DUKE 

UNIVERSITY 


LIBRARY 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/historicaldescri01unse 


AN  HISTORICAL  AND  DESCRIPTIVE 

I \ 

BEYIEW 

* • OF  THE 

CITY  OF  CHARLESTON 


MANUFACTURING  AND  MERCANTILE  INDUSTRIES, 

INCLUDING  MANY  SKETCHES  OF 

LEADING  PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  CITIZENS. 


ATOLTJIVCE  X. 


EMPIRE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 
New  York. 

1884. 


CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 

alker,  Evans  & Cogswell,  Printers, 

Nos.  3 Broad  and  109  East  Bay  Streets. 


PRINCIPAL  AUTHORITIES  CONSULTED. 


Resources,  etc.,  of  South  Carolina,  1883. 

South  Carolina  State  Gazeteer,  1883. 

Guide  to  Charleston — Charleston,  1875. 

The  Mayor’s  Year  Book  of  the  City  of  Charleston. 

ERRATA. 

In  Preface,  line  19,  for  officers,  read  offices. 

On  page  12,  line  43, , for  isoeiles,  read  isosceles. 

On  page  52,  column  2,  line  24,  for  importation,  read  exportation. 

On  page  94,  column  1 . line  24,  for  Sebard,  read  C.  Bart. 

On  page  68,  column  2,  line  4,  after  business,  read  and 
On  page  69,  column  2,  line  35,  for  &c.,  read  &. 

On  page  72,  column  1,  line  24,  after  officers,  read  and. 

On  page  73,  column  1 line  35,  for  1465,  read  1805. 

On  page  83,  column  1,  line  18,  for  ago,  read  of  age. 

On  page  110,  column  1,  line  4,  for  as  large  a,  read  a large. 

On  page  110,  column  2,  line  5,  for  the  larger,  read  larger. 

On  page  135,  column  1,  for  Jabob  Steiber,  read  Jacob  Steiber. 

On  page  170,  column  2,  line  45,  for  obsterics,  read  obstetrics. 

On  page  183  in  Index,  read  H.  H.  Bolger,  page  149. 


9 7 <5.'  71? 

£ n~ 

PREFACE. 


The  general  desire  of  the  better  class  of  our  citizens  to  be  informed  with 
regard  to  the  social,  mercantile,  commercial  and  manufacturing  interests  of 
our  country,  the  material  and  moral  status  of  the  various  municipalities,  that 
make  the  States,  our  vast  National  territorial  extent,  the  distance  that  separates 
producer  and  consumer,  and  the  impractibility  to  universal  travel,  form,  in 
our  judgment,  sufficient  excuse  for  the  publication  of  this  work.  It  is  highly 
desirable  that  information  with  regard  to  a community  so  useful  and  progres- 
sive in  trade  should  be  as  widely  diffused  as  possible,  and  though  no  claim  is 
made  that  this  volume  is  a perfect  reflex  of  Charleston  in  this  respect,  it  is 
confidently  asserted  that  no  other  publication,  with  a similar  object,  will  con- 
tain more  new  or  valuable  matter.  What  gives  value  to  history  is  its  accuracy 
and  authenticity. 

The  publishers  of  this  work  have  spared  no  time  or  labor  and 
have  incurred  no  inconsiderable  expense  in  procuring  the  fullest  and  most 
correct  information  with  regard  to  the  business  and  the  business  men  ; the 
origin  and  development  of  prominent  firms,  institutions,  and  corporations;  the 
prominent  professional  men,  and  the  incumbents  of  the  more  important  public 
officers,  city  and  national. 

In  the  following  series  of  brief  descriptive  articles,  to  which  the  at- 
tention of  the  reader  is  particularly  directed,  an  accurate  knowledge 
will  be  imparted  with  reference  to  the  commercial  and  manufacturing 
facilities  of  this  city,  its  advantages  as  a market  for  the  purchase  of  sup- 
plies, its  unequalled  conveniences  as  a shipping  port,  its  opulent  and  enter- 
prising business  concerns,  and  information  with  regard  to  such  men,  profes- 
sional and  official,  whose  avocations  identify  them  with  the  history  of 
the  city. 

As  an  exhibit  of  capital,  enterprise,  and  individual  worth,  this  group 
of  notices  evinces  a degree  of  active  endeavor,  and  individual  worth,  that  can 
not  fail  to  lead  to  the  establishment  of  more  perfect  ideas,  with  reference  to  the 
real  greatness  of  Charleston  as  a commercial  centre. 

It  was  the  intention  when  the  compilation  of  this  work  was  com- 
menced, to  have  included  in  it  an  historical  sketch  of  the  various  churches 
of  the  city,  and  of  their  several  pastors,  also  of  the  public  schools,  acad- 
emies and  colleges,  and  of  their  teachers,  principals  and  faculties,  hut 
finding  in  the  prosecution  of  his  labors,  that  the  size  of  this  volume  had 
already  exceeded  in  extent  the  limit  prescribed  for  it,  the  editor  finds  him- 
self compelled  to  defer  this  portion  of  the  history  of  Charleston  for  the  second 
volume  of  the  industries  of  South  Carolina. 

EMPIRE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 


Charleston,  February,  1884. 


C.  M.  TALLMAN, 

Editor  and  Manager. 


STATE  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA! 


State  Military  Academy. 

Our  country  on  every  sea,  in  all  lands,  everywhere  that  the  light  of  civili- 
zation has  penetrated,  is  honored  and  respected,  is  acknowledged  and  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  great  powers  of  the  earth.  In  the  great  constellation  of 
nations  our  rights  are  universally  regarded,  our  friendly  relations  appreciated, 
and  courted. 

The  terrible  ordeal  through  which  our  ancestors  passed  to  win  the  noble 
heritage  that  we  now  enjoy,  endured  privations  and  suffering,  performed 
services  and  made  sacrifices,  that  have  no  parallel  in  history,  and  that  would 
have  appalled  any  but  those  who  had  fled  from  oppression,  and  braved  the 
hardships  of  the  wilderness  for  the  blessings  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  De- 
spoiled of  their  possessions  from  time  to  time  by  the  Indians,  their  crops  de- 
stroyed, and  their  lives  constantly  endangered  and  frequently  taken,  (they  re- 
garded the  white  man  as  their  natural  foe,)  the  colonists,  by  their  earnest, 
arduous  labors,  their  untiring  toil,  from  which  they  took  no  remission  or 
respite,  except  to  prevent  the  spoliation  and  protect  their  lives  from  their  re- 
lentless and  savage  enemies,  met  with  such  a degree  of  success  in  the  develop- 
ment of  this  new  land,  as  to  excite  the  cupidity  of  the  Britons.  When  poor 
and  feeble,  they  had  been  neglected  by  the  mother  country,  and  now  that  by 
their  undaunted  courage  and  indomitable  energy  and  perseverance,  they  had 
conquered  adversity,  and  had  become  moderately  successful  and  measurably 
progressive,  the  aggressions  of  the  mother  country,  were  no  more  equable  and 
equally  intolerable,  as  the  depredations  of  their  savage  foe,  the  natives  of  the 
soil.  She  sought  to  increase  her  revenues  by  taxing  them.  They  were  not  at 
a loss  to  find  a pretext.  Heavy  expenses,  it  was  asserted,  had  been  incurred 
by  the  home  government  for  the  protection  of  the  colonies  in  the  French  and 
Indian  war ; and  these,  it  was  claimed,  should  be  reimbursed.  Having  no 
voice  in  the  selection  of  their  governors,  they  being  sent  to  them  from  Britain, 


P33460 


10 


City  of  Charleston. 

having  no  representative  in  Parliament,  nothing  to  say  as  to  what  the  tax 
should  he  levied  on,  or  how  or  for  what  disbursed,  the  colonists  declared  that 
Parliament  had  no  right  to  tax  them ; that  taxation  without  representation 
was  unjust  and  intolerable. 

In  1765  the  odious  Stamp  Act  was  passed.  This  stirred  to  the  deepest 
depth,  the  indignation  of  the  people,  submission  to  it,  they  regarded  as  the 
death  knell  to  liberty.  The  unmistakable  evidence  the  colonists  gave,  on  the 
passage  of  this  Act  by  the  British  Parliament,  that  the  public  aggressions  on 
their  rights,  by  the  parent  country,  would  be  resisted  by  force,  and  admonished 
by  resolutions' drawn  by  Patrick  Henry,  asserting  the  rights  of  the  colonies  and 
denying  the  authority  of  Parliament  to  impose  taxes  upon  them,  and  urging 
their  adoption  by  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia,  with  that  impassioned 
eloquence  for  which  he  was  so  eminent,  declaring,  if  need  be,  they  should 
have  recourse  to  arms  rather  than  submit  to  injustice,  that  “ resistance  to  ty- 
rants is  obedience  to  God.”  Parliament  deemed  it  wise  to  repeal  the  act.  But 
their  legislation  in  reference  to  the  colonies  was  so  uniformly  and  continuously 
iniquitous  and  unjust  as  to  render  endurance  intolerable,  submission  humili- 
ating and  degrading,  subversive  of,  and  inconsistent  with  a decent  self-respect. 

War  ensued.  The  British  directed  their  first  active  operations  in  1776 
against  the  South. 

On  the  4th  of  June,  Admiral  Parker  appeared  off  Charleston,  with  a fleet 
from  England,  of  2,500  troops,  of  which  General  Clinton  was  commander. 
The  people  of  Charleston  resisted.  A fort  of  palmetto  wood  and  earth,  hastily 
erected  on  Sullivan’s  Island,  defended  by  twenty-six  cannon,  and  five  hundred 
brave  men,  under  Colonel  Moultrie,  defended  the  channel.  Another  fort,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  island,  was  held  by  Colonel  Thompson.  On  the  28th 
of  June,  the  British  commenced  a heavy  cannonade  on  Fort  Sullivan  (after- 

terward  and  since 
called  Moultrie,  in 
honor  of  its  gallant 
defender).  The  wood 
of  which  it  was  built 
was  so  soft,  that  in- 
stead of  splitting,  it 
closed  over  the  balls 
that  struck,  without 
receiving  any  inju- 
ry. Many  heroic 
deeds,  that  will  live 
in  history,  were  per- 
formed that  day. 
The  first  Republican 
flag  unfurled  in  the 
South,  waved  over 
the  Palmetto  Fort. 
Early  in  the  action, 
it  was  cut  down  by 
a cannon  ball,  and 
fell  upon  the  beach. 
Serg’t  Jasper  leaped 

FORT  MOULTRIE.  OV61'  the  pallet,  TC- 

covered  the  flag,  fastened  it  to  a staff,  and  again  set  it  up,  amid  a storm  of  balls 
from  the  British  fleet. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 

Governor  Rutledge  rewarded  the  hero  by 
presenting  him  his  own  sword,  and  a lieu- 
tenant’s commission.  The  former  he  accept- 
ed, but  modestly  declined  the  latter,  saying 
that,  since  he  could  neither  read  nor  write, 
he  was  not  fit  to  be  an  officer.  On  the 
battery  in  Charleston,  facing  in  an  eastern- 
ly  direction  toward  Fort  Moultrie,  is  a fine- 
ly executed  life-size  bronze  statue,  with  his 
sword  suspended  from  the  belt,  mounted  on 
a high  and  massive  granite  pedestal,  bear- 
ing among  other  appropriate  inscriptions, 
the  names  of  the  officers  of  his  command. 

The  writer,  believing  that  no  more 
graphic,  interesting,  and  authentic  sum- 
mary of  the  part  that  South  Carolina,  took 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution  could  be  given, 
than  that  which  fell  from  the  lips  of  R.  Y. 

Hayne,  one  of  the  most  gifted  of  her  sons, 
and  one  of  the  most  masterly  debaters, 
most  able  legislators,  most  patriotic  citizens, 
and  renowned  statesmen,  not  only  of  his 
State  and  time,  but  of  our  common  country, 
quotes  his  words  : •“  What  was  the  conduct 
“of  the  South  during  the  Revolution?  Thev  „r 
espoused  the  quarrel  of  then  biethren  under  auspices  of  Palmetto  Guard,  on 
“ with  generous  zeal,  which  did  not  suffer  the  centennial  of  the  gallant  defence 
“ them  to  stop  to  calculate  their  interest  in  0F  Fort  Moultrie,  28th  June,  1776. 

“the  dispute.  Favorites  of  the  mother  country,  possessed  of  neither  ships  or 
“ seamen  to  create  commercial  rival  ships,  they  might  have  found  in  their  situ- 
“ ation  a guaranty  that  their  trade  would  be  forever  fostered  and  protected  by 
“ Great  Britain,  but,  trampling  on  all  considerations,  either  of  interest  or 
“ of  safety,  they  rushed  into  the  conflict,  and,  fighting  for  principle,  periled 
“ all  in  the  sacred  cause  of  freedom.  If  there  be  one  State  in  the  Union  that 
“ may  challenge  any  other  for  a uniform,  zealous,  and  uncalculating  devotion 
“ to  the  Union,  that  State  is  South  Carolina.  From  the  commencement  of  the 
“ Revolution  up  to  this  hour  there  is  no  sacrifice,  however  great,  she  has  not 
“ cheerfully  made,  no  service  she  has  ever  hesitated  to  perform.  She  has 
“ adhered  to  you  in  your  prosperity,  but  in  your  adversity  she  has  clung  to 
“ you  with  more  than  filial  affection.  No  matter  what  was  the  condition  of 
“ her  domestic  affairs,  though  deprived  of  her  resources,  divided  by  parties, 
“ or  surrounded  by  difficulties,  the  call  of  the  country  has  been  to  her  as  the 
.“voice  of  God.  Domestic  discord  ceased  at  the  sou-nd,  every  man  became  at 
“ once  reconciled  to  his  brethren,  and  the  sons  of  Carolina,  were  all  seen 
“ crowding  together  to  the  temple,  bringing  their  gifts  to  the  altar  of  their 
“ common  country.  Never  was  there  exhibited  in  the  history  of  the  world, 
“ higher  examples  of  noble  daring,  dreadful  suffering,  and  heroic  endurance 
“ than  by  the  Carolinians  during  the  Revolution.  The  whole  State,  from  the 
“mountain  to  the  sea,  was  overrun  by  an  overwhelming  force  of  the  enemy; 
“ the  fruits  of  industry  perished  on  the  spot  where  they  were  produced  or 
“ were  consumed  by  the  foe ; the  plains  of  Carolina  drank  up  the  most  pre- 
“ cious  blood  of  her  citizens ; black  and  smoking  ruins  marked  the  habita- 
“ tions  of  her  children.  Driven  from  their  homes  into  the  gloomy  and  almost 


11 


12 


City  of  Charleston. 

“ impenetrable  swamps,  even  there  the  spirit  of  liberty  survived,  and  South 
“ Carolina,  sustained  by  the  example  of  her  Sumter’s,  her  Moultries,  her  Rut- 
“ ledges,  her  Marions,  her  Pinckney’s,  her  Laurenses,  proved  by  her  conduct 
“that,  though  her  soil  might  be  overrun,  the  spirit  of  her  people  was 
“ invincible.” 

In  1663  Charles  II,  King  of  England,  granted  a charter  to  a company  of 
nobles  of  England,  and  under  their  auspices  the  first  successful  settlement  was 
made  at  the  same  Port  Royal  where  the  French  had  failed.  In  1680  the 
foundation  of  the  present  city  of  Charleston  was  laid.  Thenceforth  the  popu- 
lation increased  steadily,  but  slowly  on  account  of  the  dangerous  proximity 
of  the  Indians  and  the  many  difficulties  which  first  settlers  had  to  encounter. 
South  Carolina  is  one  of  the  thirteen  original  States  which  first  formed  the 
great  American  Union.  Her  sons  fought  valiantly  in  the  great  struggle  for 
liberty,  and  since  the  successful  issue  of  that  long  and  heroic  struggle  for 
national  independence,  she  has  had  occasion  to  be  justly  proud  of  her  states- 
men and  public  benefactors.  In  the  interval  between  her  settlement  and 
1808  “ she  had  furnished  to  the  United  States  two  Presidents  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary Congress,  a Chief  Justice  and  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  six  diplomatic  characters,  a Comptroller  and  Treasurer,  three  general 
officers  for  the  Revolutionary  army,  a Major  General  for  the  army  of  1798, 
and  a Brigadier  General  for  the  army  of  1808,  and  years  later  than  this  last 
date,  two  of  her  most  renowned  sons,  whose  names  (Jackson  and  Calhoun) 
will  be  imperishable,  filled  the  offices  of  President  and  Vice  President.  In 
the  way  of  literature  and  belles  letters,  she  has  furnished  a renowned  poet  in 
W.  Gilmore  Simms,  and  in  the  medical  profession  she  has  furnished  the  most 
eminent  surgeon  and  distinguished  physician  of  his  day,  J.  Marion  Simms. 
With  the  exception  of  Virginia,  no  State  in  the  Union  has  obtained  a greater 
or  even  an  equal  proportion  of  national  honors.  This  was  in  some  degree 
the  consequence  of  the  attention  paid  by  the  earlier  settlers  of  Carolina  to  the 
liberal  education  of  her  children.”  [From  a paper  read  by  Mr.  Edward 
McCrady,  Jr.,  before  the  Historical  Sooiety  of  South  Carolina,  August  6tli,  1883. 

She  was  the  first  to  establish  free  schools  for  the  education  of  her  people — 
the  first  to  build  a railroad — the  first  to  introduce  the  culture  of  cotton  and 
rice  in  this  country.  Rice  was  first  raised  in  1696,  from  seed  sent  from  Mada- 
gascar to  Archdale,  the  then  Governor  of  the  Province.  In  1698,  it  was  first 
exported,  sixteen  casks  being  sent  to  England.  In  1702,  both  cotton  and  silk 
were  produced  in  South  Carolina.  She  is  one  of  the  oldest  States  in  the  Union, 
and  has  eveiy  element  of  civilization  developed.  Numerous  towns  dot  her 
surface,  and  religious  instruction,  education  and  enlightened  intercourse  are 
everywhere  accessible.  No  country  in  the  world  excells  her  in  natural 
resources,  and  in  the  near  future  no  State  in  the  American  Union  will  be  able 
to  exc-ell  her,  if  they  are  properly  developed. 

“ The  State  resembles,  in  shape  an  isociles-triangle,  the  equal  sides  being 
on  the  north  the  boundary  line  of  North  Carolina,  and  on  the  south 
and  west,  the  Savannah  River,  separating  it  from  Georgia.  The  apex  of  the 
triangle  rests  upon  the  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains.  The  base, 
sweeping  with  a gentle  S shaped  curve  from  the  southwest  to  the -northeast, 
forms  part  of  the  Atlantic  shore  line  of  North  America.  This  line  is  parallel, 
or  nearly  so,  with  about  one-half  the  coast  lines  of  the  continents  of  the  earth, 
as  witness  the  northwest  coast  lines  of  America,  Europe  and  Africa,  and  the 
southeast  coast  lines  of  South  America,  Africa,  and  Asia.”  In  a southeasterly 
course  the  four  great  rivers  with  their  numerous  tributaries  that  drain  and 
irrigate  South  Carolina,  make  their  way  from  the  mountains  to  the  sea.  Before 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


1 O 

lo 

leaving  the  crystaline  rocks — the  front . that  marks  their  lower  falls,  and  the 
head  of  steam  navigation — the  rivers  have  received  the  rapid  currents  of 
nearly  all  their  affluents.  Thereafter  their  stately  flow  proceed  more  slowly, 
passing  the  great  inland  swamps  of  the  low  country.  South  Carolina  is  highly 
favored  with  regard  to  climate,  its  moderate  and  uniform  temperature  being 
most  effective  in  promotion  of  health  and  the  realization  of  remunerative 
husbandry ; indeed  so  mild  and  temperate  is  it  that  -there  is  not-  only  a con- 
tinued and  uninterrupted  succession  of  crops,  but  the  produce  of  almost  every 
section  and  clime  of  the  earth  will  thrive  here.  It  is  neither  so  hot  or  so  cold 
in  these  fortunate  regions,  as  it  is  in  the  North  and  West ; and  they  can  there- 
fore grow  the  cotton,  rice,  tobacco,  even  tea  of  the  Southern  plantation,  with 
the  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  and  every  other  product  of  the  most  northerly 
farm.  Whilst  in  the  North  and  West  the  ground  is  covered  for  months  with 
deep  snows,  and  rain  and  sleet  are  followed  by  intense  frosts — killing  very 
often  the  seed  in  the  ground — in  this  State  there  is  hardly  a need  to  house  the 
live  stock,  except  perhaps  for  a few  inclement  days,  to  give  them  a night 
shelter.  In  October  and  November  the  grain  seeds  are  put  into  the  ground ; 
in  March  and  April  corn  and  cotton  are  planted  ; in  May  and  June  the  grain 
harvest  is  gathered  ; and  in  September  the  cotton  picking  commences,  and  the 
corn  is  ripe.  There  is  a happy  distribution  of  the  seasons,  and  not  one  day  in 
the  year  is  the  farmer  prevented  from  some  useful  employment,  legitimate 
upon  his  calling.  The  soil  of  this  State  is  rich  in  mineral  wealth,  iron,  gold, 
lead,  magnese,  bismuth,  plumbago,  soapstone,  coal,  black  lead  ; there  is  also 
found  granite  of  the  finest  grain  and  uniform  appearance,  equal  to  gray  mar- 
ble, limestone,  the  Burrstone  and  flagstone.  Materials  for  pottery,  porcelain, 
clay  and  cutnaceous  quartz,  and  pure  sahd  for  glass,  are  found  in  many  sec- 
tions of  the  State. 

The  superiority  of  South  Carolina  over  almost  every  other  State  in  the 
Union  as  an  agricultural  country  consists  in  this,  that  while  she  can  grow  the 
great  staples  of  cotton,  rice,  tobacco,  and  sugar  with  profit,  her  climate  and 
soil  are  equally  adapted  to  produce  every  grain  and  fruit  of  the  northernmost 
clime,  and  her  water  power  is  so  available,  and  universally  distributed  that 
mills  and  factories  may  be  established  every  few  miles  without  difficulty,  to 
work  up  her  produce  on  the  spot,  and  monopolize  every  resource  for  her 
economical  prosperity. 

The  productions  of  this  State  are  cotton,  the  long  and  short  staple,  rice, 
both  swamp  and  upland,  tobacco,  indigo,  sugar,  wheat,  rye,  corn,  oats,  mil- 
lets, buckwheat,  beans,  peas,  broom  corn,  guinea  corn,  sweet  and  Irish  pota- 
toes, hemp,  flax  and  hops  grow  luxuriantly.  The  fruit  products  are  apples, 
pears,  plums,  quinces,  peaches,  apricots,  nectarines,  cherries,  oranges,  lemons, 
olives,  figs,  pomegranates  and  the  American  date.  The  berries  are : the  mul- 
berry, raspberry;  strawberry,  blackberry,  sparkleberry,  and  elderberry.  The 
nuts  grown  here  the  walnut,  pecan  nut,  chestnut,  hickory  nut,  hazel  nut  and 
chincjuepin.  The  grape  grows  luxuriantly  in  every  portion  of  the  State.  In 
the  woods  and  swamps  enormous  vines  are  found,  extending  to  the  topmost 
branches  of  the  tallest  forest  trees.  Around  Aiken  about  seven  hundred  acres 
are  now  planted  in  grapes,  and  the  quantity  increases  annually.  The  silk 
worm  thrives  well.  The  tea  plant  is  successfully  cultivated.  In  the  line  of 
garden  products  almost  anything  that  can  be  raised  in  any  garden  in  the 
world  can  be  grown  in  nearly  every  part  of  this  State.  In  the  way  of  flowers, 
here  can  be  found  whatever  the  earth  will  yield  in  beauty  and  fragrance. 

The  comparatively  recent  discovery  of  the  immense  and  inexhaustible 
Phosphate  Beds  in  the  vicinity  of  Ashley  River,  has  given  rise  to  a number  of 


14 


City  of  Charleston. 


manufacturing  companies,  who,  by  m.eans  of  machinery  devised  for  that  pur- 
pose, are,  by  manipulation  of  this  natural  soil  (possessed  of  great  fructifying 
qualities),  converting  the  same  into  a portable  commodity,  which  has  become 
an  extensive  article  of  merchandise,  shipped  by  rail  and  water  throughout  not 
only  the  Southern  States,  but  is  extensively  exported  from  the  harbor  of 
/Charleston  to  England  and  most  of  the  European  countries.  Many  wealthy 
companies  are  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  these  phosphate  soils  into  the 
various  grades  of  fertilizers,  their  great  utility  having  been  demonstrated  by 
experiment,  their  value  is  becoming  universally  appreciated,  and  the  demand 
for  them  has  become  so  great,  that  it.  is  a formidable  rival  in  a commercial  and 
monetary  point  of  view,  to  that  product  (cotton)  which  lias  hitherto  been  con- 
sidered tire  great  staple  of  the  South. 

The  people  of  this  State,  are  beginning  to  realize  the  great  natural  facil- 
ities they  enjoy  for  the  conversion  of  cotton  and  other  cultivated  products, 
and  of  the  spontaneous  yield  of  the  rich  mineral  wealth  from  nature’s 
laboratory,  into  articles  of  practical  use,  in  the  localities  where  they  grow. 
There  are  abundant  water  supplies,  acres  of  wood  land,  and  a great  abun- 
dance of  laborers,  available  for  the  manufacture  of  their  cotton  into  yarn, 
thread,  cloth  and  garments,  for  the  conversion  of  their  extensive  beds  of 
ore  into  iron,  out  of  which  to  manufacture  their  own  machinery  ; here  may 
be  found  clay  for  stoneware  and  pottery,  fine  kaolin  for  porcelain,  and  silica 
for  glass  in  many  sections  of  the  State;  there  are  the  fine-grained  woods  in 
the  forests  for  all  branches  of  cabinet-making  and  wood- work  of  all  kinds; 
and  there  is  an  excellent  and  ever-ready  market  for  all  its  products.  The  port 
of  Charleston  is  connected  by  a system  of  railroads  with  all  parts  of  the  State 
and  the  Avhole  country;  the  harbor*  is  safe  and  capacious,  and  is  visited  by 
vessels  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  There  is  also  the  port  of  Georgetown,  and 
the  magnificent  Port  Royal,  situated  in  a rich  and  fertile  region,  enjoying  a 
pleasant  and  salubrious  climate,  with  a depth  of  water  sufficient  for  the  largest 
vessels  that  sail  on  the  oceans.  These  great  natural  advantages,  have  induced 
many  of  its  public-spirited  citizens,  progressive  and  enterprising  in  disposition, 
possessed  of  business  tact  and  sagacity,  capable  of  conceiving  and  carrying 
into  prosecution  large  undertakings,  to  build  factories  and  mills  (adapting  the 
admonition  so  faithfully  and  earnestly  advocated  by  the  editor  of  the  News 
and  Courier  in  the  columns  of  this  paper,  recognized  as  the  powerful  organ  of 
the  State,  for  the  advancing  of  Southern  interests),  and  have  within  a few  years 
built  within  the  State  twenty-six  cotton  mills. 

Before  the  war,  the  State  relied  for  her  prosperity  exclusively  upon  the 
rich  results  of  her  agricultural  pursuits. 

The  aggregate  steam  horse  power  used  in  these  mills  is  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  five.  The  water  power  five  thousand  six  hundred  and 
fifteen.  The  whole  number  of  looms  employed  are  four  thousand  one  hundred 
and  twenty,  of  spindles,  one  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
twenty-one ; the  total  capital  $4,547,000.  Number  of  hands  employed,  four’ 
thousand  two  hundred  and  sixty-two.  The  amount  of  wages  paid  per  annum 
is  $728,900.  The  cotton  consumed  annually  in  their  manufacture  amounts 
to  29,946,269  pounds.  The  other  supplies  used  in  the  mills  will,  in  money 
value,  amount  to  $74,345;  the  total  of  these  twro  items,  $1,716,351.  The  mar- 
ket value  of  the  products  of  these  mills  is  $3,047,033,  the  number  of 
yards  of  cloth  reaches  forty-three  million  five  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-four.  The  aggregate  number  of  pounds 
of  yarn  turned  out  is  eight  million  thirty-two  thousand  nine  hundred  and 
seventy-five. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


15 


To  the  Confederate  Dead.  Erected  in  Magnolia  Cemetery,  Charleston, 
S.  C.  Sculptured  by  Bartholdi. 

South  Carolina,  claiming  her  original  sovereignty,  entered  at  the  head  of 
the  Southern  States  in  the  recent  armed  protest  against  the  predominance  and 
sectional  legislation  of  the  Northeast.  The  fortunes  of  war  decided  against  her. 
She  has  accepted  the  result  in  good  faith,  and  no  State  in  the  Union  is  truer 
or  more  faithful  to  her  pledges.  Her  system  of  African  slavery  (originally 
forced  upon  her,  and  repugnant  to  the  moral  and  religious  sentiment  of  the 
world)  abolished,  by  which  her  opulent  planters  were  enabled  to  do  without 
every  other  branch  of  industry,  but  that  of  cultivating  the  soil.  As  a general 
thing,  their  whole  attention  being  given  to  the  raising  of  the  great  staple  of 
of  commerce,  often  even  their  bread  and  meat  were  imported  from  other  parts 
of  the  world.  Their  tools  and  implements  were  imported  from  the  North  or 
from  Europe.  Thus  slavery,  which  enriched  the  people  by  the  means  of  the 
great  profits  of  their  staple  produce,  in  reality  impoverished  them  by  their 
dependence  upon  others,  and  by  preventing  that  universal  and  close  industry 
which  enables  a community  to  create  within  itself  all  that  is  requisite  to  the 
necessities,  comforts  and  luxuries  of  life — exemplified  in  blockade  of  ports  in 
the  late  war. 


16 


City  of  Charleston. 


Instead  of  repining  and  sorrowing  over  the  lost  comforts  and  riches  of 
the  past,  the  citizens  of  South  Carolina  are  boldly  and  manfully  meeting  and 
grappling  the  necessities  of  the  present.  The  courage  and  fortitude  with 
which  they  have  met  all  the  vicissitudes,  political  and  social,  the  patience 
with  which  they  have  endured  the  terrible  revulsions  and  disasters  that  have 
occurred  since  the  war,  are  harbingers  of  better  days. 

South  Carolina,  is  divided  into  thirty-four  counties.  Columbia  is  its  cap- 
ital, has  a population  of  twelve  thousand — this  and  Charleston  are  the  two 
principal  cities  of  the  State.  Charleston  has  a population  of  about  sixty 
thousand.  The  State  has  a university  in  Columbia ; two  colleges  and  a high 
school  in  Charleston;  a military  institute  in  Charleston ; a university  at  Green- 
ville ; Erskine  college  in  Abbeville  District ; a Lutheran  college  at  Newberry; 
the  Wofford  college  at  Spartanburg;  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb  and 
blind,  at  Columbia;  a lunatic  asylum  at  Columbia;  and  a large  number  of 
academies,  seminaries,  and  schools  in  various  other  localities.  The  first  system 
of  free  schools  in  America,  as  mentioned  in  a preceding  part  of  this  history, 
was  instituted  in  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  and  is  now  in  existence,  so  that 
every  child,  whose  parents  cannot  afford  to  pay,  can  have  a free  education. 
Every  district,  is  entitled  to  a portion  of  the  State  appropriation  for  the  support 
of  free  schools,  according  to  its  population  and  taxes.  There  is  a perfect  net- 
work of  railroads  running  through  the  State.  The  Charleston  and  Savannah 
Railway  connects  with  all  the  principal  Southern  cities.  The  South  Carolina 
runs  up  to  Columbia,  and  by  a branch  to  Augusta,  from  thence  forming  a 
chain  of  connections  with  the  Western  States.  The  Greenville  and  Columbia 
Railroad,  by  its  main  line,  and  several  branches,  reaches  every  western  and 
northwestern  section  of  the  State,  and  by  its  connection  with  the  Blue  Ridge 
Railroad,  will  in  a few  years  unite  with  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  The  Columbia  and 
Charlotte  Railroad  traverses  the  northern  section  of  the  State,  and  by  the 
Danville  Railroad  terminates  in  Richmond,  Virginia.  The  North  Eastern 
Railroad,  connects  with  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  and  Augusta  Railroad,  and 
is  one  of  the  lines  of  travel  from  Charleston  to  New  York,  and  a number  of 
other  smaller  railroads,  linking  this  State  with  every  main  avenue  of  business 
and  travel  on  this  continent.  It  has  two  of  the  finest  seaports  on  the  Atlantic 
coast,  with  a depth  of  water  sufficient  to  admit  the  entrance  of  steamships,  and 
carrying  vessels  of  the  heaviest  tonnage,  with  spacious  harbors  and  unsur- 
passed facilities,  for  the  receipt  and  discharge  of  freight. 

The  Government  of  South  Carolina,  is  divided  into  three  departments — 
executive,  legislative  and  judicial.  The  executive  department,  consists  of  a 
Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief,  a Lieutenant-Governor,  who  is  ex-officio 
President  of  the  Senate,  a Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer  of  the  State,  Comp- 
troller-General, and  Attorney-General.  The  Governor  and  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor are  elected  by  the  people  for  a term  of  two  years.  The  other  officers  are 
elected  by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  The 
legislative  department  consists  of  a Senate  and  Blouse  of  Representatives,  the 
members  of  which  are  elected  every  two  years  by  the  people.  The  judicial 
power  is  vested  in  a Chief  Justice,  Associate  Justices,  Chancellors,  Judges  of 
Probate,  Judges  of  District  Courts,  and  Magistrates.  These  are  elected  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

Foreigners,  who  have  declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  are,  after  two  years  residence  in  the  State,  admitted  to  the  elec- 
tive franchise,  and  have  equal  rights  and  immunities  with  the  citizens  of 
native  birth.  Columbia  is  the  seat  of  Government. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


17 


State  Officers,  elected  November  5th,  1882,  for  two  years. 

CHIEF  EXECUTIVE, 

Governor,  Hugh  S.  Thompson. 
Lieutenant-Governor,  John  C.  Sheppard. 

DEPARTMENT  OFFICERS. 

Adjutant  and  Inspector-General,  A.  M.  Manigault. 
Attorney-General,  Ch.  Richardson  Miles. 
Comptroller,  W.  E.  Stoney. 

Secretary  of  State,  James  S.  Lipscomb. 
Superintendent  of  Education,  Asbury  Coward. 
Treasurer,  John  P.  Richardson. 


UNITED  STATES  SENATORS, 


M.  C.  Butler  and  Wade  Hampton. 
CONGRESSMEN, 


1st  District,  Samuel  Dibble;  2d,  George  Tillman;  3d,  D.  Wyatt 
4th,  John  H.  Evins  ; 5th,  John  J.  Hemphill;  6th,  George  W.  Dargan ;' 
W.  M.  Mackey,  recently  deceased. 

SENATE. 

President,  ex  officio,  Hon.  John  C.  Sheppard. 


Clerk,  T.  Stobo  Fa 
Abbeville,  J.  C.  Maxwell. 

Aiken.  D.  S.  Henderson. 

Anderson,  John  H.  Moore. 
Barnwell,  G.  B.  Lartigue. 

Berkeley,  Robert  Simmons. 
Beaufort,  Hamilton  Robinson. 
Charleston,  Augustine  T.  Smythe, 
Geo.  Lamb  Buist. 
Chester,  G.  J.  Patterson. 
Chesterfield,  D.  T.  Redfearn. 
Clarendon,  H.  L.  Benbow. 
Colleton,  M.  P.  Howell. 
Darlington,  IV.  C.  Coker. 

Edgefield,  James  Callison. 
Fairfield,  H.  A.  Gaillard. 
Georgetown,  Bruce  H.  Williams. 
Greenville,  W.  H.  Perry. 
Hampton,  J.  W.  Moore. 


rrow. 

Horry,  Thomas  W.  Beatty. 
Kershaw,  W,  Z.  Leitner. 
Lancaster,  T.  F.  Clyburn. 
Laurens,  J.  W.  Ferguson. 
Lexington,  Gerhard  Muller. 
Marion,  W.  W.  Harllee. 

■ Marlboro,  C.  S.  McCall. 
Newberry,  Thomas  C.  Brown. 
Oconee,  J.  L.  Shanklin. 
Orangeburg,  James  F.  Izlar. 
Pickens,  W.  T.  Field. 
Richland,  William  Wallace. 
Spartanburg,  T.  J.  Moore. 
Sumter,  Joseph  IT.  Earle. 
Union,  William  Muni. 
Williamsburg,  S.  D.  M.  Byrd. 
York,  James  F.  Hart. 


Aiken 
7th,  E 


18 


City  of  Charleston. 


HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Speaker,  Hon.  James  Simons,  of  Charleston. 

Clerk,  John  T.  Sloan. 

Abbeville — James  S.  McGee,  W P Wideman,  P.  H.  Bradley,  W.  H.  Parker, 

F.  F.  Gary. 

Aiken — John  M.  Bell,  George  W.  (Toft,  F.  P.  Woodward,  Thomas  J.  Davies. 
Anderson — E.  B Murray,  Id.  G.  Scuddy,  H.  R.  Vandiver,  R.  P.  Clinkscales. 
Barnwell — W.  W.  Smith,  M.  F.  Molony,  Id.  J.  Kearse,  G.  W.  M.  Williams,  G. 
D.  Bellinger. 

Berkeley — W.  G.  Pinckney,  James  Singleton,  Andrew  Singleton,  W.  W. 
Beckett,  Cain  Raven  el. 

Beaufort — Hastings  Gantt,  L.  S.  Mills,  Jos.  Robinson. 

Charleston — C.  II.  Simonton,  James  Simons,  W.  H.  Brawley,  C.  A. McHugh, 
John  F.  Ficken,  Charles  Inglesby,  A.  H.  DuPre,  Edward  McCrady,  John  Gon- 
zales, M.  F.  Kennedy,  J.  Francis  Britton,  George  M.  Mears. 

Chester — James  F.  Barber,  W.  S.  Hall,  R.  T.  Mockbee. 

Chesterfield — C.  W.  AVelsh,  W.  W.  Spencer. 

Clarendon — W.  T.  Lesesne,  R.  R.  Gibson. 

Colleton — C.  P.  Chisolm,  T.  0.  McAlhaney,  Id.  D.  Padgett,  J.  W.  Perry, 
J.  R.  P.  Fox. 

Darlington — W.  A.  Brunson,  Id.  J.  Lee,  H.  L.  Morris,  E.  R.  Mclver. 
Edgefield — W.  J.  Talbert,  Clinton  Ward,  W.  Id.  Timmerman,  C.  W.  Ivinard, 

G.  W.  Turner. 

Fairfield — Idayne  McMeekin,  A.  S.  Douglas,  George  H.  McMaster. 
Georgetown — Walter  Hazard,  William  J.  Moultrie. 

Greenville — M.  F.  Ansel,  W.  L.  Mauldin,  W.  Id.  McKelvay,  J.  J.  Mackey. 
Hampton — John  T.  Morrison,  Henry  M.  Ulmer,  C.  J.  C.  Hutson. 

Horry — Jeremiah  Smith,  P.  A.  Parker. 

Kershaw — E.  Miller  Boykin,  L.  L.  Clyburn. 

Lancaster — L.  J.  Perry,  R.  E.  Allison. 

Laurens — John  C.  Davis,  Thomas  B.  Crews,  W.  A.  Shands. 

Lexington — W.  T.  Bookter,  Edward  F.  Sinsler. 

Marion — W.  J.  Montgomery,  B.  F.  Davis.  J.  F.  Pearce,  J.  W.  Smith. 
Marlboro — Knox  Livingston,  John  B.  McLaurin. 

Newberry — William  D.  Hardy,  Jefferson  A.  Sligh,  George  Johnstone. 
Oconee — W.  J.  Stribling,  Robert  E.  Mason. 

Orangeburg — Jacob  W.  Summers,  Richard  V.  Dannelly,  R.  Benson  Tar- 
rant, Ira  T.  Shoemaker,  B.  G.  Frederick. 

Pickens — W.  Q.  Berry,  J.  E.  Boggs. 

Richland — Samuel  G.  Henry,  John  C.  Haskell,  C.  0.  Marshall,  Richard 
Singleton,  Thomas  Taylor. 

Spartanburg — E.  Id.  Bobo,  J.  A.  Corry,  H.  L.  Farley,  J.  B.  0.  Landrum. 
Sumter — Id.  D.  Lee,  PI.  E.  L.  Peebles,  F.  J.  Mayes,  D.  E.  Keels. 

Union — C.  C.  Culp,  I.  G.  McKissick,  J.  R.  Minter. 

Williamsburg — R.  Id.  Kimball,  W.  S.  Camblin,  William  Cooper. 

York — W.  B.  Wilson,  B.  Id.  Massey,  George  L.  Riddle,  J.  C.  Witherspoon. 

JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 

The  State  is  divided  into  eight  Judicial  Circuits  or  Districts.  Each  Cir- 
cuit has  a Circuit  Judge  and  a Circuit  Solicitor. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


19 


Counties  Comprising  the 
Judicial  Circuits. 


Circuit  Judges  and 
Residences. 


Circuit  Solicitors  and 
Residences. 


| Charleston, 

1 < Berkeley, 

|_  Orangeburg, 


R.  C.  Pressley, 
Summerville. 


W.  St.  J.  Jervey, 
Charleston. 


"Aiken, 
Barnwell, 
2 •{  Beaufort, 
Colleton, 

^ Hampton, 


A.  P.  Aldrich, 
Barnwell. 


F.  Hay  Gantt, 
Barnwell. 


3 < 


Sumter, 

Clarendon, 

Willliamsburg, 

Georgetown, 


4 


"Chesterfield, 

Marlboro, 

-<  Darlington, 
Marion, 
.Horry, 


("Richland, 
r j Kershaw, 

° j Edgefield, 
(^Lexington, 


f Chester, 

Q Lancaster, 
6 York, 
Fairfield, 


("Newberry, 

J Laurens, 
j Spartanburg, 
Union, 


T.  B.  Fraser, 
Sumter. 


J.  H.  Hudson, 
Bennettsville. 


J.  B.  Kershaw, 
Camden. 


J.  D.  Witherspoon, 
Yorkville. 


W.  H.  Wallace, 
Unionville. 


John  J.  Dargan, 
Sumter. 


G.  IV.  Dargan, 
Darlington. 


R.  G.  Bonham, 
Edgefield. 


T.  C.  Gaston. 
Chester. 


D.  R.  Duncan, 
Spartanburg. 


8 


"Abbeville, 

Anderson,. 

Oconee, 

Pickens, 

Greenville, 


J.  S.  Cothran, 
Abbeville. 


James  L.  Orr, 
Greenville. 


COUNTIES  OFFIOEES. 


20 


City  of  Charleston. 


O 

H 

s 

G 


P 

P 

02 


P 

O 

• ° 

> ' 

2 be  £ P 


J5  S ft  -g  g--  pi-j  3 ft  -"E  5 3 cp 

p — - P n ^ b c3  q " ^ q^1 

eHK®y  § ft  c£  » £ ^ ?C 


• Mq 

P o 


_;  g 

-H  O 


r*  a O 

Hl° 


• G • • O • p . 

hofl  S >.>-2 

1-1  i C d . r-?  G 

«2 -pq  ^ q 


■ ti  ® 
MS-  S 
G sS  c3 
ft  o ® ft 

>!*  qs 
. <u  > 


>pq; 

x d d : 


* O P p £u  >— m P,  ', 


3 § ® = 5 3i»ok;  .s"  33  § 5 - ® 

;dft  §d^|^Qt>H’djr  3 d ®x'wp3^i7® 
: dd_d  d gdSddd 


H 

« 

G 

02 

<5 

W 

« 

H 


Ph> 


P 

P 


oi  o H1^  c o 


* s a '5 

i^Wo 
i Mod, 
i d d d h 


Pd 


cq 


s : 

. G ‘ 

lO' 


<3 

q 

idg; 

) a?  Qj  ' 

) <ri  ^ 


S| 

^1 

!ft 


rv  a)  _ 
P G k;  G 


a 

G 

g 

. 02 

K*^r— < ■ —'  G 

^ c ^ O 


PhH 
W P P co  -<  cc 


a Gar 


G G 

fer 


G _ 
G 13 
bo.~ 
be  r 

cBI 


P £ 

° br 

o 

&-.  . 

«Q 

P P^H  Pq 

S d £ ri  p p p s p p p £ ffi  co  a 


be  0,0 

. o .k*  ^CQ^J 
G -*j  i-h  o ^.p 

Sc^^ShO 

02  ^ .jg  G^  - Hh 


r'j  . 

p *5  ~ ' 

>.P  02 

o"  "cO 

£«£c 


O _ 
- >> 


O . ^ QQ  (C  S S C 6, 


O 

O 


m 

g2 
: p 5 
5 £ H 
: • 


m 


! ^ jg  P « § 


7^ 

G . ^ ^ 

9 ^ ^ ^ w Eh  ^ 03  ^ H ^ P ^ W W "o  Ph 
ftftd-<ddd^dxi^i£d£d^dd£^ 


^ £ S[~  £.® 

x^^pqS 


> O 


. >-,  . . g a ^ a p 

T3  >.  xn  02  p -J_j  02  CO  , c . 

. y 02  2 r.  02  (O  02  -•-.  G c ^ G G 02  ZH 

TO  * p,  , —i  02  , — i Q i— * ^ " -,  Xfl  G 02  jyj  r-> 

>.  n S s >.  M tr:  = id  ® ® ^ 33  -g  S ? — 1 ~ 2 r5  £ 

«KM^^tg6Ppa3f§w.'§  SQ^oP=  1^5 
w>da^rv:h4r|dHH-cj>  ^ddwp^fi^ 

Csj  >~~c  HHbH  r4_Q  GO  P 


K 

W 

o 

K 

o 

O 


23  02  ?-<  HH 

“ M a W W 
Sm^-,5  - h 

S'g 

p co  >-s  tf  PQ  >~i 


N ^ 

^ G 
G cO 
'zu.V 


• G L n ^ 02 

®M®  f-2  « g 

C 


D 


pq 


O <i  > 


CO  o . 

5W^ 

id" 


2hS£i-'; 


H CO 

5 ai  d 


d v-j  i-^  d d 


Cl, 


£ o aj 

S £“3  § S 
53  o2  § 
s :°«o 
g«JC)Mpq 

d ,s  p4  5 5 

• O .2  - 

P ^ >-5  »^> 


O 02 


2 s s d 

o a <v 


cc 


V >> 


"I®  * s> 


o> 


-s  « wPK-b.s  ^ ® 

iG  ffl*  M 


d'3^HBWW° 

M'  ^ d < J d M H X 

Qpjda'^d^tBdi-i 


W 

O 

G 


G 

O . 

Si 

!§ 

jO 


<u 


s 3 

O cs 


ft  rj 

• 3 3 


3 ^ • • (—‘  • 

Csh  .OH  . rH 


G 

c3 

O ^ 

02  g • 

o =3  02 

Gffl.tS 
P • M 

^ r-» 

W g d 

'dc§ 


o O . . 

O S . - G » . • 

L«  -^2  4L  d)  c , 

r*  S «T"5- 


H M O >~.  ' 

^ s ^ ^ d 5 

q'dd^db 

. G • - ‘ . • 

h^cQK^h^ep 


o 

3 2 
03  d, 

CD  § £ CD 
£ 03  1)2 
C3  C/I’  p 03 
• 03  02  -+f  C 

?GP  L>  G 


>dSow 

• G G 0 ^>- 
d GC  L5  ^ " 

^■55d-^' 


-tC  • 

ci  o 

tij  o 

G CC 


l-2  CD 
o pH 

'"*  pq 

3d 

» O r-G 

■m  o 
3 P 02 

) HH  G 
5 ^ ^ 


' O 


§§g 

*L  O'^- 

?Qk‘--  o Ll  • 

m 2 o^ 

3 cd>_Ssclc 

. . 60  . 5 ^ ft 

5 5 K ^ O d ^ ft  ® 

S id  3 sq  o h d 3 d 


CD 

cj  ^ ^ 60 


SC£  s d s 

2 Gec  3 

.£f>i  33  35 

02  ^2  G ^ 2 P 

N^p^  G ►> 

. ft  ft  « 3 

o^>  . . . 

. & H-5  J-5  P 


..^  c3 
03  ■£  G 
fG  G 3 

K:°s 

^>5 


G • 03 

^ S-c  C2 

d 0 s-4  G G 

0 03  02  173^^ 
H G CG  02‘r 


G 

d ph 


cr  .dpc 
® > • . M w 


S'3  S.£ ft 
§ S d = ft 

G ~ G 

ft®3-CPft 

^ i-j  x d s 


tn  ^ «2 

H-r  rG 

C - 


!.p  0G 

• ^ ^ O 

. K"  ^ . 

) ’GCj 
■ G^ 

:doa 


so  q 

G O 
P CO 
P .G  tf3 

^11 
P P H 


P G w G 

o3  ® 3 

codpi 


ft  a 

, ; w ■ 

d3ffl.  Id  ft 

^ ^ ^ G G H 


0 

£ >> 


0 


o.2 

03  G 


o P p 0 • -- 

^ ^ ^'p  d;  Gdd  -.2  . 

^ — O G bep  oc  02  c3  0 n G G 

°?S|GtSd>-c!s5oS« 

d3d  5 .wf^o  -Sft 

h ^ ddS  ^ Ip  S d d | d w d -I 

. P .,J>ppO--M*Pt>>  . o 


G . 

o >> 


t-  G 

0 


0 


o 


<1^ 


• G • G 
^GPhG 
•0.0 
< P 


C 0 
p be , 
o o — 
^ pc;  ^ 


3> 


! ft  Q 


0 

S G 

G O 

• bC-fti  p 

S S G • P G 

® ai  ci-Gd  h 

oJ3Jo® 
ftcqQd^o 

. • G '“"1 

H <!  x~  H hh‘  H ^ 


>)- 
pop 
p p p 
O G G 
ftX  3 


p 


H 

G 

O 

o 


0 £ 

P o 

p ^ CO 

ft§^ 

PPG 


p 2 
3 


G . 
G ~ ^ 0 

Jpo 


P -*— * b*-*_g  ^P  O r-t  P 
o d<  0 02  ft,  P-pig 

^2  025-2 

G G P 5-<a3CO?J02 
ftG^GOOGP-- 
G 0 0PPP-G  O G „ ww  _ - - 

wwmooQoofiHftddW 


feT  <!> 


G 

ft  »5 


d £*  3 _-o  ft 

U o ft  -g  ■>  5 .s»3MBO  0 CD-’S  2 3 s P - 3 

3 ft  ,2  6t  q ft  >ift  os  cd  q o ft  ft  ® so  g ft  3 ^ 3 .2  k 

ft  2/'S  ^ 6)  S r CO  o s I --  r-,  -r  c q Sft  t:  a Oft-6 

ft  bep  oogg^cJg^gG^OcsPogg’Gp^ 
GP  G 02  G G 0u22  ^ 02  ft  P •—  G 2 , C 

^r-"r-  rkrtHMy ftftftd^^OOPMxxd^In 


G - 
P 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


21 


The  census  returns  of  1880  shows  the  agricultural  region  of  So.  Ca.  com- 
prises 33,893  acres,  that  the  white  population  numbers  391,071,  the  colored 
604,235 — total  995,306.  The  number  of  farms  93,864,  the  number  of  acres 
of  tilled  land  3,794,560,  that  the  number  of  acres  planted  in  cotton  are  1,347,- 
381 ; that  the  number  of  bales  of  cotton  raised  therefrom  were  516,490.  That' 
the  bushels  of  grain  raised  were  17,010,593  that  the  various  kinds  of  work 
stock  numbered  153,196 ; that  other  live  stock  amounted  to  1,265,166.  The 
average  size  of  farms  in  1880  in  So.  Ca.  were  143  acres,  their  aggregate  value 
$68,677,482;  value  of  farming  implements  $3,202,710;  value  of  live  stock  $12,- 
279,412 ; number  of  horses  60,660;  of  mules  and  asses  67,005  ; of  working, oxen 
24,507 ; number  of  milch  cows  139,881 ; other  cattle  199,321 ; sheep  lis,889; 
swine  628,198  ; number  of  pounds  of  butter  made  3,196,851. 

The  table  on  the  following  page  shows  the  population  of  South  Carolina 
for  each  census  from  1790  to  1880. 


Census  Year. 

Total 

Population. 

White. 

Colored. 

1790  ...  

249,073 

140,178 

108,805 

1800  ... 

345,591 

196,255 

149,336 

3810 

415,115 

214,196 

200,919 

1820  

502,741 

237,440 

265,301 

1830  

581,185 

257,863 

323,322 

1840  

594,398 

259,084 

335.314 

1850  

668,507 

274,563 

393,944 

1860  .....  

703,708 

291,300 

412,320 

1870  

705,706 

289,667 

416,834 

1880  

995,577 

391,105 

604,332 

The  first  settlements  took  place  along  the  seacoast,  thence  moving  inland 
they  followed  the  rivers.  There  are  fourteen  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
sixty-one  more  females,  than  males  in  So.  Ca.,  something  over  three  per  cent., 
indicating  a peaceful  and  settled  mode  of  life,  and  the  prevalence  of  such  oc- 
cupations as  furnish  employment  to  females.  The  Western  and  newer  States, 
where  the  conditions  of  life  are  harder  and  the  occupations  require  more  ro- 
bust natures,  the  ratio  of  females  to  males  is  less. 

The  manufacturing  industries  in  South  Carolina  in  1882  were : Cotton 
manufactures,  26  ; capital,  $4,084,000  ; hands,  4,467  ; wages,  $942,700  ; mate- 
rials, $5,219,564;  products,  $8,147,126.  Cotton  gins,  2,800;  capital,  $3,000,000;. 
hands,  3,000;  wages,  $319,770;  materials,  $30<»,000;  products,  $3,228,062. 

Cotton  Seed  Oil  Mills,  3 ; capital,  $120,000;  hands,  50;  wages,  $5,000;. 
materials,  <$80,000;  products,  $193,200. 

Fertilizers,  11;  capital,  $1,511,000;  hands,  537 ; wages,  $195,387;  mate- 
rials, $1,567,833;  products,  $2,230,000. 

Flouring  and  Grist  Mill  products,  720  ; capital,  $1330,269;  hands,  1,052;. 
wages,  $139,352;  materials,  $3,265,485;  products,  $3,779,470. 

Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  products,  18;  capital,  $179,850  ; hands,  314; 
wages,  $90,449;  materials,  $137,389;' products,  $289,502. 

Lumber,  Sawed,  420  ; capital,  $1,056,265;  hands,  1,468;  wages,  $221,963; 
materials,  $1,237,361 ; products,  $2,031,507. 

Paper  Mills,  2;  capital,  $120,000;  hands,  110;  wages,  $20,000;  materials, 
$85,000  ; products,  $133,000. 

2 


22 


City  of  Charleston. 

Ti'inting  and  Publishing,  14;  capital,  $132,700;  hands,  242;  wages,  $115,- 
947  ; materials,  $89,450;  products,  $299,520. 

Tar  and  Turpentine,  192 ; capital,  $565,200  ; hands,  4,619;  wages,  $555,- 
460;  materials,  $666,179;  products,  $1,893,206. 

All  other  industries,  672;  capital,  $1,663,120;  hands,  3,356;  wages, 
$755,694;  materials,  $1,384,170;  products,  $2,857,981. 

Total  number  of  establishments,  4,878;  capital,  $13,771,404;  total' num- 
ber of  hands,  19,215  ; total  amount  of  wages,  $3,361,725 ; total  value  of  mate- 
rials, $14,032,531 ; total  amount  of  products,  $25,062,574. 

Next  with  one  exception,  South  Carolina  was  the  heaviest  sufferer  by  the 
war,  her  assessed  property  shrinking  from  $480,000,000  in  I860  to  $183,000,000 
in  1870,  while  the  true  shrinkage  was  from  about  $550,000,000  to  a little  over 
a hundred  million  ; more  than  half  her  territory  was  ravaged  by  hostile  armies. 
After  the  surrender  came  two  years  of  political  chaos,  and  eight  of  rapacious 
robbery. 

The  following  is  a list  of  the  Governors  of  South  Carolina  during  and 
from  the  Revolution  down  to  the  present  time: 


John  Rutledge 
Rawlins  Lowndes. 
1778  John  Rutledge. 

1783  Benjamim  Guerard. 
1785  Wm.  Moultrie. 

1787  Thomas  Pinckney. 
1789  Charles  Pinckney. 
1791 

1793  A.  Vanderhorst. 

1795  Wm.  Moultrie. 

1798  Edw.  Rutledge. 

1800  John  Drayton. 

1802  James  B.  Richardson. 
1804  Paul  Hamilton. 

1806  Charles  Pinckney. 
1S08  John  Drayton. 

1810  Henry  Middleton. 
1812  Joseph  Alston. 

1814  David  R.  Williams. 
1816  Andrew  Pickens. 

1818  John  Geddes. 

1S20  Thomas  Bennett. 

1822  John  L.  Wilson. 

1824  Richard  S.  Manning. 
1826  John  Taylor. 

1828  S.  D.  Miller. 

1830  James  Hamilton,  Jr. 


1832  R.  Y.  Hayne. 

1834  Geoi’ge  McDuffie. 

1836  P.  M.  Butler. 

1838  Patrick  Noble. 

1839  B.  K.  Hennegan. 

1840  John  P.  Richardson. 
1842  James  Hammond. 
1844  William  Aiken. 

1846  Daniel  Johnson. 

1848  W.  B.  Seabrook. 

1850  John  H.  Means. 

1852  John  C.  Manning. 

1854  James  IT.  Adams. 

1856  R,  F.  W.  Alston. 

1858  William  H.  Gist. 

1860  F.  W.  Pinckney. 

1862  A.  T.  MacGrath.  v 
1865  B.  F.  Perry,  appointed 
1865  James  L.  Orr. 

1868  R.  K.  Scott. 

1870  “ “ “ 

1872  F.  -J.  Moses,  Jr, 

1874  D.  H.  Chamberlain. 
1876  Wade  Hampton. 

1878  W.  D.  Simpson. 

1880  J.  J.  Hagood. 

1082  Hugh  S.  Thompson. 


The  United  States  Senators  from  South  Carolina  are  M.  C.  Butler  and 
Wade  Hampton.  Both  did  gallant  service  in  behalf  of  the  Southern  cause  in 
the  war  between  the  States,  the  latter  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina,  both  have 
held  many  public  elective  and  appointive  positions,  all  of  which  they  have 
graced  and  adorned,  reflecting  honor  and  dignity  upon,  rather  than  deriving 
any  from,  their  incumbency  of  these  high  public  trusts.  By  years  of  faithful 
and  most  effective  services  in  behalf  of  their  native  State,  both  in  the  field  of 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


23 


National  and  State  politics,  and  by  reason  of  their  patriotic  sendee  in  the 'field 
of  battle  in  behalf  of  that  cause  so  dear  to  the  Southern  heart,  they  are  honored 
and  respected,  looked  up  to  and  trusted,  and  confided  in  by  the  citizens  of 
South  Carolina,  to  protect,  look  after  and  care  for,  the  interests  and  welfare  of 
the  Palmetto  State  in  the  halls  of  our  National  Legislature.  The  Editor  will 
give  a personal  sketch  of  these  honorable  gentlemen,  when  writing  up  the  his- 
tory of  the  State  and  Government  Officers,  which  will  form  a subsequent  part 
or  volume  of  this  work. 


24 


City  of  Charleston. 


CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 


The  City  of  Charleston  received  its  name  from  Charles  the  II.  of  England, 
who  made  extensive  grants  of  land  to  certain  English  Lords,  who  were  styled 
Lord  Proprietors. 

It  is  built  upon  a peninsula,  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Ashley  and 
Cooper  Rivers,  and  has  an  average  elevation  of  eight  or  ten  feet  above  high 
tide.  The  original  settlement  was  about  three  miles  above  the  present  site,  on 
the  western  bank  of  the  Ashley  River;  but  in  1677,  many  of  the  early  settlers 
removed  to  the  present  site  of  the  city,  naming  their  settlement  Oyster  Point 
Town.  In  1680,  it  was  named  New  Charles  Town,  and  was  made  the  seat  of 
government  of  the  colony.  In  1682  it  was  declared  a port  of  entry,  and  in 
1685  a Collector  was  appointed.  In  1783,  it  was  incorporated  as  a city,  the 
name  being  abbreviated  to  that  of  Charleston. 

Charleston  County  lies  entirely  along  the  coast,  and  besides  the  city  of 
Charleston,  has  two  small  towns.  Moultrieville,  on  Sullivan’s  Island,  is  five 
miles  across  the  bay  from  Charleston,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  a steam 
ferry.  It  is  a pleasure  and  health  resort  for  Charlestonians  and  the  people  of 
the  upper  country,  who  resort  here  in  summer,  to  enjoy  the  sea  air,  and  bathing, 
its  fine  beach  affords.  It  contains  many  handsome  cottages,  and  some  fine 
drives.  It  derives  its  name  from  Fort  Moultrie,  which  beat  off  the  British 
fleet  of  Sir  Peter  Parker  on  June  28th,  1776,  and  which,  with  Fort  Sumter, 
a mile  distant  across  the  north  channel,  guards  the  entrance  to  the  port.  It 
has  six  stores.  McClellansville  has  ten  stores,  and  is  some  thirty  miles  to  the 
northeast. 

The  City  of  Charleston  is  three  miles  long,  and  varies  in  width  from  half 
a mile  to  two  miles.  It  possesses  one  of  the  most  advantageous  locations  as  a 
shipping  port  in  the  United  States ; its  safe  and  spacious  harbor,  forty  feet 
deep  at  the  city,  and  three  miles  wide,  opens  to  the  sea  at  a point  about  six 
miles  to  the  northeast. 

“The  history  of  Charleston,  for  the  nineteen  years  which  have  passed 
since  the  war,  is  simply  that  of  a people  struggling  against  difficulties  and 
overcoming  them  one  by  one,  until  now  we  see  a large  part  of  the  waste  places 
built  up,  trade  and  commerce  re-established,  the  old  industries  resumed,  and 
some  new  ones  introduced ; so  that  it  is  evident  to  the  most  superficial  ob- 
server, that  but  a few  years  more  are  needed  to  restore  the  city  to  its  former 
prosperity,  and  this  opinion  will  be  confirmed  by  an  examination  of  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  industry.” 

The  amount  of  the  trade  of  Charleston  for  the  commercial  year,  ending 
August  31st,  1882,  including  the  value  of  staple  products  received,  and  the 
value  of  local  manufactures,  and  of  the  wholesale  and  retail  trade  of  the  city 
is  as  follows  ; as  shown  by  accurately  compiled  statistics  : 


State  of  South 

Carolina. 

25 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cotton,  upland,  bales 

Cotton,  sea  island,  bags 

Rice,  tierces 

Naval  Stores,  spirits,  casks 

Naval  Stores,  rosin,  bbls 

Phosphate  Rock,  crude,  tons 

Lumber,  feet 

Manufactures,  excluding  fertilizers  . . . 

Fertilizers 

Cotton  Goods,  domestic,  bales 

Fruits,  vegetables 

Wholesale,  and  retail  trade  

....  486,423 

....  43.642 
....  65,000 
....  256,000 
....  146,496 
. . . 45,000,00 

....  2,500 

$24,000,000 

1,600,000 

1,571,112 

1.040.000 
625,000 
887,224 

4.500.000 
5,554,568 

2.562.000 

1.500.000 
1,000,000 

30,000,000 

. . $74,839,904 

MARKET  HALL  FACING  ON  MEETING  STREET.— LARGEST  MARKET  IN  THE  SOUTH. 


The  following  table  giving  the  aggregate  value  of  the  foreign  imports  and 
exports  for  the  past  five  years,  shows  the  gradual  increase  in  the  foreign  trade 
of  the  city  : 


Year  ending 


Exports. 


Imports. 


August  31, 1878  * ■ ■ $17,619,448 

August  31,  1879  19,630,397 

August  31, 1880  19,734,620 

August  31,  1881  26,646,074 

August  31, 1882  19,617,480 


$122,769 

131,185 

200,677 

460,289 

586,800 


26 


City  of  Charleston. 


An  active  interest,  has  manifested  itself  within  the  last  few  years,  in  manu- 
facturing industries,  the  number  of  industries  are  steadily  increasing,  and  the 
capital  employed  is  being  constantly  augmented.  There  was  in  Charleston  in 
1882,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  manufacturing  industries,  employing  4,356 
hands,  using  $5,215,600  capital,  and  turning  out  an  annual  product  valued  at 
$8,146,568. 

The  following  are  the  manufactures  of  Charleston  : 


Industries. 

Number 
Establishments.  [ 

Hands 

employed. 

Capital  Stock,  or 
Capital  empl’d. 

II 

V alue  of  annual 
Product. 

Bagging  

1 

250 

$ 245,000 

$ 400,000 

Fertilizers  

11 

920 

2,386,000 

2,562,000 

Rice  Mills 

4 

225 

450,000 

1,292,500 

Iron  Works 

17 

450 

390,000 

750,000 

Building  Materials,  Wood  and  Saw  Mills, 

8 

380 

260,000 

660,000 

Ship  Building 

4 

125 

20,000 

190,000 

Candy  Factories 

4 

55 

8,000 

70,000 

Beer  Breweries  

1 

25 

50,000 

80,000 

Job  Printing,  Newspapers,  &c 

14 

215 

240,000 

290,000 

Carriages  and  Wagons 

8 

65 

30,000 

75,000 

Flour,  Grist,  &c 

9 

60 

15,000 

80,000 

Concrete  Piping  . . ■ 

2 

10 

12,000 

50,000 

Cigars . 

13 

100 

30,000 

145.000 

Harness,  &c.  . . 

11 

60 

45,000 

60,000 

Shirts  and  Underwear  . 

1 

65 

7,000 

15,000 

Marble  and  Granite . 

5 

60 

25,000 

80,000 

Soda  Water 

4 

130 

28,000 

56,000 

Gas 

1 

50 

375,000 

200,000 

Axle  Grease 

2 

4 

5,000 

9,000 

Baskets  and  Willow-ware 

2 

5 

2,500 

3,000 

Boots  and  Shoes 

9 

26 

8,000 

15,000 

Bakeries  

13 

90 

36,000 

200,000 

Carpentering 

15 

475 

140,000 

300,000 

Street  Car  Repairs 

2 

9 

5,000 

15,000 

Men’s  < 'lothing .... 

6 

50 

60,000 

70,000 

Furniture . 

3 

9 

20,000 

8,900 

Lock  and  Gunsmithing 

6 

7 

7,500 

10,568 

Painting  and  Paper  Hanging 

7 

50 

10,000 

30,000 

Photographing  . . 

4 

7 

8,600 

7,000 

Plumbing  and  Gas  Fitting 

7 

13 

30,000 

42,000 

Saddlery  and  Harness 

6 

35 

22,000 

50,000 

Tin,  Sheet  Iron,  and  Copper 

10 

42 

35,000 

48,000 

Tobacco  and  Cigars 

8 

56 

10,000 

33,000 

Upholstering 

4 

15 

25,000 

49,000 

Watch  and  Clock  Repairing 

9 

18 

15,000 

20,000 

Miscellaneous 

7 

200 

160,000 

150,000 

Total 

138 

4,356 

$5,215,600 

$8,116,568 

27 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


The  following  are  the  annual  sales  of  the  various  kinds  of  merchandise 
for  the  year  ending  August  31st,  1882  : 


Kinds. 

1 

Wholesale. 

Retail. 

Total. 

Groceries,  Liquors  and  Tobacco  .... 

§12,100,000 

§3,600,000 

$15,700,000 

Commission  Houses 

2,500,000 

* 

2,500,000 

Grain  and  Hay . 

700,000 

245,000 

945,000 

Dry  Goods  

2,520,000 

1,800,000 

4,320,000 

Boots  and  Shoes 

975,000 

280,000 

1,255,000 

Fancy  Goods 

75,000 

55,000 

130,000 

Hats  and  Caps 

85,000 

90,000 

175,000 

Drugs  and  Medicines  

275,000 

125,000 

400,000 

Hardware 

1,325,000 

200,000 

1,525,000 

Crockery 

125,000 

30,000 

155,000 

Paints  and  Oils 

385,000 

65,000 

450,000 

Clothing - 

175,000 

200,000 

375,000 

Saddlery ' . . . . . . . . 

110,000 

15,000 

125,000 

Stationery,  &c.  

225.000 

75,000 

300,000 

Furniture  

125,000 

15,000 

140,000 

Beer  and  Soda  Water 

350,000 

50,000 

400,000 

Ice 

30,000 

30,000 

Fish  and  Oysters 

30,000 

30,000 

Total  . ..  

$22,110,000 

$6,845,000 

$28,955,000 

“ Charleston  is  the  only  city  of  importance  on  the  Atlantic  coast  whose- 
piers  front  the  ocean,  and  her  wharf  accommodations  on  Cooper  River,  extend- 
ing a distance  of  one  and  a half  miles,  offer  ample  accommodations  for  all  its 
shipping.  For  most  the  distance  there  are  substantial  piers,  large  sheds  and 
facilities  of  every  kind  for  the  quick,  safe  and  economical  handling  of  freights. . 
She  has  wharfroom  for  240  vessels  of  the  average  size,  with  a depth  at  the 
head  of  some  of  the  wharves  of  25  to  30  feet.  The  wharves  are  built  mostly  of 
palmetto  logs.” 

There  is  a line  of  sailing  vessels  running  between  New  York  and  this 
city,  leaving  New  York  every  week.  It  was  established  in  1854,  and  has  been 
in  successful  operation  ever  since,  except  during  the  war.  They  run  the  fol- 
lowing schooners  the  “ Wapella,”  “ Mvrover,”  “ Enchantress,”  “ Georgetta  Law- 
rence,” “ Thomas  P.  Ball,”  “ Florence  Shay.”  The  agents  of  the  above,  com- 
prising the  merchants’  line  of  packets,  are  William  Roach  & Sons.  There  are 
the  following  steamship  lines  running  to  and  from  Charleston:  The  Clyde 
steam  lines  to  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  comprising  the  following  steam- 
ships sailing  to  New  York  : Delaware  and  Gulf  Stream,  leaving  every  Wednes- 
day, sailing  to  Philadelphia;  the  Equator  and  the  Virginia,  leaving  every 
Thursday,  Hon.  Win.  A.  Courtenay  is  the  Charleston  agent;  the  Adger  line, 
comprising  the  steamships  City  of  Columbia,  the  City  of  Atlanta  and  the 
Charleston,  make  two  trips  weekly  between  Charleston  and  New  York,  James 
Adger  & Co.  agents.  The  Merchants  and  Miners’  line  of  steamers  Charleston 
and  Baltimore  runs  weekly  trips.  There  are  several  other  lines  of  steamships 
running  vessels  between  Charleston  and  almost  every  city  accessible  by  water. 
There  are  four  cotton  presses — the  Hydraulic,  the  Champion,  the  Union,  the 
Commercial,  having  a capacity  of  10,000  bales  to  12,000  'daily.  The  banking 


28 


City  of  Charleston. 


facilities  are  ample  and  are  capable  of  an  expansion  commensurate  to  the  re- 
quirements of  any  exigency  of  trade  and  commerce.  The  climate  is  mild  and 
salubrious,  and  as  far  as  its  temperature  is  concerned,  is  as  inviting  and 
healthful  a place  of  winter  residence,  as  the  popular  and  fashionable  resorts  of 
Fernandina  and  Jacksonville,  Florida. 

Its  system  of  public  schools,  and  its  facilities  for  a higher  education  are 
unsurj  assed  bjr  any  other  city  in  the  States. 


COLLEGE  OF  CHARLESTON. 

Incorporated  17S5.  Opened  1791.  Re-Organized  October,  1829. 


The  credit  of  the  city  stands  high,  and  the  administration  of  its  govern- 
ment is  in  the  hands  of  a Mayor  and  City  Council,  who  enjoy  to  an  unlimited 
degree  the  confidence  of  its  citizens,  and  under  whose  auspices  there  has  been 
made  great  and  almost  unprecedented  progress  in  city  improvements,  as  well 
in  their  public  buildings,  their  parks,  their  public  schools,  as  in  their  miles  of 
newly  repaved  streets,  and  who,  while  disbursing  unusually  large  sums  of 
money  to  meet  their  costs,  so  wisely  and  judiciously  manage  the  revenues  of 
the  city  (as  to  concurrenty  with  the  payment  of  these  extensive  improvements, 
so  imperatively  demanded,)  as  to  steadily  and  very  appreciably  decrease  the 
city  debt. 

The  National  jetties,  in  process  of  construction,  will  when  completed  so 
augment  the  depth  of  water  in,  and  near  this  city  as  to  make  Charleston  im- 
measurably the  finest  harbor  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

The  history  of  South  Carolina,  and  its  metropolitan  city  are  so  interwoven 
with  one  another  that  the  writer  found  it  almost  impossible  to  write  the  his- 
tory of  the  State  without  making  very  considerable  incursions  in  that  of  the 
city,  which,  in  material  wealth,  commercial  and  manufacturing  facilities, 
manufacturing  industries,  enterprise,  general  and  diffusive  education,  and 
high  culture,  forms  the  most  considerable  part  of  what  constitutes  the  State, 
and  will  therefore  content  himself  in  mentioning  principal  buildings  and  ob- 
jects of  interest  in  the  city  and,  its  immediate  suburbs,  and  the  names  of  its 
able  and  efficient  officers. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


29 


Charleston  has  seventy  miles  of  street,  in  the  laying  out  of  which  no 
regard  has  been  had  to  uniformity,  regularity,  symmetry,  or  any  consideration 
indicative  of  taste,  as  far  as  the  general  topography  of  the  city  is  concerned. 
Some  are  broad,  straight,  handsome  avenues,  well  paved,  and  lined  on  either 
side  with  handsome  structures,  while  others  are  crooked  and  narrow,  with 
sidewalks  scarce  wide  enough  for  two  to  pass  abreast,  abutted  by  houses  dis- 
similar and  irregular  in  their  proportions,  their  appearance  testifying  to  an 
utter  absence  of  all  consideration  of  architectural  skill,  and  an  utter  disregard 
for  the  painter’s  art  or  any  other  methods  of  adornment.  The  principal 
streets  running  North  and  South,  are  East  Bay,  contiguous  to  the  wharves, 
lined  principally  by  wholesale  grocery,  liquor  and  provision  houses.  Next 
street  west  of  and  parallel  with  this  is  Meeting  street,  occupied  principally 
with  large  wholesale  houses,  in  all  the  various  lines  of  merchandise.  King 
street,  also  parallel  with  these,  is  mostly  devoted  to  the  retail  dry  goods  trade, 
and  most  of  the  more  showy  and  pretentious  retail  establishments,  in  the 
various  lines  of  business.  There  are  several  other  streets  running  East  and 
West,  occupied  miscellaneously  with  private  residences  and  the  smaller  class 
of  stores.  The  principal  streets,  crossing  the  above  mentioned,  and  running 
from  East  to  West,  are  Broad  street,  on  which  are  most  of  the  stock  and  real 
estate  brokers  offices,  many  of  the  larger  publishing  houses,  all  the  banks  of 
the  city,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  and  most  of  the  lawyers  offices,  with  a 
sprinkling  of  some  of  the  finest  retail  establishments  in  the  various  lines  of 
merchandise.  The  other  principal  streets  parallel  with  Broad  are  Queen, 
Market,  Wentworth,  etc.  They  are  variable  in  width,  some  narrow  and  un- 
prepossessing in  appearance,  portions  of  them  occupied  with  business  houses, 
mostly  retail,  and  other  parts  with  dwelling  houses,  interspersed  with  the 
smaller  class  of  retail  stores. 

The  city  has  many  fine  public  buildings,  the  most  conspicuous  and  note- 
worthy of  which  is  the  United  States  Custom  House.  It  is  built  of  white 
stone,  has  two  fronts,  one  on  East  Bay  and  one  on  Market  street.  Has  at  each 
front  an  imposing  portico,  supported  by  beautiful  Corinthian  columns,  the 
porticos  being  reached  by  a long  flight  of  broad  stone  steps.  The  interior  is 
eleborately  and  handsomely  finished. 

The  public  buildings  of  the  municipal  government,  that  are  archi- 
tecturally attractive  are  the  Court  House,  situated  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Broad  and  Meeting  streets,  is  a three-stor}^  brick  building,  faced  ■ o as  to  resem- 
ble stone.  The  first  floor  comprises  a large  central  hall  and  the  rooms  of  the 
officers  of  the  Court,  The  court-room  and  clerk’s  office  is  on  the  second  floor, 
the  third  contains  the  jury  rooms.  The  City  Hall  is  a new  building,  is  impos- 
ing in  its  appearance,  and  beautiful  in  its  surroundings,  having  a beautifully 
laid  out  park  attached.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Meeting 
streets.  The  Council  Chamber,  Mayor’s  and  other  city  officials’  offices  are  on 
the  second  floor.  The  City  Court  room,  City  Assessor’s  and  City  Treasurer’s 
offices,  are  on  the  first,  while  the  basement  is  occupied  by  the  Detective  force. 
The  Post  Office  is  situated  on  East  Bay  at  head  of  Broad,  was  erected  before  the 
Revolution.  The  material  used  in  the  building,  was  brought  from  England, 
was  after  completion  used  as  a custom  house  Here  Col.  Isaac  Hayne,  a brave 
American  patriot,  was  imprisoned  till  led  forth  to  his  execution.  The  Market 
Hall  is  located  on  Meeting  street  near  the  centre  of  the  Market,  is  a peculiar 
and  rather  attractive  structure,  standing  on  a high  open  basement,  having  a 
lofty  portico  in  front,  reached  by  a flight  of  steps  on  either  side  of  entrance 
to  Market  street,  which  extends  tack  to  the  Bay.  The  market  is  the  largest 
in  the  South,  for  cleanliness  it  cannot  be  excelled  by  any  North,  or  South,  and 


30 


City  of  Charleston. 


is  plentifully  supplied  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Other  handsome  edifices  of 
Charleston  are  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Agricultural  Hall,  Medical  Col- 
lege, Military  Hall,  Charleston  Savings  Bank,  Walker,  Evans  & Cogswell,  book 
and  stationery  store  and  publishing  house,  News  and  Courier  building,  Hiber- 
nian Hall,  South  Carolina  Military  Academy,  College  of  Charleston,  Hampton 
Hall,  Butler  Hall,  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  Charleston 
Female  Seminary.  The  Battery  is  a lovely  park  laid  out  on  the  promontory 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Ashley  river  with  the  bay,  having  high  sea 
walls,  and  being  laid  out  in  a fine  shady  lawn  with  shell  walks  and  drives  and 
interspersed  with  rustic  wooden  and  iron  seats.  Here  the  most  fashionable 
and  stately  facades  of  splendid  houses,  front  the  harbor,  which  gleams  between 
the  inter-knit  branches  of  the  bordering  trees.  The  most  prominent  features 
of  the  Battery,  from  which  a fine  view  of  +he  bay  can  be  had  showing  in  the 
distance  Fort  Moultrie,  (as  if  rising  up  from  this  wid.e  smooth  expanse  of  water 
dotted  with  vessels  bearing  the  commerce  of  this  magnificent  port,)  is  the 
•J asper  monument  and  the  statue  to  Simms,  the  historian,  essayist  and  poet. 


ROPER  HOSPITAL,  COR.  QUEEN  AND  MAZYCK  STS. 


There  are  thirty-seven  white  and  nineteen  colored  churches,  embracing 
every  denomination.  The  hotel  accommodations  of  Charleston  are  excellent 
and  ample,  the  principal  one  is  the  Charleston  Hotel,  centrally  located  on 
Meeting  street.  Newspapers  published  in  Charleston  are  the  News  and  Courier, 
19  Broad  ; established  1803,  daily,  tri-weekly  and  weekly  ; Democratic,  New ; 
and  Courier  Company,  proprietors.  Deutsche  Zeitung,  63  Broad,  organize  l 
1853,  weekly  and  semi-weekly  ; Democratic,  F.  Melchers  & Son,  proprietor  ■ 
Southern  Christian  Advocate,  3 Broad  ; established  in  1837,  weekly  ; organ  of 
S.  C.  Conf.  M.  E.  Church,  Rev.  S.  A.  Weber,  A.  M.,  Editor;  Walker,  Evans  & 
Cogswell,  publishers.  Southern  Educational  Montly,  3 Broad,  Walker,  Evans 
& Cog  swell,  publishers.  Sunday  News,  published  every  Sunday,  News  and 
Courier,  proprietors.  The  Mercury,  daily. 

The  educational  institutions  and  schools,  are  the  College  of  Charleston, 
South  Carolina  Military  Academy,  The  Holy  Communion  Church  Institute, 
Hampton  Hall  and  Butler  Hall,  whose  edifices  were  before  referred  to, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


31 


Charleston  Female  Seminary,  The  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Caro- 
lina. There  are  five  public  schools.  There  are  three  handsomely  laid  out 
cemeteries  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city,  accessible  b}^  the  East  Bay  street  cars, 
viz.,  the  German,  the  Magnolia,  and  the  Catholic.  There  are  many  elegant 
private  residences  in  Charleston,  the  most  imposing  and  grandest  of  which 
are  those  of  Mr.  George  W.  Williams,  banker,  on  Meeting  street,  and  of  Dr. 
Andrew  Simonds,  banker. 


PRIVATE  RESIDENCE  OF  ANDREW  SIMONDS,  ESQ. 
4 South  Battery.  See  page  93. 


The  valuation  of  the  real  estate  of  the  city,  under  the  recent  assessment, 
is  placed  at  $15,474,687,  the  increase  in  valuation  being  $526,870.  The  follow- 
ing is  the  valuation  by  wards : 


Value.  Increase. 

First  Ward $ 2,288,030  $ 8,070 

Second  Ward 1,697,305  60,700 

Third  Ward 2,739,355  73,000 

Fourth  Ward 4,000,830  44,700 

Fifth  Ward 1,526,333  175,900 

Sixth  Ward 1,554,763  39,000 

Seventh  Ward 799,254  103,000 

Eighth  Ward 868,817  20,000 


Total  $15,474,687  $526,870 


There  are  in  Charleston  the  following  asylums  and  hospitals  : The  Cath- 
olic Female  Orphan  Asylum,  Catholic  Male  Orphan  Asylum,  Charleston  Alms 


32 


City  of  Charleston. 


House.  Charleston  Orphan  House,  the  Church  Home,  City  Hospital,  Home 
for  Mothers,  Widows  and  Daughters  of  Confederate  Soldiers,  House  of  Rest, 
Union  Widows’  Home,  Ashley  River  Asylum,  or  Old  Folks’  Home,  colored.  . 

The  rate  of  taxes  for  1880  were  two  and  one-half  per  cent.,  and  for  the 
following  two  years  it  was  two  and  one-quarter  per  cent.  In  this  period  the 
taxable  values  in  the  city  had  advanced  two  and  one-half  million  dollars, 
or  nearly  twelve  per  cent. 

The  debt  of  the  city  of  Charleston  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1870,  was 
$5,241,709.77.  It  was  increased  by  the  issue  of  six  per  cent,  stock  for  past 
due  interest,  $5,725  ; five  per  cent,  stock,  college  and  high  school,  $22,000  ; 
seven  per  cent,  fire  loan  bonds,  $324,000  ; four  per  cent,  bonds  issued  in  settle- 
ment of  case  of  Fraser  and  Dill,  $50,100;  making  a total  of  $5,643,534.77. 

This  amount  was  decreased  by  the  cancellation  and 


retirement  of  fire  loan  bonds $ 250,100  00 

Six  per  cent,  stock 743,983  79 

Five  per  cent,  stock ' 47,600  00 

Pour  per  cent,  stock,  cancelled  in  1881  and  1882  . . . 372,100  00 

Six  per  cent,  stock,  old  issue 500  00 


Leaving  public  debt  1st  January,  1883  $4,229,250  98 

Which  is  made  up  : 

Bonds,  four  per  cent $3,413,300  00 

Bonds,  six  per  cent 160,500  00 

Bonds,  seven  per  cent 500;000  00 

Bonds,  seven  per  cent.,  fire  loan 103,400  00 


$4,177,200  00 

Stock,  six  per  cent 29,050  98 

Stock,  five  per  cent 23,000  00 

April  24th,  1883 $4,229,250  98 

The  burden  of  this  debt  has  been  still  further  and  greatly  relieved  by  a 
reduction  in  the  rate  of  interest,  which  a wise  policy,  of  promptly  meeting  all 
claims  at  maturity,  has  enabled  the  administration  just  expired,  in  a large 
measure,  to  effect.  Prior  to  1880,  the  annual  interest  charges  on  the  city  debt, 
amounted  to  $314,557,  being  $6.41  per  capita,  In  1883,  this  charge  had  been 
reduced  to  $188,000,  or  about  $3.65  per  capita.  If  the  present  plan  of  paying 
at  maturity,  the  debt  bearing  six  and  seven  per  cent,  interest,  is  persisted  in, 
the  city  will,  at  an  annual  outlay  of  $23,000,  clear  off  the  whole  of  this  debt  in 
eight  years,  and  have  remaining  nothing  but  the  five  per  ’ cent,  bonds  matur- 
ing in  1909,  with  an  annual  interest  charge  of  only  $140,000.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  disasters  through  which  it  has  passed,  swept  as  it  has  been  by  fire  and 
sword,  the  credit  of  the  city  of  Charleston,  has  once  more  gained  the  high 
rank  it  formerly  held. 

The  early  settlers  of  Charleston  obtained  an  abundant  supply  of  superior 
water,  by  sinking  wells  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  in  depth.  With  the  growth  of 
the  city  this  water  lost  its  purity,  and  recourse  was  had  to  cisterns  supplied  by 
rains.  In  1803  Mr.  Longstreet  attempted  to  bore  an  artesian  well,  but  did  not 
succeed.  In  1876,  Mr.  Spangler  bored  a well  on  Citadel  green,  to  the  depth  of 
1,970  feet,  and  obtained  an  abundant  supply  of  water.  The  delivery,  tested  at 
four  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  earth,  was  found  to  be  250  gallons  a minute, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


33 


RUINS  OF  THE  CATHEDRAL. 


or  360,000  gallons  a day.  It  is  pleasant  and  healthful  for  drinking  and  culi- 
nary purposes,  it  is  delightful  for  bathing  and  superior  even  to  cistern  water 
for  washing.  This  demonstrates  the  practicability,  of  furnishing  an  unlimited 
supply  of  excellent  water  for  the  city.  Another  well  is  being  worked  under 
the  supervision  of  Mr.  Spangler. 

In  1881  there  was  a substitution  of  a paid  Fire  Department,  for  the  volun- 
teer service.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  a Board  of  Firemasters.  There  are 
six  steam  fire  engines,  two  reserve  steam  fire  engines,  and  two  hook  and  lad- 
der trucks,  with  one  hundred  men,  and  a sufficient  force  of  officers,  horses,  fuel, 
wagons,  &c.  The  fire  alarm  telegraph,  has  thirty  miles  of  wire,  and  ninety- 
three  signal  boxes,  in  six  separate  and  distinct  metallic  circuits,  connected  only 
through  a repeater  at  the  central  office.  There  are  fifty-three  acres  in  Charles- 
ton, devoted  to  and  divided  into  parks  or  public  grounds. 

Since  1878,  the  United  States  government,  has  been  engaged  in  extensive 
works  for  increasing  the  depth  of  the  entrance  into  the  harbor.  A stone  jetty 
from  Sullivan’s  Island,  running  southeast  and  seaward,  and  another  from  Mor- 


34 


City  of  Charleston. 


ris  Island,  bearing  northeast  and  toward  the  first  are  being  built.  There  will 
be  an  opening  of  2,000  or  2,600  feet  in  width,  at  their  point  of  convergence,  and 
it  is  believed  that  the  concentrated  force  of  the  currents  and  tides,  will  scour  out 
and  keep  open,  through  this  funnel-shaped  aperture,  a permanent  channel 
twenty -six  feet  in  depth.  Foundation  courses,  15,000  feet  in  length,  for  the 
north  jetty,  and  12,757  feet  for  the  south  jetty,  in  all  27,757  feet,  have  been 
laid,  varying  in  width  from  forty  three  feet,  to  one  hundred  and  eighteen  feet, 
and  height  from  two  and  a half  feet  to  fourteen  feet  from  the  bottom,  exclusive 
of  spur  jetties  at  certain  points.  The  expenditure  has  been  $1,045,000,  and  it  is 
estimated  that  it  will  require  $755,000  to  complete  the  work. 


UNITED  STATES  POSTOFFICE. 

LIST  OP  INTENDANTS  AND  MAYORS  OP  CHARLESTON. 

From  1783  to  1808  the  city  was  divided  into  thirteen  wards,  each  repre- 
sented by  a warden,  elected  on  a general  ticket  in  September  of  each  year;  the 
intendant  was  elected  from  among  the  wardens. 

Intendants. 

1783,  Richard  Hutson  ; 1784,  Richard  Hutson  ; 1785,  Col.  Arnoldus  Van- 
derhorst ; 1786,  John  F.  Grimke  ; 1788,  John  F.  Grimke;  1797  and  8,  Henry  W. 
DeSaussure ; 1799  and  1800,  Thomas  Roper  ; 1801,  John  Ward  ; 1802,  David 
Deas  ; 1803,  John  Drayton  ; 1804;  Thomas  Winstanley ; 1805,  Chas.  B.  Coch- 
ran ; 1806  and  7,  J ohn  Dawson,  Jr. ; 1808,  William  Rouse ; 1809,  William  Rouse, 
elected  on  general  ticket ; 1810-35,  city  divided  into  four  wards,  and  inten- 
dant continued  to  be  elected.  Intendant,  Dr.  Thomas  McCalla.  1812-13, 
Thomas  Bennett,  Jr.;  1814,  Thos.  Rhett  Smith  ; 1815,  T6  and  T7,  Elias  Hor- 
ry; 1818  and  19,  John  Geddes ; 1820,  D.  Stevens;  1821,  Elias  Horry;  1822  and  3, 
James  Hamilton,  Jr. ; 1824,  John  Geddes;  1825,  Samuel  Prioleau  ; 1826,  Jos. 
Johnson  ; 1827,  ’28  and  ’29,  John  Gadsden  ; 1830,  ’31  and  ’32,  Henry  L Pinck- 
ney ; 1833,  ’34  and  ’35,  Dr.  Edw.  W.  North. 


35 


State  of  South  Carolina. 

In  1836  the  title  of  Intendant,  was  changed  to  that  of  Mayor,  and  that  of 
Warden  to  that  of  Alderman.  The  number  of  Aldermen  continued  the  same 
(twelve)  till  1850,  when,  by  extension  of  the  city  limits,  the  four  upper  wards 
were  created,  each  having  an  alderman,  sixteen  in  all.  In  1861,  wards  4,  5 
and  6 each  had  an  additional  alderman,  and  ward  2 lost  one,  making  the  total 
eighteen.  In  1S78  the  number  was  increased  to  twenty-four,  wards  2,  5, 6 and 
7 each  gaining  one,  and  ward  8 two. 

By  an  Act  approved  23d  December,  1878,  the  term  of  office  of  Mayor  and 
Alderman  was  extended  to  four  years. 

1836,  Mayor,  Robt.  Y.  Hayne;  1837,  ’8,  and  ’9,  H.  L.  Pinckney;  18  JO  and 
’41,  Jacob  F.  Mintzing;  1842,  ’3,  4,  and  ’5,  John  Schnierle;  1846,  ’7,  ’8,  and  ,9, 
T.  Leger  Hutchinson;  1850  and  T,  John  Schnierle;  1852  and  ’3,  T.  Leger 
Hutchinson;  1855,  Wm.  Porcher  Miles;  1857,  ’59,  ’61,  and  ’63,  Chas.  Mac- 
beth; 1865,  P.  C. 'Gail lard;  1867,  election  forbidden  by  military  order;  1868, 
upon  the  expiration  of  the  term,  for  which  he  had  been  elected,  P.  C.  Gaillard, 
in  default  of  an  election,  and  by  virtue  of  the  orders  of  the  commanding  Gen- 
eral of  the  Second  Military  District,  continued  in  office  till  20th  February,  1868, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Maj.  Gen.  W.  W.  Burns,  U.  S.  A.,  who  was  appointed 
by  Gen.  E R.  S.  Canby,  commanding  the  Military  District,  in  an  .order  of  19th 
February,  1868.  Gen.  Burns  was  relieved  9th  March,  1868,  by  brevet  Col.  M. 
Cogswell,  U.  S.  A.,  by  an  order  of  Gen.  Canby  of  7th  March,  1868.  Col.  Cogs- 
well was  succeeded  by  George  W.  Clark,  9th  July,  1868,  by  order  of  Canby, 
of  6th  July. 

1868,  Mayor  Gilbert  Pilsbury;  1871,  John  A.  Wagener;  1873  and  ’5, 
George  I.  Cunningham;  1877,  W.  W.  Sale;  1879  and  1883,  W.  A.  Courtenay. 

The  citizens  of  Charleston  are  a law-abiding,  orderly  people,  strict  in  the 
observance  of  the  Sabbath,  and  seldom  disgrace  themselves  by  the  occurrence 
of  any  disorderly  or  riotous  demonstration.  Their  moral  status  is  far  above 
that  of  the  great  majority  of  the  large  seaport  cities.  The  .white  population,  is 
remarkably  homogeneous  in  its  character,  a large  percentage  being  natives  of 
the  city  or  State. 

There  is  great  unanimity  in  politics,  there  being,  in  fact,  but  one  party, 
the  Democratic.  In  education  and  general  attainments  among  the  masses,  its 
standard  is  far  above  the  average  of  large  cities ; and  in  the  higher  culture, 
and  in  the  broader  fields  of  seientific  and  scholastic  knowledge,  the  percentage 
is  equal  to  that  of  any  city  in  the  Union. 

They  are  tolerant  in  politics  and  religion.  They  are  strong  in  their  local 
attachments,  proud  of  their  State  and  its  institutions,  brave  and  courageous 
in  the  maintenance  of  their  rights  ; and  while  “they  revere  their  God,  they 
love  their  fatherland.” 


Representative  Reuses  and  Rreminent  Men 

OF 

GHABLESTOIT,  B.  C. 


HON.  W.  A.  COURTENAY,  Mayor. 


The  office  of  Chief  Executive  of 
Charleston  is  second,  in  importance  on- 
ly to  that  of  Governor  of  the  State. 
The  wise  and  judicious  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  which  high  trust  entails 
upon  its  incumbent  a weight  of  re- 
sponsibility equal  to  that  of  any  po- 
litical office  filled  by  the  elective  fran- 
chise. He,  who  so  acceptably  to  the 
people,  and  so  creditably  to  himself, 
fills  this  high  position,  possesses  in  an 
eminent  degree,  all  those  qualifications 
(seldom  compassed  in  one  individual), 
that  makes  him  one  of  the  best  Execu- 
tive officers  that  ever  filled  the 
chair  of  Chief  Magistrate  of  Charles- 
ton. He  is  possessed  of  rare 
4 


business  tact  and  sagacity,  a large  and 
comprehensive  mind,  great  diversity 
of  general  information,  a thorough  and 
exhaustive  knowledge  of  the  affairs  of 
the  city,  the  condition  and  wants  of 
the  several  departments  into  which  its 
government  is  divided,  great  fertility 
of  resource,  and  versatility  of  talent  in 
devising  ways  and  means  of  meeting 
emergencies,  his  every  official  act,  dic- 
tated solely  by  a desire  for  the  public 
good,  he  comes  as  nearly  up  to  the 
people’s  conception  of  a model  Mayor 
as  any  in  the  long  line  of  his  prede- 
cessors ; in  this  declaration  the  writer 
not  being  unmindful  that  among  them 
was  the  great  Robert  Y.  Hayne,  the 
illustrious  champion  of  the  South,  and 
the  peer  of  the  best  in  those  great  de- 
bates that  occurred  between  the  intel- 
lectual giants  that  graced  and  adorned 
the  chambers  of  our  National  Legis- 
lature little  after  the  medieval  period 
of  our  country’s  existence. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch,  the  Hon- 
orable William  A.  Courtenay,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  Feb.  4th,  1831  ; at  the 
age  of  14  he  went  into  business  with  a 
limited  education ; from  1850  to  1860 
he  carried  on  an  extensive  publish- 
ing and  book  selling  business,  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother,  in  Charles- 
ton, and  eagerly  availed  himself  of  the 
opportunities  of  reading,  which ' his 
surroundings  offered  him.  He  here 
formed  the  acquaintance  of  the  leading- 
professional  men  of  that  cultured  com- 
munity, and  profited  greatly  by  his 


42 


City  of  Charleston. 


intercourse  with  them.  October  1st, 
1SG0,  by  invitation,  he  assumed  the 
business  management  of  the  Mercury, 
and  gave  evidence  of  that  great  ca- 
pacity as  an  organizer  and  manager 
that  has  secured  to  him  such  abundant 
success  as  a business  man  and  a high 
civic  officer.  At  the  close  of  1861,  the 
sad  internecine  war  between  the  States 
occurring,  he  left  the  Mercury  and  en- 
tered the  Confederate  army,  and  served 
till  its  surrender,  in  1865.  Now  oc- 
curred an  epoch  that  shaped  his  entire 
future  life.  Finding  himself,  in  com- 
mon with  all  Southern  men,  destitute 
of  all  means,  and  all  the  industries  of 
his  State  paralyzed,  and  most  of  its 
property  destroyed,  he  adopted,  as  a 
temporary  means  of  subsistence,  a 
business  which  through  its  changes 
gave  direction  to  his  future  life.  The 
consequence  of  that  change  was  to 
divert  from  the  higher  fields  of  jour- 
nalism and  literature,  one  whose  nat- 
ural gifts,  unfaltering  application,  and 
laudable  ambition  would  have  made  a 
shining  light  in  these,  to  him,  Elysian 
fields.  What  journalism  and  literature 
have  lost,  commerce  has  gained.  As 
his  former  and  more  congenial  em- 
ployment was  not  yet  possible,  he 
commenced  driving  a wagon  for  freight 
through  the  desolated  regions  between 
Newberry  and  Orangeburg,  South 
Carolina,  a distance  of  eighty  miles ; 
this  was  the  only  transportation  pos- 
sible for  many  months.  With  the 
rebuilding  of  the  railroads  this  busi- 
ness disappeared.  In  the  spring  of 
1866,  Mr.  Courtenay  returned  to 
Charleston  and  turned  his  attention  to 
steamship  transportation,  which  adds 
immeasurably  to  the  value  of  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  South,  a large  share  of 
the  great  staples  of  this  section  passing 
through  this  city,  one  of  the  great 
commercial  centres  of  the  country ; 
he  had  much  to  do  with  the  inaugu- 
ration of  the  Clyde  Steamship  Lines,  of 
which  at  their  inception  he  became  and 
still  continues,  the  agent,  and  which, 
with  their  great  freight  facilities,  adds 
much  to  *he  business  and  importance 


of  Charleston,  the  finest  port  of  entry 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  than  which,  no 
city  suffered  more  during  the  war. 
Fires  were  frequent,  shot  and  shell 
had  done  their  ravaging  work ; fifty 
millions  had  sunk  to  less  than  twenty 
million. 

The  rule  of  the  military  and  the 
ignorant  had  further  unsettled  public 
and  private  affairs  ; the  city  debt  had 
greatly  increased.  In  1879,  the  pro- 
perty-owning and  industrial  citizens 
of  Charleston,  feeling  the  imperative 
necessity  of  thorough  reformation  in 
its  municipal  government,  and  great 
retrenchment  in  the  careless  and 
wasteful  expenditure  of  its  finances, 
entertaining  the  gravest  apprehen- 
sions of  the  city’s  future,  made  a vig- 
orous effort  to  change  the  then  exist- 
ing conditions,  selecting  as  their  stand- 
ard-bearer their  strongest,  most  pub- 
lic-spirited, and  popular  man  from  the 
best  class  of  its  citizens,  they  elected 
Mr.  Wm.  A.  Courtenay,  Mayor,  with 
an  excellent  Board  of  Aldermen. 
From  his  induction  in  office,  his  ener- 
gies have  been  continuously  directed 
to  securing  a thorough  reformation  of 
the  city’s  government,  to  the  improve- 
ment of  her  finances  and  of  her  streets, 
to  the  reduction  of  her  debt,  to  the 
building  up  her  credit,  increasing  not 
only  the  number,  but  also  the  efficien- 
cy of  the  public  schools,  for  the  educa- 
tion of  both  the  white  and  black  popu- 
lation, by  teaching  higher  branches 
than  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic, 
that  they  should  be  the  nursery,  not 
only  for  the  professional  and  business 
man,  but  for  the  artisan  and  mechanic, 
to  the  establishment  and  advancement 
of  those  great  facilities  for  higher  edu- 
cation which  Charleston  possesses. 
With  what  success  his  efforts  in  these 
directions  have  met,  the  following- 
facts  will  show.  The  debt  has  been 
materially  reduced.  Business  is  con- 
ducted in  all  departments  on  strictly 
economical  principles.  Miles  of  horse 
roadway  have  been  laid ; real  estate 
values  show  a marked  advance.  The 
annual  average  cost  of  the  city  gov- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


43 


eminent'  from  1870  to  1879  was  $800,- 
000,  while  since  1879  it  has  been 
$650,000.  City  securities  have  ad- 
vanced fifty  per  cent.  An  able  and 
eloquent  advocate  for  education,  he 
was  an  early  and  ardent  supporter  of 
the  Military  Academy  of  South  Caro- 
lina, which  was  reopened  in  Charles- 
ton, on  October  1st,  1882,  with  150 
cadets,  from  all  parts  of  the  State. 

The  High  School,  founded  in  1839, 
as  a training  school  to  business  and 
collegiate  life,  has  been  during  his 
administration,  removed  to  a commo- 
dious building,  with  an  acre  of  ground, 
in  a central  section  of  the  city,  and  the 
course  of  study  entirely  remodeled 
and  reorganized  ; physical  culture  is 
taught  regularly  in  a gymnasium,  that 
the  training  of  the  body  may  not  be 
neglected,  while  the  intellect  is  devel- 
oped. To  receive  the  pupil,  who  may 
desire  a liberal  education,  after  his 
course  at  the  High  School  is  finished, 
the  College  of  Charleston  stands  open. 
In  politics  Mr.  Courtenay  has  always 
been  a Democrat,  taking  a reasonably 
active  part  in  party  affairs,  and  advo- 
cating the  nomination  of  the  best  can- 
didates. By  nature  incapable  of  affil- 
iation with  any  clique,  or  ring,  his 
political  principles,  and  his  innate  in- 
tegrity, being  well  known,  selected  on 
account  thereof  as  the  reform  candi- 
date, to  conduct  the  municipal  canvass 
of  1879,  and  elected  without  any 
pledges,  or  obligations,  of  fealty  to 
bosses  or  cliques ; actuated  solely  with 
a desire  to  do  all  that  in  him  lie  for 
the  public  good,  he  inaugurated  a vig- 
orous, uncompromising  and  relentless 
warfare  against  the  abuses  which  had 
become  so  detrimental  to  the  public 
service,  and  which  had  weighed  so 
heavily  in  taxation  on  the  public.  The 
degree  of  success  with  which  his  re- 
form measures  have  met,  have,  in  what 
precedes,  been  only  partially  recapitu- 
lated. The  almost  universal  appre- 
ciation in  which  the  citizens  of  Charles- 
ton hold  his  beneficent  and  unparal- 
leledly  successful  services  in  their  be- 
half, is  evinced  by  the  unanimity  with 


which  he  was  but  recently  chosen  to 
succeed  himself  in  his  field  of  useful- 
ness. Personally,  Mr.  Courtenay  is 
possessed  of  those  qualities  of  mind 
and  heart  that  are  eminently  calcu- 
lated to  make  and  attach  friends ; of 
pleasing  presence,  genial,  frank,  out- 
spoken, and  liberal-minded,  he  is  uni- 
versally popular  in  the  city  and 
throughout  the  State,  where  true  de- 
votion like  his  is  never  unrecognized. 
Hitherto  his  time,  his  energy,  and  his 
talent,  with  almost  filial  devotion,  has 
been  dedicated  to  the  promotion  of  the 
welfare  and  interest  of  Charleston,  yet 
he  is  thought  of  in  the  broader  field 
of  national  life  ; and  now  in  his  prime 
and  vigorous  maturity,  the  future  will 
doubtless  yet  make  an  imperative  call 
upon  him  in  the  broader  field  of  State 
and  National  usefulness. 

THE  CLYDE  STEAM  LINES 
To  New  York  and  Philadelphia, 


Offer,  jointly,  semi-weekly  accom- 
modations for  all  shippers  of  Cotton, 
Rice,  Naval  Stores  and  Lumber,  des- 
tined for  foreign  or  domestic  ports. 

The  New  York  service  comprises 
the 

S.  S.  Delaware,  Capt.  Winnett, 

S.  S.  Gulf  Stream,  Capt.  Pennington. 

These  steamers  sail  every  Wednes- 
day and  make  close  connections  with 
first  class  lines  to  Liverpool,  Havre, 
Bremen,  Antwerp,  Reval  and  other 
European  ports.  Freight  for  the  New 
England  mills  also  promptly  for- 
warded. 

The  Philadelphia  service  comprises 
the 

S.  S.  Equator,  Capt.  Nelson, 

S.  S.  V irginia,  Capt.  Bears. 

Sailing  every  Thursday,  and  mak- 
ing connection  with  the  American 


44 


City  of  Charleston. 


Line  of  steamships  from  Philadelphia 
to  Liverpool,  and  the  Red  Star  Line 
from  Philadelphia  to  Antwerp.  Close 
attention  given  to  consignments  for 
New  England  points. 

For  further  information  apply  at 
the  office  of  the  Clyde  Lines,  No.  109 
East  Bay,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

W.  A.  COURTENAY,  Agent. 

Our  inter-State,  and  National  com- 
merce, during  these  many  years  of 
peace,  between  all  the  great  powers, 
has  attained  gigantic  proportions.  The 
intelligence,  capital  and  energies  of 
the  people,  being  turned  to  peaceful 
avocations,  and  to  the  development  of 
all  the  multiplied  and  varied  indus- 
tries of  our  advanced  civilization,  has 
added  so  largely  to  the  great  aggre- 
gate of  wealth  of  all  communities  and 
nations,  as  to  require,  in  these  pro- 
gressive times,  much  better  facilitie- 
for  its  transportation,  and  more  corns 
modious,  comfortable  and  expeditious 
means  of  passage  than  are  afforded  by 
the  old  style  sailing  vessels.  This  fact 
has  stimulated  men  of  great  enterprise, 
endowed  with  capacity  for  large  under- 
takings, to  build  and  equip  the  great 
ships  that  ply  between  distant  points 
on  our  ocean  and  inland  waters. 

Fourteen  years  ago  Messrs.  Clyde, 
of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  enter- 
ed the  Charleston  coastwise  trade, 
from  both  ports.  On  the  New  York 
line,  they  sailed  once  a week,  the  iron 
steamships  “ South  Carolina  ” and 
“ Tennessee,”  and  soon  after  added  the 
“ Georgia;”  these  were  all  larger  ships, 
than  had  ever  before  been  on  this 
route,  carrying  2500  to  2700  bales  of 
cotton,  and  at  once  made  the  port  of 
Charleston  prominent  in  the  coastwise 
trade.  This  line  commanded  the  most 
desirable  passenger  business  for  many 
years,  owing  to  the  state-rooms  all  be- 
ing on  deck,  and,  as  a consequence, 
more  cool  and  better  ventilated.  The 
present  steamships  are  the  “ Delaware,” 
a screw  steamship  of  3500  bales  ca- 
pacity, and  the  “ Gulf  Stream,”  of 
2200  bales ; the  business  now  is,  alto- 


gether in  freight,  of  which  a large 
amount  is  handled  every  week. 

On  the  Philadelphia  line,  freight 
steamships  are  altogether  used,  and 
the  line  is  run  with  great  regularity 
and  satisfaction.  Mr.  William  A. 
Courtenay  had  much  to  do  with  the 
inauguration  of.  these  lines,  and  has 
been  agent  from  the  first,  and  still 
continues  in  their  management.  This 
gentleman,  being  the  Mayor  of 
Charleston,  his  personal  sketch  will 
be  found,  at  the  head  of  its  public 
officers,  in  another  part  of  this  work. 
The  steamships  of  these  lines  do  their 
business  at  the  Union  Wharves  and 
Cotton  Press  Company,  where  there 
are  two  immense  hydraulic  cotton 
presses  and  storage  capacity  for  20,- 
000  bales  of  cotton.  This  is  the 
busiest  centre  in  Charleston.  All 
through  the  cotton  season,  and  for 
hours  every  day,  at  the  height  of  the 
crop  year,  the  streets  in  this  vicinity 
are  as  crowded  with  trucks  and  drays 
as  Broadway  in  New  York  is  with 
vehicles.  The  office  of  the  steamship 
company  is  at  No.  109  East  Bay,  an 
attractive  new  building  of  red  and 
buff  Philadelphia  pressed  brick,  the 
interior  handsomely  finished  and  most 
conveniently  appointed  ; the  employ- 
ees are  gentlemanly  and  most 
obliging.  All  along  the  water  front 
the  Clyde  Steamship  office  is  spoken 
of  as  the  most  obliging  business  office 
in  the  city. 

The  ships  of  these  lines  are  first- 
class  steamships,  modern  in  all  their 
appointments,  are  manned  exclusively 
by  experienced  seamen,  their  masters 
and  officers  having  been  selected  on 
account  of  years  of  faithful  service  to 
the  company,  in  which  their  efficiency 
and  fitness  for  their  respective  posi- 
tions have  been  amply  demonstrated. 
Under  the  able  management  of  the 
chief  executive  officer,  the  Hon.  Wm. 
A.  Courtenay,  with  its  liberal  and  gen- 
erous provision  of  the  best  facilities 
for  the  commercial  public,  with  its 
earnest  and  successful  endeavors  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  first-class 


45 


State  of  Soi 

carriers,  the  business  of  these  lines 
have  so  grown  in  magnitude  and  im- 
portance as  to  equal  that  of  any  steam 
navigation  company  sailing  its  ships 
from  the  ports  of  Charleston  and  New 
York. 

STANLAND  & DOWNING, 

Brokers  in  Naval  Stores  and  Gen- 
eral Merchandise. 

In  making  a review  of  the  individ- 
ual industries  of  the  great  mercantile, 
commercial  and  manufacturing  cen- 
tres of  our  country,  it  is  our  purpose 
to  give  their  merited  prominence  to 
that  class  of  houses  which  are  the  rep- 
resentative ones  in  each  special  line  of 
trade,  and  which  adds  most  to  the  rep- 
utation and  importance  of  the  city, 
State  and  section  of  country  where  lo- 
cated. Probably  the  largest  house; 
and  one  whose  name  and  good  fame 
extends  throughout  more  States,  than 
any  other  engaged  in  its  line  of  busi- 
ness in  Charleston,  or  in  the  South,  is 
that  of  Stanland  & Downing,  brokers 
and  commission  merchants  in  naval 
stores  and  general  merchandise,  whose 
local  house  is  at  No.  15  Vendue  Range. 
This  house  is  a branch  of  Paterson, 
Downing  & Co.,  of  New  York,  was  es- 
tablished in  1874,  by  A.  B.  Downing, 
and  T.  W.  Stanland,  and  immediately 
entered  upon  a career  of  usefulness  not 
exceeded  by  that  of  any  of  its  contem- 
poraries. 

The  amount  of  turpentine  and  rosin 
manufactured  in  the  Southern  States, 
excells  in  magnitude  that  of  any  king- 
dom or  country  in  the  world.  One  of 
the  finest  harbors  on  the  Atlantic  coast 
is  that  of  Charleston,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal centres  through  which  these  two 
of  the  staple  products  of  this  section  of 
our  country  passes,  in  their  transit  to 
the  buyers  of  these  articles  of  merchan- 
dise in  the  Northern  States,  and  in  the 
countries  beyond  the  sea. 

It  would  be  practically  impossible 
within  the  proper  limits  of  an  article 
Of  this  nature,  to  expect  anything  like 
justice  being  done  to  the  most  exten- 


h Carolina. 

sive  enterprise  of  the  kind,  not  only  in 
Charleston,  but  probably  than  any  in 
the  South.  That  this  house  has  done 
more  to  develope  and  build  up  the 
commercial  interest  of  the  Queen  City 
of  the  South,  cannot  be  questioned  by 
any  one  who  has  a knowledge  of  the 
wealth,  resources  and  material  interest 
of  this  great  business  centre.  The  fa- 
cilities which  this  house  has  for  the 
transaction  of  business,  and  the  bulk 
and  volume  of  merchandise  handled 
by  them,  is  not  equaled  by  any  in  this 
country.  They  export  the  commodi- 
ties handled  by  them  to  all  parts  of 
the  world. 

They  enjoy  every  known  facility  for 
the  business.  They  have  extensive 
wharves  on  the  river  front  and  un- 
equaled storage  capacity.  The  rosin 
handled  by  them  annually  will  aggre- 
gate about  200,000  barrels.  The  tur- 
pentine about  40,000  barrels.  Besides 
their  Charleston  house  they  have 
branch  houses  under  the  style  of 
Paterson,  Downing  & Co.,  at  Wil- 
mington,  North  Carolina,  Savannah 
and  Brunswick,  Ga.,  one  at  Mobile 
and  also  a connection  at  Montreal, 
Canada,  under  the  firm  name  and 
style  of  Wilson,  Paterson  & Co.  This 
house  exports  to  almost  every  part  of 
the  civilized  world,  their  principal 
outlets  being  Germany,  the  United 
Kingdoms,  Baltic  and  Austria.  They 
control  a large  and  widespread  trade, 
are  always  prompt,  earnest  and  suc- 
cessful in  their  ■ endeavors  to  meet 
their  demands  in  a satisfactory  man- 
ner. The  junior  founder  of  this 
house,  Mr.  Downing,  was  a native  of 
New  York,  and  died  in  1880,  the  busi- 
ness being  continued  under  the  same 
firm  name,  by  T.  W.  Stanland  and 
R.  W.  Paterson. 

The  senior  and  resident  partner  of 
this  house  at  Charleston,  Mr.  T.  W. 
Stanland,  is  a native  of  North  Caro- 
lina, and  is  one  of  the  most  genial  and 
social  of  men.  From  his  long  resi- 
dence and  large  and  extensive  busi- 
ness operations  in  our  midst,  he  is  so 
well  known  in  the  social  and  com- 


40 


City  of  Charleston. 


mercial  circles  of  Charleston,  as  to 
render  personal  comments  at  our 
hands  unnecessary.  In  conclusion, 
however,  we  will  say  that  his  business 
career  in  Charleston  has  been  marked 
by  an  annually  increasing  importance, 
and  in  the  extent  of  its  operations  it 
takes  a leading  position  among  the 
houses  engaged  in  its  line  of  trade  in 
this  or  any  other  country. 

CHARLESTON  MANUFACTUR’NG 
COMPANY. 

Cotton  Manufacturers.  Capital 
§500,000.  Capacity  271)00  Spin- 
dles. C.  Irvine  Walker,  Pres- 
ident. 

In  July,  1881,  some  of  Charleston’s 
most  substantial  and  enterprising  citi- 
zens, endowed  with  capacity  for  large 
undertakings,  after  careful  painstak- 
ing and  exhaustive  investigation  as  to 
the  feasibility  of  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  in  this  city,  organized  the 
Charleston  Manufacturing  Company, 
with  a capital  of  $500,000,  and  com- 
menced the  construction  of  a large, 
substantial  five  story  building,  100 
by  300  feet  in  dimension,  and  fully 
equipped  it  with  all  the  latest  and 
most  improved  machinery,  and  with 
every  known  facility  and  convenience 
of  this  industry.  The  first  floor  is 
utilized  for  conversion  of  the  cotton 
into  yarn,  having  five  thousand  spin- 
dles ; is  complete  and  perfect  in  all  its 
appointments  for  this  department  of 
the  manufacture.  The  second  floor  is 
devoted  to  the  weaving  of  cloth.  The 
third  floor  is  used  as  a carding  room. 
The  fourth  as  a spinning  room,  hav- 
ing ten  thousand  spindles,  which,  in 
order  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  their 
business,  they  are  about  to  increase  to 
fifteen  thousand.  The  factory  has  a 
capacity  of  twenty-seven  thousand. 
The  basement  is  used  as  a shipping 
and  packing  depot  and  machine  shop. 
The  machinery  is  driven  by  two  en- 
gines of  five  hundred  horse  power. 
The  difficulties  incident  to  the  suc- 
cessful organization  of  an  enterprise  | 


of  this  nature,  in  a section  far  remote 
from  any  similar  establishment,  (this 
being  the  pioneer  in  the  manufactur- 
ing industries  in  this  section  of  the 
South)  there  being  no  skilled  or  ex- 
perienced  mill  or  mechanical  labor 
available,  short  of  colonization  of  the 
same  from  the  Eastern  States,  the 
great  manufacturing  centre  of  this 
country,  so  prolific  in  ventures  of  this 
kind,  and  with  the  product  of  whose 
factories,  of  long-known  and  estab- 
lished reputation,  this  young  company 
has  to  compete,  it  being  well  on  in 
January,  1883,  before  the  machinery 
really  got  smoothly  under  way. 

The  several  departments  of  the  es- 
tablishment give  employment  to  four- 
hundred  and  fifty  hands,  who  are 
liberally  recompensed  for  their  labor, 
the  monthly  pay-roll  amounting  to 
several  thousands  of  dollars.  The 
product  of  this  factory  is  yarn,  sheet- 
ings, shirtings,  &c.  They  use  annually 
six  thousand  bales  of  cotton.  Their 
market  is  the  world,  their  principal 
shipping  centres  are  largely  Balti- 
more, Boston  and  New  York. 

The  goods  here  manufactured  have 
acquired  a high  standing  with  the 
trade  on  account  of  their  excellent 
quality  and  uniform  reliability. 
Wherever  introduced  they  become 
recognized  as  the  standard,  and  are  in 
general  demand,  where  an  excellent 
quality  is  required.  A large,  wide- 
spread and  lucrative  trade  has  been 
built  up,  whose  limits,  under  the  man- 
agement of  its  sagacious  and  far-seeing- 
officers  and  directors  are  constantly  ex- 
tending. 

The  establishment  of  this  factory  is 
a work  of  great  beneficence  and  en- 
titles its  founders  to  the  gratitude  and 
thanks  of  the  citizens  of  Charleston, 
for  the  courage,  the  public  spirit  and 
the  perseverance  of  its  officers  and 
stockholders.  Aside  from  the  many 
who  at  this  factory  are  receiving  in- 
struction of  incalculable  value,  it  is  one 
of  the  most  essential  of  our  manufac- 
turing industries,  opening  up  to  them 
a brighter  future,  there  is  yet  a larger 


48 


City  of  Charleston. 


number  who  are  directly  or  indirectly 
dependent  upon  them,  who  by  means 
of  its  establishment,  receive  their  sus- 
tenance, and  all  the  comforts  and 
luxuries  they  enjoy  in  life.  This  has 
been  the  first  step  in  this  direction  and 
the  most  important  and  potential  in 
its  effect  in  bettering  the  condition  of 
the  people,  and  in  advancing  the 
growth  and  material  wealth  of  Charles- 
ton. The  News  and  Courier,  the  most 
able  journal  and  most  earnest  advo- 
cate of  the  diversified  interest  of  the 
South,  was  the  first  to  utter  the 
watchword,  which  has  since  become 
the  shibboleth  of  the  friends  of  South- 
ern manufacturers,  “ Bring  the  mills 
to  the  cotton.” 

PELZER,  RODGERS  & CO., 

Cotton  Factors  & General  Agents 

of  the  Atlantic  Phosphate  Co. 

Francis  -J.  Pelzkr,  Francis  S. 
Rodgers.  W.  G.  Mucicenfuss,  T.  S. 
Inglesby,  F.  J.  Pelzer,  Jr. 

Among  the  varied,  extensive,  and 
growing  commercial  industries,  which 
exercise  an  important  influence  on  our 
general  trade,  add  as  much  to  Charles- 
ton’s material  wealth,  and  bear  the 
signs  of  continued  increase  and  pros- 
perity, none  occupy  a more  significant 
and  useful  station,  than  that  of  the 
cotton  factor.  Looking  in  detail  at 
the  varied  commercial  enterprises  of 
Charleston  we  will  see  that  the  trans- 
actions of  its  cotton  factors,  in  the  ag- 
gregate, involves  larger  capital,  em- 
ploys more  hands,  and  conduces  to 
more  traffic,  and  causes  more  money 
to  come  into  Charleston,  not  only  from 
the  Northern  and  Eastern  sections  of 
our  OAvn  Country,  but  also  from  the 
various  manufacturing  centres  of  the 


United  Kingdom,  and  the  continental 
countries,  than  any  other  single  pro- 
duct of  the  American  soil.  There  is 
but  little  doubt  that  the  city  of  Charles- 
ton, with  its  magnificent  harbor,  and 
the  great  railroad  facilities,  between 
it  and  the  almost  illimitable  acres  of 
cotton  growing  fields  contiguous,  and 
whose  crops  are  by  means  thereof  ex- 
peditiously, and  cheaply  accessible  to 
this  city,  is  destined  in  the  near  fu- 
ture, to  become  one  of  the  largest  ex- 
port harbors,  of  this  product  of  the 
Southern  soil,  of  any  in  the  country. 
Engaged  in  this  department  of  com- 
merce, we  find  the  well  and  widely 
known,  and  leading  house  of  Pelzer, 
Rodgers  & Co.,  cotton  merchants, 
whose  comfortably  furnished  office, 
and  convenient  and  well  lighted  sam- 
ple rooms,  are  located  at  Brown’s 
wharf.  This  establishment,  was  origi- 
nally founded  in  1850,  as  E.  H.  Rodg- 
ers & Co.,  and  was  succeeded,  in  1806, 
by  Pelzer,  Rodgers  & Co.,  Mr.  Muck- 
enfuss  forming  the  third  member. 
Mr.  T.  S.  Inglesby,  was  taken  into  the 
firm  in  1867,  and  F J.  Pelzer,  Jr.,  in 
1880.  This  house  has,  without  ex- 
ception, the  greatest  facilities,  and  con- 
trol and  handle  a larger  amount  of 
cotton  than  any  other  concern  in  South 
Carolina.  The  high  standing  and  well 
known  character  of  this  house,  for 
their  liberal  and  honorable  dealings 
with  the  growers  of  this  great  staple, 
their  ample  supplies  to  the  planters, 
while  raising  their  crops,  their  large  ac- 
quaintance with  the  manufacturers  of 
all  the  various  commodities  into 
which  it  is  wrought,  their  knowledge 
of  the  purchasers  of  this  product, 
whether  in  the  Northern  and  Eastern 
States  or  in  the  European  markets, 
their  great  storage  capacity  of  thirty 
thousand  bales,  their  great  wharfage 
facilities,  being  able  to  accommodate 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  vessels  at  a 
time,  have  secured  to  this  house,  the 
largest  trade  in  this  staple  of  any  house 
in  the  South,  handling  sixty  thousand 


49 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


bales  annually,  calling  into  requisi- 
tion the  services  of  ten  or  twelve 
clerks,  and  in  the  season,  from  fifty  to 
sixty  hands,  and  a number  of  drays. 
This  firm’s  transactions,  in  cotton 
alone,  amount  to  upwards  of  three  (3) 
millions  of  dollars  annually.  Besides 
this  immense  cotton  trade,  this  house 
handles  all  the  phosphate  fertilizers 
manufactured  by  the  Atlantic  Phos- 
phate Company,  of  which  Mr.  Pelzer, 
one  of  the  senior  partners,  is  President, 
and  Mr.  Rodgers,  the  other  senior,  is 


house  are  all  natives  of  Charleston, 
and  are  men  of  more  than  ordinary 
prominence,  the  senior  partners  hold- 
ing many  high  trusts  in  several  large 
corporations  and  companies,  discharg- 
ing the  arduous,  and  responsible  duties, 
of  their  several  positions,  with  credit 
to  themselves,  and  to  the  great  benefit 
and  advantage  of  their  constituents. 
Mr.  Pelzer  is  Harbor  Commissioner, 
Orphan  House  Commissioner,  and 
President  of  Union  Wharf  and  Cotton 
Press  Company ; is  also  President  of 


ATLANTIC  PHOSPHATE  WORKS. 


treasurer,  and  whose  works  have  as 
great  capacity  of  production,  as  any 
company  of  the  kind  in  South  Caroli- 
na, manufacture  thirty  thousand  tons 
annually  of  the  various  kinds  of  fer- 
tilizers that  are  peculiarly  adapted  to 
the  cotton  lands,  have  a standard  repu- 
tation, and  give  the  highest  results  in 
their  chemical  analysis.  This  com- 
pany employs  a hundred  hands,  have 
unsurpassed  facilities  at  their  works, 
the  character  of  their  product  is  such 
as  to  give  entire  satisfaction,  where 
used.  The  individual  members  of  this 


Charleston  Bagging  Factory,  and,  as 
before  stated,  of  the  above  named  Phos  - 
phate  Com  pany ; is  also  principal 
stockholder  of  a cotton  mill  called  Pel- 
zer’s  Mill,  located  at  Pelzer,  S.  C., 
which  affords  remunerative  employ- 
ment to  a number  of  laborers.  Mr. 
Rodgers  is  President  of  the  Electric 
Light  Company,  is  Director  in  Charles- 
ton Cotton  Exchange,  and  was  recent- 
ly elected,  unopposed,  to  represent  his 
ward  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and 
was  unanimously  chosen  to  the  re- 
sponsible position  of  chairman  of  Ways 


50 


City  of  Charleston. 


and  Means  Committee.  The  gentle- 
men composing  this  firm  are  so  well 
and  favorably  known,  have  so  long  oc- 
cupied positions  of  prominence,  in  the 
commercial,  mercantile,  manufactur- 
ing, and  political,  and  social  circles,  of 
Charleston,  that  personal  comment  at 
our  hand  would  be  superfluous. 

CHARLESTON  BAGGING  MANU- 
FACTURING CO. 

An  important  branch  of  industry, 
and  one  that  is  most  conducive  to  the 
growth  and  prosperity,  and  that  adds 
as  much  to  the  material  wealth  of 
Charleston,  as  any  manufacturing  es- 
tablishment in  the  city,  is  the  Charles- 
ton Bagging  Manufacturing  Company. 
A country’s  manufactures  are  its  life  ; 
alike  the  sustaining  power  of  the  mer- 
chant, and  artisan,  the  manufacturing 
interest  is  the  great  factor,  upon  which 
the  political  and  commercial  exist- 
ence of  a nation  depends.  Especially 
close  are  the  mercantile  and  manufac- 
turing interests  allied.  Greater  activ- 
ity, in  the  various  industrial' pursuits, 
produces  in  the  mercantile  organiza- 
tion of  a community  a change,  similar 
to  that  produced  in  the  political 
world,  by  an  extension  of  political 
rights  and  responsibilities.  A history 
of  special  industries,  which,  with  sim- 
ple uniformity  of  employments,  and 
mutual  dependence,  have  grown  to  be 
important  and  independent  factors,  in 
the  sum  total  of  a nation’s  prosperity, 
is  really,  the  history  of  the  growth  of 
that  nation.  A factory  erected  at  a 
cost  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars : giving  employment  to  hund- 
reds of  operatives,  and  manufacturing 
millions  of  yards  of  that  material  in 
which  all  of  the  great  staple  products 
of  the  South  is  baled,  cannot  fail  to 
have  great  weight  in  the  commercial 
circles  of  that  community,  where  it 
may  be  located.  Such  a one  is  the 
Charleston  Bagging  Manufacturing 
Company,  whose  office  is  located  at 
No.  50  East  Bay  street.  This  compa- 


ny was  organized  in  1878  ; the  area  of 
ground  covered  by  its  buildings  is  ex- 
tensive. One  mill  is  60x274  feet  in 
dimensions,  and  the  other  175x80  feet. 
These  are  provided  with  special  ma- 
chinery and  appliances  of  the  latest 
improved  designs.  Besides  these 
buildings  there  is  also  utilized  by  the 
company,  for  storage,  a three  story 
warehouse,  55x150  feet  in  dimensions. 
Their  facilities  are  unequalled,  their 
capacity  reaching'  the  enormous 
amount  of  five  millions  yards  annual- 
ly. The  capital  invested  in  this  enter- 
prise, is  three  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. The  operatives  finding  employ- 
ment here,  number  two  hundred  and 
fifty.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  two 
steam  engines  of  the  combined  power 
of  two  hundred  and  thirty-eight  horse. 
The  one  is  a Harris  Corliss,  and  the 
other  a Putnam  engine.  The  prepar- 
atory machinery  is  driven  by  the  Har- 
ris Corliss,  and  the  Putnam  is  used 
for  the  weaving  department. 

The  first  president  of  this  company 
was  Mr.  W.  P.  Hall ; a year  since,  the 
present  incumbent,  Mr.  F.  J.  Pelzer, 
succeeded  to  this  office.  Mr.  James  S. 
Murdoch,  its  secretary  and  treasurer, 
is  a man  of  extensive  business  experi- 
ence, endowed  with  capacity  for  large 
undertakings,  is  acting  manager,  tak- 
ing a prominent  part  in  the  councils, 
direction  and  management  of  this  en- 
terprise, so  gratifying  to  its  stockhold- 
ers as  a financial  venture,  so  flattering 
to  its  officers  and  directors,  for  the  tact 
and  sagacity,  displayed  in  the  conduct 
of  its  business,  and  so  beneficent  in  its 
results,  affording  remunerative  em- 
ployment to  hundreds  of  the  work- 
people of  the  Palmetto  City. 

SIMONS  & SIEGLING, 

Counsellors  and  Attorneys  at  Law, 

77  Broad  Street. 

Honorable  Rudolph  Siegling,  attor- 
ney and  counsellor  at  law,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  News  and  Courier  Company, 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  was  educated 
at  Charleston  College,  studied  law  with 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


51 


the  Honorable  T.  Y.  Simons,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  a general  term 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  held  at  Colum- 
bia, in  1861,  and  was,  on  motion,  in 
1865,  admitted  as  practitioner  to  the 
United  States  Courts.  Shortly  after 
his  admission,  was  taken  into  copart- 
nership with  his  preceptor,  which  con- 
tinued to  the  time  of  Mr.  Simons’ 
death,  in  1S78.  In  July,  1879,  formed 
a copartnership  with  Mr.  James  Sim- 
ons. He  is  a thoroughly  well  read 
lawyer,  is  a careful  painstaking  coun- 
sellor, holding  a high  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession. His  firm  are  solicitors  for  two 
of  the  largest,  and  most  important 
financial  institutions  in  the  State — the 
Germania  Savings  Bank  of  Charleston, 
and  the  Carolina  (German)  Mutual 
Insurance  Company.  They  are  also 
the  solicitors  of  the  Merchants’  Ex- 
change. Their  practice  is  large,  being- 
retained  on  the  part  of  plaintiff  or  de- 
fendant in  many  of  the  important  civil 
actions,  arising  within  their  judicial 
district.  No  man  in  Charleston,  has 
been  more  highly  honored  than  Mr. 
Siegling,  nor  has  any  had  greater  and 
more  responsible  public  trusts  bestow- 
ed upon  him  than  he.  No  person,  in 
this  city  has  filled  more  important 
political  positions  than  he,  discharg- 
ing the  duties  of  all  these  various 
trusts,  with  fidelity,  and  distinguished 
ability,  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction, 
and  to  the  advantage  and  credit  of  a 
wide-spread,  intelligent  and  discrimi- 
nating constituency.  In  1865  he  was 
elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  a 
member  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment, for  two  years.  In  1878  he  was 
elected,  for  a term  of  four  years,  to  the 
State  Senate,  as  representative  to  this 
branch  of  the  Legislature  from  Charles- 
ton County.  In  the  war  between  the 
States,  he  was  first  lieutenant  of  artil- 
lery, in  General  Lee’s  army  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  Virginia;  and  at  Second 
Manassas,  was  wounded  by  a shell,  car- 
rying away  a part  of  his  abdomen; 
unmindful  of  himself,  and  his  great 
suffering,  lying  on  his  back,  he  still 
gave  orders  to  those  under  his  com- 


mand. He  was  a delegate  to  the 
convention,  which  nominated  Wade 
Hampton,  for  Governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina in  1876 ; took  a prominent  part 
in  the  troublous  times  of  1876,  and  was 
for  several  years  General  of  the  Fourth 
Brigade ; is  a member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  for  the  County ; is  vice- 
president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Charleston  College,  and  supervisor  of-, 
the  High  School.  Mr.  Siegling  is  a 
genial,  courteous  and  cultured  man,  is 
possessed  of  those  traits  of  character, 
that  make  and  attach  friends ; is  able, 
progressive,  and  public-spirited ; is 
faithful  in  his  professional,  official,  and 
business  relations,  and  alike  blameless 
in  both  public,  and  private  life. 

JAMES  SIMONS, 

Speaker  of  the  LIouse. 

The  Honorable  James  Simons,  one 
of  the  best  known  lawyers  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born  in  this  city,  ac- 
quired his  preliminary  education,  at 
the  Charleston  schools,  and  at  South 
Carolina  College,  after  which,  and  be- 
fore the  war,  he  attended  the  Univer- 
sity of  Leipzig,  studying  law ; and  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  a general  term 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  held  at  Colum- 
bia, November,  1860.  The  war  be- 
tween the  States  breaking  out  shortly 
thereafter,  young  Simons  responded 
with  alacrity  to  the  call  to  arms.  He 
entered  the  service  as  1st  Lieutenant  of 
the  German  Volunteers,  Co.  IT,  of  the 
Infantry  Battalion,  of  Hampton’s  Le- 
gion— afterwards  an  artillery  compa- 
ny— served  through  Virginia,  attached 
to  Hood’s  Texas  Brigade,  of  Long- 
street’s  Corps.  The  war  over,  Mr. 
Simons  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  in  copartnership  with  his 
father,  who  was  well  known  in  the 
State,  and  at  Avhose  death,  in  1879, 
Mr.  Simons  formed  a copartnership 
with  Hon.  Rudolph  Siegling,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Simons  & Siegling, 
who  are  engaged  in  the  general  prac- 
tice of  their  profession.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  influential  men  in  the  coun- 


52  City  of  Charleston. 


try,  takes  an  active  interest  in  tire  pub- 
lic weal,  espousing  and  advocating 
with  earnestness,  whatever  measures 
he  believes  will  be  most  conducive  to 
the  public  good,  whatever  in  his  judg- 
ment, will  add  most  to  the  prosperity, 
and  increase  in  importance  the  city 
and  State  of  his  nativity.  Ide  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1878,  in 
1880,  and  again  in  1882,  and  this  last 
term  was  elected  Speaker,  which  posi- 
tion he  now  fills.  His  father  before 
him  was  Speaker  for  twelve  years. 

CHARLESTON  OIL  MANUFAC- 
TURING COMPANY. 

28  Broad  Street. 

John  S.  Fairly,  President. 

Arthur  Middleton,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

One  oi  the  most  prominent  among 
the  recently  established  enterprises, 
and  one  which  is  exerting  a most  im- 
portant influence,  in  adding  to  the  ma- 
terial wealth,  prosperity  and  growth 
of  this  city,  is  “ Charleston’s  Oil  Man- 
ufacturing Company.” 

The  reflective  and  sagacious  citizens 
of  this  place,  which  by  its  extraordi- 
nary natural  advantages,  is  capable 
of  being  made  one  of  the  greatest  bus- 
iness centres  of  the  country,  are  becom- 
ing cognizant  of  the  fact,  that  our 
manufacturing  establishments,  are 
among  the  most  important  factorss  in 
our  national  growth,  and  are  turning 
their  attention,  to  the  development  of 
these  industries,  for  which  Charleston 
and  its  vicinity,  possess  such  extraor- 
dinary facilities,  and  which  are  so 
beneficent  in  their  operation,  to  large 
numbers  of  its  laboring  classes,  in  giv- 
ing them  employment,  in  a more  re- 
munerative field  of  industry,  than 
that  in  which  they  had  hitherto  been 
engaged.  This  Company  was  organ- 
ized in  1881,  and  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  establishment  of  the 
kind  in  the  Atlantic  States.  Its  works 
are  located  four  miles  out  of  Charles- 
ton— its  plant  covers  an  area  of  four 
acres.  Its  mills  are  furnished  with  all 


the  latest  and  most  improved  machine- 
ry and  appliances,  and  is  completely 
equipped,  and  provided  with  every 
known  convenience,  including  illumi- 
nation by  electric  light,  and  separating 
apparatus  patented  Jan.  7. 1884,  by  the 
President,  which  surpasses  any  other 
invention  for  simplicity  and  efficiency 
of  operation,  yet  introduced. 

They  give  employment  to  fifty 
hands.  They  have  a capacity  of  fifty 
tons,  daily.  The  product  of  their 
manufacture  being  Cotton  Seed  Oil, 
and  Cake,  and  Meal.  Their  meal  has, 
a standard  reputation  all  over  the 
country,  and  that  the  highest,  being 
recognized  as  the  “ Ne  plus  ultra,” 
wherever  in  the  wide  domain  of  civil- 
ization this  article  is  used.  This  Com- 
pany has  unequaled  facilities,  not  only 
for  the  transmission  of  their  manufac- 
tures to  all  the  great  commercial  cen- 
tres of  the  United  States,  but  also  for 
its  importation  to  foreign  ports. 

They  have  abundant  water  trans- 
portation, and  can  accommodate  at  the 
wharf  on  Cooper  river,  the  largest 
ship  that  comes  into  Charleston. 
Their  switch  connects  with  all  railroads 
in  the  State.  Their  trade  is  large  and 
widespread,  and  very  much  the  largest 
and  most  important  in  money  value, 
and  territorial  extent  of  any  company 
engaged  in  the  same  line  of  business, 
in  the  Atlantic  States.  The  President 
of  this  Company,  Mr.  John  S.  Fairly, 
is  a native  of  Ireland,  came  to  this 
country  some  years  since,  but  retains 
fealty  to  the  land  of  bis  birth,  was 
formerly  engaged  in  the  jobbing  busi- 
ness, and  who,  seeing  and  appreciating 
the  great  advantages  which  this  local- 
ity offered  for  the  manufacture  of  these 
commodities,  with  bis  characteristic 
energy,  entered  upon  the  organization 
of  this  company.  He  is  a man  en- 
dowed with  great  business  capacity, 
extraordinary  executive  ability,  pro- 
gressive and  enterprising,  is  well 
known  and  highly  appreciated  in  this 
community,  for  his  liberality,  and  pub- 
lic spirit,  and  holds  a leading  position 
among  the  representative  men  in  the 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


53 


State.  Mr.  Arthur  Middleton,  its  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer,  is  a man  of  great 
business  experience,  is  possessed  of 
great  financial  ability,  and  is  eminent- 
ly fitted,  satisfactorily,  to  fill  the  re- 
sponsible positions  of  Secretary,  and 
Treasurer,  to  this  successful  business 
and  manufacturing  venture. 

With  such  officers  representing  the 
business  of  this  Company,  it  cannot 
fail  to  continue  its  brilliant  career  of 
success,  and  to  grow  in  importance 
each  receding  year. 

C.  BART  & CO., 

Importers  and  Wholesale  Deal- 
ers in  Foreign  Ann  Domestic 
Fruit,  Apples,  Oranges,  Bananas, 
Cocoanuts,  Lemons,  Peanuts,  Pine- 
apples, Potatoes,  Onions,  Cabba- 
ges. 

Prominent  among  the  many  large 
mercantile  establishments  in  Charles- 
ton, is  that  of  Messrs.  C.  Bart  & Co.,  im- 
porters and  wholesale  dealers  in  For- 
eign and  Domestic  fruit,  This  house 
was  established  thirty  years  ago,  by 
its  senior  member.  At  close  of  war 
this  house  was  re-established,  and  .Jno. 
Wirth  admitted  ; subsequently  chang- 
ed by  the  withdrawal  of  Wirth,  and 
the  admission  of  William  Bart,  his 
nephew,  as  partner,  and  on  his  death, 
H.  Bayer  and  H.  Steitz  were  taken  in, 
both  of  whom  withdrew,  and  his  son, 
C.  E.  Bart,  was  taken  in,  and  the  busi 
ness  was  continued  under  the  firm 
name  and  style  of  C.  Bart  & Co.  It  is 
the  leading  house  in  its  line  in  the  city 
of  Charleston,  and  probably  in  South 
Carolina,  carrying  the  largest  stock, 
having  the  best  facilities,  doing  the 
most  business,  and  employing  the 
greatest  number  of  hands,  of  any  sim- 
ilar establishment  in  the  Carolinas. 
The  premises  occupied  by  this  business 
are  located  at 'Nos.  55,  57  and  59  Mar- 
ket St.,  is  a two  story  building  65x140 
feet  in  dimensions,  is  spacious,  has 
every  facility  and  convenience,  and  is 
in  every  way  well  adapted  for  the 


expeditious  handling  of  the  perishable 
commodities  in  which  they  deal. 
Their  stock  consists  of  apples  from  all 
the  best  orchards  in  this  section  of  the 
country,  oranges  from  the  groves  of 
Florida,  and  imported  oranges  and  ba- 
nanas, cocoanuts,  lemons,  limes,  pea- 
nuts, and  all  the  various  kinds  of  for- 
eign nuts,  pineapples,  potatoes,  onions, 
cabbages,  and  all  the  various  domestic 
vegetables  dealt  in  by  houses  of  this 
kind.  They  are  the  largest  dealers  in 
cocoanuts  and  bananas,  of  any  house 
this  side  of  Baltimore.  They,  at  the 
seasons  for  the  receipt  of  their  sup- 
plies, employ  from  twenty-five  to  thir- 
ty hands,  and  call  into  requisition  the 
use  of  five  trucks.  The  general  stock 
in  this  establishment  is,  besides  being 
the  largest,  of  greater  variety  and  as- 
sortment than  that  to  be  found  in  any 
other  house  in  South  Carolina.  The 
business  is  exclusively  wholesale. 
They  control  a large,  widespread  cus- 
tom, and  are  prompt  and  earnest  in 
their  endeavors  to  meet  its  demands, 
in  a satisfactory  manner.  They  have 
patrons  from  all  over  the  United  States, 
the  greater  part  of  their  custom  com- 
ing, however,  from  the  West  and  South. 
The  senior  proprietor,  is  a native  of 
Baden,  came  to  this  country  forty 
years  ago,  resided  five  years  in  New 
York,  before  coming  to  Charleston. 
The  son  is  a native  of  this  city,  where, 
he  is  well  known  and  much  liked. 
The  members  of  the  firm  are  thor- 
oughgoing business  men,  prompt,  hon- 
orable and  reliable  in  their  transac- 
tions, and  enjoy  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all  who  have  dealings  with 
them. 

G.  L.  G.  COOK,  Photographer, 

281  King  Street. 

The  popular  photographer  of 
Charleston,  is  Mr.  G.  L.  G.  Cook,  who 
as  a photographic  artist,  has  achieved 
a standard  reputation ; his  pictures 
always  showing  a graceful,  easy  pose, 
a fidelity  to  nature,  and  a complete- 
ness of  finish,  not  always  obtained  by 


54 


City  of  Charleston. 


those  who  are  not  thorough  masters  of 
the  art.  This  business  was  established 
by  his  father,  Mr.  G.  S.  Cook,  in  1849, 
the  present  proprietor  having  suc- 
ceeded him  in  1880.  Mr.  Cook  is  a 
thorough  artist,  and  executes  all  kinds 
of  work,  from  the  carte  de  visite,  to  the 
imperial  cabinet  pictures,  which  are 
perfect  likenesses,  and  show  the  same 
care  and  perfection  of  finish  that  char- 
acterize all  his  efforts,  which  have 
made  him  celebrated,  and  have 
gained  for  him  a great  popularity  and 
patronage,  not  only  from  the  citizens 
of  Charleston,  but  from  throughout 
South  Carolina.  The  second  and 
third  floors  of  No.  281  King  street  are 
utilized  in  the  business.  The  gallery, 
reception,  and  operating  rooms  occupy 
the  second  floor,  and  are  neatly  and 
handsomely  fitted  up.  The  work 
rooms  occupy  the  third  floor.  The 
operating  room  is  supplied  with  every 
thing  requisite  to  the  business,  includ- 
ing backgrounds  of  landscape  scenery 
and  others,  which  lend  a charm  to  the 
picture.  Mr.  Cook  was  born  in  Geor- 
gia; has  resided  in  Charleston  since 
lie  was  one  year  old,  where  he  is  well- 
known  and  highly  esteemed,  and  mer- 
its the  excellent  patronage  lie  now  en- 
joys, and  which  steadily  increases, 
purely  upon  the  merits  of  his  work. 

HAYNE  & FICKEN, 

Counsellors  and  Attorneys  at  Law, 

No.  48  Broad  Street. 

Few  of  the  legal  profession  of  the 
State,  can  lay  claim  to  a greater  degree 
of  business  enterprise,  and  none  to 
more  fidelity  to  their  clients’  interests, 
than  the  firm  of  Hayne  & Ficken,  of 
48  Broad  street,  who  formed  this  part- 
nership July,  1876.  Mr.  Isaac  Hayne 
is  a native  of  Alabama,  and  came  to 
Carolina  at  the  early  age  qf  seven 
years.  ITe  graduated  with  disting- 
uished honors  from  S.  C.  College, 
in  1858,  and  studied  law  with  his 
father,  the  eminent  practitioner,  then 
Attorney-General  of  South  Carolina, 
whose  standing  and  position  in  the 


community,  was  assured  and  ac- 
knowledged by  all.  Mr.  Hayne,  Jr., 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1861.  He 
was  in  partnership  with  his  father 
from  ’66  till  ’76,  under  the  name  of 
Hayne  & Son ; and  in  July  of  the 
same  year,  formed  the  present  part- 
nership. During  the  war  he  served 
as  aid-de-camp  of  General  Chestnut. 
Mr.  John  F.  Ficken  was  born  and  bred 
in  Charleston,  and  graduated  with 
great  credit  from  Charleston  College, 
in  1861.  He  became  a student  in  the 
office  of  Mr.  Jno.  Phillips,  under 
whose  skillful  guidance  he  rapidly 
progressed,  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  ’66.  He  also  studied  two 
years  in  Germany,  and  practiced  his 
profession  alone  until  1876,  when  he 
formed  his  present  partnership.  He 
also  served  in  the  Confederate  forces. 
This  firm  receives  a very  large  share 
of  the  legal  business  of  the  State,  and 
perform  all  kinds  of  business  apper- 
taining to  the  profession,  acknowledg- 
ing deeds,  foreclosing  mortgages, 
searching  titles,  etc.  These  gentle- 
men have  secured  a rapidly  augment- 
ing patronage,  and  are  highly  es- 
teemed for  both  their  business  and 
social  qualities. 

COCHRAN  & ALEXANDER, 

Commission  Agents  for  Securities 
and  Real  Estate. 

Among  the  prominent  representa- 
tive business  men  of  Charleston,  there 
are  none  enjoying  in  a higher  degree 
the  consideration  of  the  citizens,  than 
the  firm  of  Cochran  & Alexander,  the 
popular  commission  agents  for  securi- 
ties and  real  estate,  who  are  located  at 
No.  26  Broad  street, 

They  give  their  special  attention  to 
buying,  selling,  and  exchanging  real 
estate,  farm  lands,  and  other  proper- 
ties, also  to  renting  and  leasing  them. 
They  are  also  brokers  and  auctioneers, 
and  handle  stocks  and  bonds  on  New 
York,  and  conduct  a large  city  trade, 
and  also  in  Northern  cities. 

Both  gentlemen  of  the  firm  are  na- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


55 


live  Charlestonians,  and  both  were 
hank  officers  before  the  war. 

Messrs.  Cochran  & Alexander,  are 
gentlemen  well  known  to  the  citizens, 
and  enjoy  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  all  who  deal  with  them.  They  will 
always  he  found  prompt  and  honor- 
able in  their  business  transactions,  and 
are  among  the  recognized  liberal  citi- 
zens of  Charleston. 

WANDO  PHOSPHATE  COMPANY. 

Office,  Exchange  Street,  rear  cf 

Postoffice. 

Solomon  asserts  that  he  who  makes 
two  blades  of  grass  grow  where  hut 
one  grew  before,  is  the  greatest  possi- 
ble benefactor  to  his  kind.  The  almost 
illimitable  cotton  fields  of  South  and 


power  of  production.  These  consider- 
ations, coupled  with  the  timely  dis- 
covery of  beds  of  large  phosphate  de- 
posits, led  to  the  establishment,  in 
1868,  of  the  Wando  Mining  and  Man- 
ufacturing Company  of  Charleston,  S. 
C.,  for  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers, 
acid  phosphate,  dissolved  bone,  ash 
element  and  ground  phosphate  rock, 
and  subsequently  sulphuric  acid.  This 
enterprising, progressive  company,  also 
deal  heavily  in  crude  phosphate  rock, 
German  Kainit,  calcined  marl,  and 
fertilizers’  supplies  generally.  The 
facilities  enjoyed  by  this  company,  for 
the  manufacture  of  these  products,  are 
fully  equal  to  the  best  enjoyed  by  any 
other  establishment,  engaged  in  that 
line  of  business,  in  this  country.  Its 
capital  is  $100,000  ; the  works,  are  five 


STORING  AND  SHIPPING  SHEDS.  FACTORY.  SULPHURIC  ACID  WORKS. 

Works  of  WANDO  PHOSPHATE  COMPANY,  Near  CLarleston,  S.  C. 


North  Carolina,  the  exhaustive  nature 
of  this  crop  to  the  soil  on  which  it  is 
grown,  and  the  inadequacy  of  the  or- 
dinary fertilizers,  and  the  impractica- 
bility of  their  importation  in  sufficient 
quantities  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  rapidly  increasing  population 
cf  these  growing  States,  demanded 
some  other  and  more  expeditious  me- 
thod of  recuperating  the  productive 
capacity  of  the  soil,  so  heavily  taxed 
in  growing  this  crop,  than  that  of  let- 
ting their  broad  acres  lay  idle,  until 
by  years  of  rest  from  cultivation,  and 
the  gradual  accretions  from  nature, 
they  should  have  resuscitated  their 


miles,  up  the  Ashley  River ; they  give 
employment,  at  them  to  one  hundred 
men,  and  turn  out,  twelve  thousand 
tons  annually ; they  are  also  heavy 
importers  of  Kainit,  and  use  the  La- 
cop  pulverizer,  besides  the  burr-stone 
mills.  Their  mines  are  three  miles 
from  the  factory,  where  they  also  give 
employment,  to  one  hundred  hands. 
They  have  full  shipping  facilities  by 
rail  and  water.  They  make  special 
brands,  to  order.  The  goods  of  the 
company  have  always  given  the  high- 
est analytical  results,  and  greatest 
amount  of  satisfaction  to  the  farmers 
who  have  used  them. 


City  of  Charleston. 


The  success  of  this  enterprise,  is 
another  evidence,  of  what  may  be  ac- 
complished, by  persistent  endeavors, 
skill,  energy,  and  systematic  manage- 
ment, combined  with  the  great  natu- 
ral facilities,  they  possess,  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  their  products.  The  origi- 
nators, of  this  venture,  were  led  to  the 
formation  of  this  establishment,  to 
supply  a home  trade,  but  whose  busi- 
ness, has  been  managed,  with  such 
tact,  and  ability,  by  its  executive  offi- 
cers, that  it  has  attained,  such  propor- 
tions, as  entitles  the  Wando  Phos- 
phate Company,  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  to  be  ranked,  among  the 
foremost  manufacturers,  in  their  line, 
in  this  country. 

Francis  13.  Flacker,  the  president,  of 
this  company,  is  a man  of  tact,  energy, 
and  great  executive  ability,  took  an 
active  part,  in  the  formation  of  the 
company,  and  has  been  one  of  its 
chief  officers,  and  most  active  mana- 
gers, from  its  inception,  first  as  treas- 
urer, and  since  as  president.  He  took 
an  active  part  in,  and  served  through 
the  whole  civil  war  on  the  Confederate 
side.  Josiah  Brown,  its  treasurer,  is  a 
thoroughgoing  business  man,  is  pos- 
sessed of  fine  financial  ability,  is  a man 
of  inflexible  integrity,  has  filled  this 
responsible  position,  for  two  years,  to 
the  perfect  satisfaction  of  its  stock- 
holders, he  also  is  a native  of  Charles- 
ton, and  in  the  war,  between  the  States, 
was  with  Hagood’s  brigade,  in  Vir- 
ginia. Louis  IT.  Chisolm,  its  travel- 
ling agent,  has  been  with  this  com- 
pany, for  the  last  six  years;  he  is 
possessed  in  an  eminent  degree  of  those 
qualities,  requisite  in  a good  salesman, 
and  procures  orders,  to  such  an  extent, 
as  to  tax  to  their  full  capacity,  the 
works  of  this  company,  to  meet  the 
demands,  for  their  goods.  Fie  was 
born  in  Charleston.  Thomas  IT.  Dot- 
terel’, its  superintendent,  is  a native  of 
Charleston,  has  been  connected  with 
these  works,  since  their  establishment, 
has  a thorough  practical  knowledge,  of 
all  the  various  processes,  of  manufac- 


ture, thoroughly  understands  every 
detail  of  this  branch  of  the  business. 

WAYNE  & VON  KOLNITZ, 
Commission  Merchants  for  the 
sale  of  Provisions  and  Produce. 
Prominent  among  the  leading 
houses,  and  one  representing  a large 
interest  in  this  line  of  business  in 
Charleston,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Wayne 
& AY>n  Kolnitz,  commission  mer- 
chants for  the  sale  of  provisions  and 
produce,  whose  office  and  store  are  lo- 
cated at  No.  196  East  Bay,  and  27 
Vendue  Range;  having  smoke  and 
packing  houses  corner  of  Inspection 
and  Marsh  streets.  The  premises  oc- 
cupied by  them  are  large  ; their  office 
and  warehouse  is  a three  story  brick 
building,  40  by  60  feet  in  dimensions, 
every  foot  of  which  is  utilized  in  the 
business,  and  which  is  fitted  up  and 
admirably  adapted  for  the  expeditious 
dispatch  of  their  growing  engage- 
ments. They  have  unsurpassed  facil- 
ities for  packing  and  smoking  meats, 
curing  hams,  &c.  They  give  employ- 
ment to  eight  hands.  Only  the  best 
class  of  stock  is  handled  by  them,  and 
great  care  and  attention  is  given  the 
meat  through  all  the  stages,  while  be- 
ing prepared  for  the  market.  Their 
trade  is  wholesale,  and  a large  demand 
is  supplied  throughout  the  city.  The 
business  was  established  by  the  pres- 
ent firm  in  1874,  and  from  that  time 
has  been  steadily  growing,  and  now 
ranks  among  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
the  State.  They  are  recognized  as 
among  the  most  solid  and  reliable 
business  men  in  the  city ; never  make 
any  speculative  ventures,  and  are  gov- 
erned in  all  their  transactions,  by  wise 
and  judicious  mercantile  principles. 
This  enterprising  house  ,own  some  five 
thousand  acres  of  phosphate  lands. 
The  individual  members  of  this  firm, 
Mr.  D.  G.  J.  Wayne,  and  Mr.  G.  F. 
AffinKolnitz,  are  both  natives  of 
Charleston,  where  they  have  ever  held 
a high  social  position,  and  have  been 
recognized  as  among  her  most  staunch, 
reliable,  and  progressive  merchants. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


57 


WULBERN  & PIEPER. 

Wholesale  Grocers,  and  Dealers 

in  Provisions,  Liquors,  Tobacco,- 

Etc. 

One  of  the  leading  representative 
houses,  and  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  in  Charleston,  is  that  of  Messrs. 
Wulbern  & Pieper,  wholesale  grocers, 
and  dealers  in  provisions,  liquors,  to- 
bacco, &c. 

Their  establishment  is  located  at 
Nos.  167  and  169  East  Bay.  This  busi- 
ness was  established  about  thirty-five 
years  ago,  under  the  firm  name  and 
style  of  H.  Bischoff  & Co.,  the  above 
named  gentlemen  being  members  of 
that  firm,  from  which  they  retired  in 
1877,  and  founded  their  present  house 
at  the  above  mentioned  location.  The 
premises  are  extensive,  being  50x250, 
feet  in  dimensions  and  two  stories  in 
height,  all  of  which  is  utilized  in 
their  business,  besides  a warehouse 
on  the  Range.  The  stock  carried 
is  immense,  embracing  both  staple 
and  fancy  groceries,  hermetically 
sealed  goods,  and  provisions  of  all 
kinds,  the  best  brands  of  family  flour, 
choice  teas  from  China,  and  Japan,  fra- 
grant coffees  from  Mocha,  Java,  and 
South  America,  a large  and  choice 
selection  of  fine  old  wines  and  liquors, 
and  all  the  various  grades  of  tobaccos, 
Ac.,  and  which  are  supplied  to  the 
trade  at  the  lowest  New  York  City 
prices.  Their  trade  is  large  and  wide- 
spread, extends  throughout  South  and 
North  Carolina,  and  have  every  facili- 
ty for  the  transaction  of  their  large 
business.  Their  annual  sales,  aggre- 
gate many  hundred  thousands  of  dol- 
lars. The  gentlemen  composing  this 
firm,  are  both  natives  of  Germany,  and 
came  to  this  country  when  boys.  They 
are  esteemed  and  public-spirited  citi- 
zens, doing  faithful  and  acceptable 
public  service,  for  the  city  and  State  of 
their  adoption,  Mr.  Wulbern  being 
Alderman  of  the  9th  Ward,  and  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  the  Poor.  Mr. 
Pieper  is  trustee  of  several  State  insti- 
tutions. They  are  active,  enterprising, 


progressive  merchants,  with  long  ex- 
perience in,  and  thorough  knowledge 
of,  every  detail  in  their  line  of  busi- 
ness. They  are  prompt  and  reliable 
dealers,  and  their  house  is  so  managed 
and  conducted,  as  to  be  a credit  to  its 
proprietors,  and  a benefit  to  the  com- 
mercial and  mercantile  interests,  of 
Charleston. 

A.  NORDEN  & CO., 

Cotton  Merchants  and  Exporters. 

There  are  but  few  cities  in  the  coun- 
try, to  which  larger  quantities  of  the 
great  staple  product  ot  the  South  is 
drawn,  but  few  ports  on  the  Atlantic 
coast,  from  which  a greater  number  of 
bales  are  shipped,  to  different  parts  of 
our  own  country,  and  no  house  in  this 
city  or  indeed  in  the  Southern  States, 
do  a larger  export  business  in  this  ar- 
ticle of  extensive  world  wide  merchan- 
dize than  that  of  A.  Nordeii  & Co.  This 
establishment  wras  founded  in  .1873, 
and  from  its  inception,  took  a promi- 
nent position  in  the  foremost  rank  in 
the  United  States,  of  exporters  of  cot- 
ton. Composed  as  this  firm  is  of  gen- 
tlemen of  large,  wide  and  extended  ac- 
quaintance, in  the  manufacturing  cen- 
tres of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  in 
other  European  countries,  being  saga- 
cious business  men,  and  having  a 
knowledge  of  all  the  growers  of  any 
considerable  amount,  of  this  most  ex- 
tensively exported  and  universally 
used,  of  all  the  staples  of  this  or  any 
other  country,  possessing  in  an  unlim- 
ited degree,  the  confidence  of  the  pro- 
ducers, and  havipg  other  unequalled 
facilities,  such  as  large  means,  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  all  the 
details  of  the  business,  their  tho- 
roughly established  reputation,  both 
with  the  producer,  and  the  manu- 
facturers, and  other  purchasers,  has  at- 
tracted to  this  house,  as  large  if  not  the 
largest  trade  as  that  of  any  house  in 
the  country  in  its  line  of  business. 
This  enterprising  firm,  have  beside 
their  house  in  this  city,  branch  houses 


58 


City  of  Charleston. 


in  three  other  of  the  important  sea- 
ports of  the  South,  one  at  Savannah, 
one  at  Galveston,  and  one  at  New  Or- 
leans, this  last  was  established  five 
years  ago,  and  is  presided  over  by  the 
capable  and  efficient  Junior  partner  C. 
Wernicke.  Their  office  and  well- 
lighted  sample  room,  in  the  Charles- 
ton house,  is  located  at  the  North  At- 
lantic Wharf,  the  immense  quantity 
of  goods  handled  by  them  here,  call 
into  requisition  the  services  of  twenty 
assistants  in  the  way  of  clerks  and 
porters.  They  handle  from  fifty  to 
sixty  thousand  bales  annually,  their 
advances  to  consignors,  and  their  sales 
aggregating  nearly  two  millions  of 
dollars.  Mr.  Norden,  the  senior  part- 
ner, is  a native  of  Prussia,  came  to 
this  country  sixteen  years  ago,  is  re- 
cognized as  one  of  the  most  staunch, 
solid  and  reliable  merchants  in  South 
Carolina,  occupying  an  enviable  posi- 
tion in  its  business  and  social  circles, 
and  has  by  his  indomitable  energy, 
and  his  progressiveness  in  business 
enterprise,  contributed  as  much  to  the 
growth  and  importance  of  Charleston, 
as  one  of  the  great  Atlantic  seaports, 
probably  as  any  other  merchant  in 
this  city. 

J.  Id.  E.  STELLING. 

Fine  Steam  Printing,  Stationery 
and  Blank  Books. 

An  excellent  establishment,  wherein 
the  “ art  preservative  of  arts,”  is  suc- 
cessfully prosecuted,  is  that  of  Mr.  J. 
H.  E.  Stelling,  No.  151  East  Bay. 

This  house  was  established  by  this 
gentleman  four  years  since.  The 
building  is  a large  three  story  brick 
one  25  x 80  feet  in  dimensions. — 
The  stock  carried  is  large,  has  a rep- 
resentative value  of  many  thousands 
of  dollars,-  and  comprises  as  large,  full 
and  complete  an  assortment  ot  sta- 
tionery and  blank  books  as  can  be 
found  in  any  house  in  South  Carolina. 
The  three  floors  of  this  building  are 
utilized  in  this  business.  The  first 


floor  is  taken  up  with  the  stationery 
department,  and  the  office  of  the  house. 
The  second  is  used  for  the  printing, 
and  is  fully  equipped  with  the  best 
cylinder  and  job  presses,  driven  by 
steam  ; types,  cuts,  rules,  borders,  and 
the  newest  styles  in  printing  materials 
generally.  The  third  is  used  for  book 
binding  and  ruling  department,  is  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  the  business,  hav- 
ing all  modern  tools  and  implements 
known  to  the  trade.  Twenty  to  thirty 
competent  hands  are  employed,  neat 
and  tasty  work  is  turned  out,  and 
prices  are  very  reasonable.  The  house 
utilizes  its  own  teams  in  the  business. 
Besides  this  mammoth  house  he  oc- 
cupies an  extensive  warehouse  for  the 
surplus  stock. 

Mr.  Stelling  has  unsurpassed  facili- 
ties for  this  business,  gives  his  patrons 
the  benefit  of  this  advantage  and  does 
a trade  extending  through  South 
Carolina,  North  Carolina,  Florida  and 
Georgia.  Mr.  Stelling,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  is  thoroughly  posted  in 
every  detail  of  his  business,  is  full  of 
enterprise  and  energy,  and  deserves 
to  be,  as  he  is,  liberally  sustained. 

WM.  BURMESTER  & CO., 

Dealers  in  Hay  and  Grain,  oppo- 
site Kerr’s  Wharf. 


The  demands  of  a city  like  Charles- 
ton for  staple  agricultural  products, 
such  as  hay,  grain,  etc.,  are  naturally 
considerable  ; and  when  are  added  the 
wants  of  her  contiguous  and  depend- 
ent territory,  some  idea  may  be 
formed  of  the  large  quantities  of  these 
goods,  which  are  handled  by  her 
wholesale  merchants.  Of  late  there 
have  been  established  some  large 
firms,  among  which  that  of  Win. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


59 


Burmester  & Co.,  takes  a prominent 
place.  Founded  in  1881,  it  already 
enjoys  a large  and  increasing  custom, 
its  trade  being  not  only  local,  but  ex- 
tending into  the  interior  of  the  State. 
The  premises  used  for  the  transaction 
of  business  consist  of  a spacious  three 
story  building,  65  feet  by  100,  utilized 
for  storage  and  office  purposes.  Mr. 
H.  W.  M.  Angermann,  who  is  the  sole 
partner  in  the  house,  operates  mainly 
in  hay  and  grain,  the  goods  being  ob- 
tained from  first  hands.  He  employs 
three  competent  hands,  to  assist  in  ful- 
filling the  many  large  engagements 
which  it  has.  The  proprietor  gives 
his  personal  attention  to  all  transac- 
tions, and  customers  may  with  confi- 
dence entrust  orders  to  his  care.  He 
is  a native  of  Florida,  and  since  his 
coming  to  Charleston,  in  1866,  has  es- 
tablished himself  as  a thoroughly  well 
balanced  business  man,  and  connec- 
tions with  him  will  be  found  pleasant, 
profitable  and  permanent. 

WELCH  & EASON, 

Dealers  in  Staple  and  Fancy  Gro- 
ceries. 

One  of  the  largest  and  best  stocked 
mercantile  establishments  in  Charles- 
ton is  that  of  Welch  & Eason,  whole- 
sale and  retail  dealers  in  staple  and 
fancy  goods  and  wines,  ales  and  liquors. 
The  premises,  centrally  located  at  127 
and  129  Meeting  St.,  are  large  and 
commodious,  consisting  of  a substan- 
tial three  story  brick  building  20x160 
feet  in  extent,  well  arranged  and  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  the  business.  The 
store  has  a large,  full  and  choice  stock 
of  family  groceries  of  every  description, 
fine  new  crop  teas  from  China  and 
Japan,  tropical  and  domestic  fruits,  a 
valuable  selection  of  canned  goods, 
spices,  condiments  and  table  delicacies 
and  fancy  groceries  of  every  kind  ; also 
an  assortment  of  rare  old  wines,  sher- 
ry, claret,  brandy  and  other  liquors  of 
the  best  brands,  and  ales  of  the  most 
celebrated  makers.  Those  old  wines,  1 


many  from  40  to  50  years  of  age,  are 
sold  to  the  best  families  in  the  city. 
In  general  it  may  be  said  that  there 
is  nothing  common,  coarse  or  inferior 
in  this  immense  establishment.  Their 
trade  is  second  to  no  house  in  this  line 
in  the  city,  and  calls  into  requisition 
services,  of  seven  competent  and  oblig- 
ing assistants,  and  three  delivery 
wagons.  The  house  was  established 
in  1877,  as  Mood  & Eason,  and  in  1880 
Mr.  W.  H.  Welch  took  the  former 
gentleman’s  place,  since  when  they 
have  enjoyed  an  increasing  patronage, 
not  only  from  the  city,  but  from  many 
families  in  the  lower  counties  of  the 
State.  Mr.  Welch  and  Mr.  L Eason, 
the  partners  of  the  firm,  are  natives  of 
Charleston,  and  are  therefore  widely 
known  as  valuable  members  of  social 
and  mercantile  circles.  The  former 
gentleman  served  four  years  in  Vir- 
ginia in  the  civil  war. 

GEO.  A.  THEN  HOLM  & SON. 

Prominent  among,  and  a representa- 
tive house,  in  its  line  of  business,  is 
that  of  Messrs.  George  A.  Trenholm  & 
Son,  located  at  No.  50  East  Bay.  This 
firm,  is  successor  to  the  following 
firms,  all  existing  before  the  war,  viz  : 
Trenholm  Bros.,  of  New  York,  John 
Fraser  & Co.,  of  Charleston,  cotton  ex- 
porters and  importers,  and  Fraser, 
Trenholm  & Co.,  of  Liverpool.  The 
predecessors,  of  the  subjects  of  this 
sketch,  the.  above  named  firms,,  were 
among  the  heaviest  operators-,  in  this 
line  of  merchandise,  in  the  States, 
each  of  them  doing  a business,  of  great 
magnitude,  the  firm  of  John  Eraser. & 
Co.,  being  probably  the  largest,  and 
most  extensive  dealers,  in.  their  line  in 
the  world.  Mr.  George  A.  Trenholm, 
who  was  a partner,  in  these  concerns, 
was  a member  of  Jefferson  Davis’  cab- 
inet, was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in 
the  Confederacy.  The  large  property, 
of  these  several  firms,  was  confiscated, 
by  the  United  States-  Government,  in, 
consequence  whereof,  they  wound  up 
their  business.  Early  in  1868,  neither 


00 


City  of  Charleston. 


disheartened,  nor  discouraged  by  the 
great  national  revulsion,  which  had 
been  so  particularly  disastrous,  to  him 
individually,  he  associating  with  him 
his  son,  W.  L.,  again  embarked  in 
business,  and  the  house  was  formed 
whose  name  heads  this  article.  Iiis 
native  ability,  his  long,  large  and 
varied  experience,  his  business  tact, 
and  sagacity,  enabled  him  in  a short 
space  of  time,  to  build  up,  a large,  and 
lucrative  business.  This  house,  does 
a general  commission  business,  chiefly 
in  fertilizers,  and  phosphate  rock. 
Their  trade,  is  large,  and  wide-spread. 
Their  facilities,  for  the  transaction,  of 
a large  business,  are  unsurpassed,  by 
any  other  house  in  Charleston.  In 
1870,  the  father  having  died,  the  sur- 
viving member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  W.  L. 
Trenholm,  took  into  copartnership, 
with  him,  Mr.  Paul  C.  Trenholm.  The 
individual  members  of  the  present 
firm,  W,  L.  & P.  C.,  are  both  natives 
of  Charleston,  were  both  in  the  war, 
between  the  States,  W.  L.  being  on 
duty,  in  Virginia,  and  Paul  C.  in 
Charleston.  These  gentlemen  are  life- 
long residents,  of  this  city,  and  are  too 
well  known,  to  require  personal  com- 
ments, at  our  hand,  we  take  pleasure 
however,  in  commending  the  house, 
and  its  products,  to  those  interested, 
with  the  assurance,  that  business  rela- 
tions, once  entered  into,  with  it,  will 
prove  of  the  most  satisfactory,  and  per- 
manent character. 

BANK  OF  CHARLESTON, 

National  Banking  Association. 


The  statements  made  from  time  to 
time  by  various  banking  institutions 
of  Charleston,  is  at  once  an  evidence 
of  their  solidity,  and  reflects  credit 
upon  their  management ; and  there 
are,  perhaps,  none  among  them  more 


intimately  connected  with  the  inter- 
terests  of  the  mercantile  and  commer- 
cial community,  or  has  had  a more 
prosperous  career,  than  the  Bank  of 
Charleston  National  Banking  Associ- 
ation, which  w'as  organized  under  the 
National  Banking  Act  in  1872.  The 
original  capital  was  $3,000,000,  which 
at  the  time  of  the  war  was  reduced  to 
$600,000,  and  again,  in  1875,  to 
$200,000.  Its  first  president  was  a 
Mr.  James  Hamilton;  second,  Ker 
Boyce;  third,  H.  W.  Conner ; fourth, 
A.  G.  Rose  ; fifth,  J.  K.  Sass ; sixth, 
C.  T.  Lowndes;  seventh,  in  1872,  A. 
S.  Johnson ; eighth,  1878,  W.  ,C.  . 
Courtney.  This  institution  succeeded 
in  1834,  to  the  building  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  the  United  States  Bank,  a 
large,  spacious,  substantial  two  story 
brick  and  cemented  structure,  located 
on  Broad  street.  Among  its  officers 
and  directors  will  be  found  men  more 
than  usually  prominent  in  their  sev-» 
eral  vocations,  and  largely  identified 
with  the  commercial,  mercantile,  and 
manufacturing  interests  of  Charleston, 
who  have  always  conducted  its  affairs 
upon  a sound,  safe,  and  conservative 
policy.  This  bank  has  a large  vault 
in  the  first  floor,  and  also  one  on  the 
second  floor.  Tts  cashier,  Mr.  Pringle, 
is  a native  of  Charleston  ; was  for  six 
years  prior  to  1872,  engaged  in  the 
dry  goods  trade.  In  that  year  he  be- 
came teller  in  this  bank,  and  in  1880, 
on  the  retirement  of  its  then  cashier, 
was  promoted  to  this  position.  He 
has  fulfilled  the  duties  of  that  respon- 
sible office  with  great  credit  to  himself 
and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  and 
great  benefit  of  its  stockholders.  He 
is  possessed  of  rare  financial  talent,  ex- 
cellent judgment  of  men,  and  is,  for 
that  position,  eminently  the  right  man 
in  the  right  place.  Mr.  W.  C.  Court- 
ney, the  present,  is  the  eighth  pres- 
ident of  this  institution,  and  has  oc- 
cupied this  position  since  1878.  Lie 
is  a native  of  Charleston;  until 
the  war  was  in  the  wholesale  jobbing- 
hardware  business ; after  the  war  was 
cotton  factor,  up  to  the  time  of  assuni- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


61 


ing  this  position  in  the  bank.  He  is 
one  of  the  most  widely  known  and 
prominent  of  the  public  men  in 
Charleston  ; commands  the  confidence, 
respect  and  esteem  of  the  community 
to  an  unlimited  degree ; occupies  a 
high  position  in  the  social  and  com- 
mercial circles  of  the  State,  and  poss- 
esses those  qualifications  that  em- 
inently fit  him  for  the  position  he  fills 
in  this  staunch,  reliable,  and  solid  old 
bank.  Under  the  management  of 
such  a board  of  directors  and  officers, 
it  is  not  difficult  to  understand  the 
success  of  the  bank ; a success  demon- 
strated by  its  large  line  of  deposit,  and 
.a  surplus  of  an  hundred  thousand 
dollars. 

. W.  C.  FORSYTHE  & SON. 

Dry  Goods,  Clothing,  Gents’  Fur- 
nishing Goods. 

Among  those  who  have  gained  great 
popularity,  and  success  in  their  line  of 
business  in  Charleston,  are  Mr.  W.  C. 
Forsythe  & Son,  dealers  in  dry  goods, 
clothing,  gents’  furnishing  goods,  etc. 
This  business  enterprise  Avas  estab- 
lished forty  years  ago,  by  Mr.  W.  C. 
Forsythe,  A\dio  admitted  his  son  into 
partnership  in  1878,  and  at  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1883,  Avas  succeeded 
by  his  son,  Mr.  S.  W.  Forsythe,  as  sole 
proprietor,  the  original  firm-name 
being  still  retained. 

This  establishment  enjoys  a large 
and  liberal  patronage  from  all  classes 
of  the  community,  and  it  is  not  diffi- 
cult to  perceive  that  the  affairs  of  this 
house  are  managed  with  ability,  as 
eATery  thing  about  the  establishment 
gNes  evidence  of  a thorough  familiarity 
Avith  every  branch  of  the  business. 
The  store  is  a very  fine  one,  large  and 
commodious,  45  feet  front,  with  a depth 
of  159  feet,  and  with  tAVO  stores  throAvn 
into  one ; one  side  devoted  to  dry 
goods,  and  the  other  to  clothing.  The 
first  floor  is  deAmted  to  retailing,  and 
the  second  to  piece  goods. 

A large  trade,  both  Avholesale,  and 


retail,  and  extending  OArer  the  whole 
State,  is  conducted,  a stock  of  over 
$40,000  being  utilized.  A force  of  a 
dozen  experienced  assistants  is  requi- 
site, in  waiting  on  customers,  and  fill- 
ing orders.  The  store  is  handsomely 
fitted  up  and  made  attractive  Avith  the 
long  counters  running  parallel,  which 
are  stocked  with  large  varieties  of  all 
kinds  and  descriptions  of  goods  be- 
longing to  the  dry  goods  trade  ; the 
stock  embracing  staple  and  fancy  dry 
goods,  both  foreign  and  domestic.  In 
the  large  assortment  can  be  found  dress 
silks,  AA'-oolens,  shawls,  cloaks,  dolmans, 
upholstery  goods,  linens,  fancy  goods, 
notions,  hosiery,  trimmings,  etc.,  a 
multiplicity  too  varied  to  enumerate. 
In  the  adjoining  store,  a large  stock  is 
kept  constantly,  of  a carefully  selected 
assortment,  of  all  the  Ararious  articles 
belonging  to  the  line  of  gents’  furnish- 
ing goods,  comprising  specialties  in 
collars,  cuffs,  neckAvear,  scarfs,  fine 
shirts,  and  underwear  ; which  are  not 
surpassed  in  the  city  for  quality  and 
price.  A specialty  is  made  of  the 
“ Diamond  shirt,”  of  which  this  house 
is  the  headquarters.  Mr.  Forsythe  is 
an  energetic,  business  man,  and  gHes 
his  personal  supervision  to  every  de- 
partment, and  the  reputation  of  the 
old  established  house  of  fort)'-  years 
standing  is  widely  and  favorably 
known  in  eveiy  section  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Forsythe  is  one  of  the  progressive 
men  of  Charleston,  and  is  closely 
identified  with  its  ad\Tancement  and 
prosperity. 

S.  LEWIS  SIMONS, 
Surveyor. 

A large  and  extensive  business  is 
carried  on  by  Mr.  S.  LeAvis  Simons, 
Avho  is  Avell  known  to  the  whole  com- 
munity in  this  vicinity.  He  is  spe- 
cially engaged  in  business  as  surveyor 
and  civil  engineer,  and  gives  his  at- 
tention to  surveying  in  all  its 
brances.  Levelling,  drafting,  compil- 
ing, etc.,  also  prospecting  for  phos- 
' pliates.  He  attends  par  icularly  to 


G2 


City  of  Charleston. 


surveys  in  any  part  of  the  country, 
and  upon  the  most  satisfactory  terms. 

Mr.  Simons  was  educated  at  Charles- 
ton College,  where  he  received  a first- 
class  education. 

He  was  for  two  years  with  the  firm 
of  Simons  & Howe,  succeeding  them 
in  April,  1880,  and  during  the  time  he 
has  been  in  business  has  met  with  a 
substantial  success.  He  possesses  the 
best  collection  of  S.  C.  land  papers  to 
be  found  anywhere,  some  dating  back 
over  two  hundred  years,  and  having 
recently  purchased  the  entire  collec- 
tion of  papers,  plats,  note  books,  etc., 
of  the  late  John  A.  Michel,  surveyor, 
and  also  the  entire  interest  in  the 
large  collection  from  Mr.  W.  B.  W. 
Howe,  Jr.,  has  greatly  increased  facili- 
ties for  land  surveying.  He  owns 
now  the  entire  papers,  plats,  etc.,  of 
the  following  surveyors:  John  Dia- 
mond, R.  K.  Payne,  R.  Q.  Pinckney, 
Wm.  Hume,  John  A.  Michel,  Simons 
& Howe,  together  with  a three-fourth 
interest  in  the  Purcell  & Parker  pa- 
pers and  a large  collection  of  various 
others,  and  has  special  facilities  for  re- 
locating old  lines.  He  has  altogether 
from  8,000  to  10,000  plats  in  the  col- 
lection. Mr.  Simons  employs  three 
skilled  assistants,  and  is  himself  a 
practical  business  man  in  the  profes- 
sion in  which  he  is  engaged,  and  will 
be  found  fair  and  honorable  in  his 
dealings  and  prompt  in  the  execution 
of  all  orders  entrusted  to  him.  Pie  is 
a gentleman  who  has  by  abilities  of  a 
high  order,  established  a large  and 
steadily  growing  trade.  He  is  es- 
teemed by  all  who  know  him  and  is 
highly  regarded  for  his  liberality  and 
public  spirit  as  a business  man  and 
citizen. 

MITCHELL  & SMITH, 
Attorneys  and  Cousellors  at  Law. 

Mr.  Julian  Mitchell,  of  the  firm  of 
Mitchell  & Smith,  attorneys  and  coun- 
sellors at  law,  was  born  at  Charleston, 
graduated  at  Charleston  College  in 
1855.  Read  law  at  Heidelberg  during 


1858  and  1859.  Was  appointed  and 
acted  as  Secretary  of  Legation,  at  St. 
Petersburg.  Served  in  the  war  be- 
tween the  States,  first  a staff  officer, 
with  General  Ripley,  then  with  Gen- 
eral Doles,  and  afterward  with  General 
Rhodes.  From  this  last  position  he 
was  detailed  for  special  service  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  to  South  Carolina, 
acting  therein  to  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807, 
and  became  a member  of  the  legal  firm 
of  Whaley,  Mitchell  & Clancy,  con- 
tinued this  connection  for  four  or  five 
years,  then  practiced  alone  for  some 
years,  and  in  1876  or  1877,  formed  a 
copartnership,  and  organized  the  firm 
of  Mitchell  & Smith,  attorneys,  &c., 
having  their  office  at  No.31  Broad  street. 

Mr.  Henry  A.  M.  Smith,  the  junior 
member  of  the  above  firm,  is  also  a 
native  of  Charleston,  where,  after  hav- 
ing received  his  primary  education, 
he  graduated  at  Charleston  College, 
read  law  in  the  office  of  Mr.  Edward 
McCrady,  a practitioner  of  large,  ex- 
tensive and  varied  practice,  and  was 
admitted  at  a general  term  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  in  1872,  remained  in  Mr. 
McCrady ’s  office  four  or  five  years, 
and  until  the  formation  of  the  present 
firm  in  1876  or  1877.  They  are  thor- 
oughly well  read  lawyers.  Do  a gen- 
eral practice  in  civil  business ; have 
pleasant,  comfortably  furnished  offices 
at  the  above  location.  rPhey  have  a 
large  and  valuable  library,  consisting 
of  the  State  reports,  and  the  standard 
authors  and  elementary  writers  on  the 
various  branches  of  this  abstruse  sci- 
ence, digests,  statutes,  &c.  They  are 
professionally  retained  in  some  of  the 
most  important  cases  in  this  city,  one 
of  the  largest  commercial  centers  of  the 
South,  and  the  metropolis  of  the  State. 

SMYTH  & ADGER, 
Factors  and  Commission  Merchants. 

The  rapid  development  made  in  the 
mercantile  and  commercial  industries 
of  Charleston,  is  a matter  of  rejoicing 
with  its  public  spirited  citizens,  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


63 


the  splendid  results  achieved  in  this 
line,  are  due  in  a great  measure,  to 
the  untiring  activity  and  enterprise  of 
her  cotton  factors  and  commission 
merchants.  Any  class  of  business  men 
might  be  spared  from  Charleston  to 
better  advantage  than  this.  It  is  by 
means  of  their  capital,  their  energy, 
and  enterprise  that  the  great  staple 
product  of  the  Southern  soil,  is  so 
largely  collected  in  this  city,  held  for 
a favorable  market  and  forwarded  to 
consumers  at  a much  less  cost  for 
handling  than  would  be  possible  un- 


careful and  immediate  attention  that 
is  given  to  all  consignments,  the 
promptness  with  which  sales  are  made, 
and  returns  forwarded,  has  won  for 
this  house  the  highest  reputation  in 
the  mercantile  and  commercial  com- 
munity of  South  Carolina.  Their 
business  transactions  will  aggregate 
many  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars annually. 

The  individual  members  of  the  firm 
are  J.  Adger  Smyth,  Andrew  M.  Adger 
and  F.  J,  Pelzer  special  partner.  They 
are  natives  of  Charleston,  and  their 


RESIDENCE  OF  F.  J.  PELZER,  ESQ.  SEE  PAGE  48. 


der  any  other  system.  Among  the 
reliable  and  enterprising  firms  engaged 
as  factors  and  cotton  commission  mer- 
chants in  this  city  is  that  of  Smyth  <& 
Adger,  located  on  North  Atlantic 
Wharf,  and  established  by  these  en- 
terprising gentlemen  in  1874.  The 
facilities,  which  this  house  has  for  the 
handling  of  this  product,  a liberal 
proportion  of  which  advantages  they 
share  with  their  patrons,  has  secured 
to  them  as  large  a clientage  probably 
as  any  similar  house  in  Charleston. 
Their  liberal  methods  of  dealing  with 
both  the  grower  and  the  consigner,  the 


house  having  been  before  the  public 
for  ten  years,  is  too  well  known  to  need 
commendation  at  our  hands.  In  con- 
clusion it  it  but  just  to  remark,  that 
the  success  which  has  followed  the 
business  career  of  Smyth  & Adger  is 
only  such  as  is  due  to  the  untiring 
energy  and  fair  dealing  which  have 
characterized  all  their  transactions. 
Mr.  J.  Adger  Smyth  is  one  of  Charles- 
ton’s most  public  spirited  citizens,  tak- 
ing an  active  interest  in  public  affairs, 
is  alderman  for  the  2d  -ward,  is  a pro- 
minent member  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity. Mr.  A.  M.  Adger  likewise  an 


64  City  of  Charleston. 


influential  member  of  the  community, 
is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Coo- 
saw  Mining  Company. 

HENRY  STEITZ, 

IMPORTER  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 
FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  FRUIT. 


One  of  the  largest  and  most  promi- 
nent mercantile  establishments  in 
Charleston,  and  one  that  adds  as 
much  probably  to  the  City’s  import- 
ance as  one  of  the  great  commercial 
centres  of  this  country,  is  that  of  Mr. 
Henry  Steitz,  importer  and  wholesale 
dealer  in  foreign  and  domestic  fruits, 
apples,  oranges,  bananas,  cocoanuts, 
lemons,  pineapples,  potatoes,  onions, 
peanuts,  cabbages,  &c.  This  exten- 
sive store  is  located  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  Meeting  and  Market  streets, 
and  is  one  of  the  newer  acquisitions 
to  the  business  interests  of  the  city, 
its  enterprising  founder  having  been 
from  1856  ’til  July  1883  partner  in 
the  house  of  Sebard  & Co.,  at  which 
date  he  entered  into  this  new  venture. 
It  has  rapidly  gained  a prominent 
position  in  the  front  rank  among  the 
substantial  houses  of  the  city,  the 
proprietor  bringing  to  bear  upon  its 
business,  sound  judgment,  tact  .and 
energy,  backed  by  experience  and 
ample  capital,  which  facts  have  en- 
abled him  to  attend  to  the  demands 
of  his  trade  and  to  draw  around  him 
the  large  and  extensive  patronage  he 
now  enjoys,  coming  from  throughout 
South  and  North  Carolina,  Georgia 
and  Florida.  He  is  assisted  by  eight 
competent  clerks,  and  utilizes  three 
teams  in  his  business.  Mr.  Steitz  is  a 


native  of  Hesse  Cassel,  came  to  the 
United  States  and  to  Charleston  in  Oc- 
tober, 1850,  has  been  an  eminently 
successful  man,  and  has  the  magnani- 
mity to  enjoy  life  in  a manner  com- 
mensurate with  his  means,  has  a fine 
residence,  and  a farm  within  the  city 
limits,  the  farm  covering  an  area 
equal  to  sixty-eight  city  lots.  He  is  a 
genial,  social  gentleman,  an  exem- 
plary and  esteemed  citizen,  and  is  one 
of  those  wide  awake,  active,  progress- 
ive merchants  who  is  a credit  to  the 
enterprise  of  the  city. 

THOMAS  P.  SMITH,  McIVER  & CO. 
Factors  and  Commission  Merchants. 


Prominent  among  the  cotton  fac- 
tors and  commission  merchants  of 
Charleston,  the  house  . of  Thomas  P. 
Smith,  Mclver  & Co.,  is  worthy  of 
special  mention.  This  house  was  es- 
tablished in  1870  by  the  two  senior 
members  of  the  present  firm,  who 
conducted  a large  and  lucrative  busi- 
ness, under  the  firm  name  and  style 
of  Thomas  P.  Smith,  down  to  the  year 
1877,  when  the  firm  was  strengthened 
and  a fresh  impetus  given  to  its  busi- 
ness by  the  accession  of  a son  of  each 
of  the  senior  proprietors,  and  the  for- 
mation of  the  present  firm  under  the 
name  Thomas  P.  Smith,  Mclver  & 
Co.  The  facilities  this  house  has  for 
the  transaction  of  this  line  of  busi- 
ness, their  liberal  method  of  dealing 
with  the  producers  of  this  staple  of 
the  South,  their  promptness  in  settling 
and  adjusting  and  closing  accounts, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


65 


lias  secured  to  it  the  handling  of  a 
large  quantity  of  the  staple  of  the 
country. 

Mr.  Thomas  P.  Smith,  the  senior 
proprietor,  was  born  at  Georgetown, 
and  before  the  war  was  in  the  dry 
goods  business,  as  a member  of  the 
firm  of  Naylor,  Smith  & Co.,  of 
Charleston.  The  other  senior  propri- 
pretor,  Mr.  George  W.  Mclver,  was 
born  in  Chesterfield  County,  and  up 
to  the  time  of  the  war,  was  there  en- 
gaged in  the  dry  goods  business.  They 
are  all  members  of  the  Cotton  Ex- 
change, and  are  recognized  as  among 
Charleston’s  leading  merchants. 

WM.  E.  HOLMES, 

Dealer  in  Oils  and  Painting 
Material. 

The  leading  house,  and  the  one 
representing  the  largest  interest  in 
this  line  of  business  in  Charleston 


ing  business  on  his  sole  account.  The 
premises  utilized  in  this  business  are 
spacious ; it  is  a three-story  building, 
with  cellar,  is  28x105  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, and  is  provided  with  every  con- 
venience for  the  successful  prosecu- 
tion of  its  extensive  trade.  He  carries 
a very  large  stock,  comprising  paints 
of  all  kinds,  in  quantities  to  suit,  in 
cans,  kegs,  barrels  or  by  the  pound  ; 
also  oils,  varnishes,  window  glass,  fur- 
niture polish,  machine  oil,  roof  paints, 
mixed  paints,  brushes  of  all  kinds,  and 
a full  and  general  assortment  of  that 
class  of  goods  denominated  painters’ 
supplies.  He  is  agent  for  leather  and 
rubber  belting,  steam  packing  &c.  The 
facilities  he  has  for  procuring  his  sup- 
plies enable  him  to  sell  his  goods  as 
low  as  the  lowest  and  yet  make  a good 
living  profit.  His  stock  is  from  man- 
ufacturers and  first  hands,  and  induce- 
ments can  be  had  at  this  establish- 
ment that  cannot  be  excelled  by  any 


is  that  of  William  E.  Holmes,  suc- 
cessor to  Holmes^  Calder  & Co., 
dealer  in  oils  and  painting  material, 
located  at  No.  203  East  Bay.  This 
house  was  established  in  1866  by 
the  last  named  firm,  who,  for  years, 
conducted  here  a large  and  lucrative 
business,  till  in  1876,  when  its  senior 
proprietor,  succeeding  to  the  interests 
of  the  junior  members  of  the  firm,  and 
has  since  conducted  a most  flourish- 


other  in  South  Carolina.  He  controls 
a large,  wide-spread  custom,  extending 
throughout  the  State.  He  gives  em- 
ployment to  five  clerks,  and  utilizes 
two  trucks  in  the  business.  He  is 
always  prompt  and  earnest  in  bis  en- 
deavors to  meet  customers’  demands  in 
a satisfactory  manner.  Mr.  Holmes  was 
born  in  Charleston,  is  one  of  its  repre- 
sentative merchants,  and  a liberal, 
public-spirited  citizen.  He  was  a 


66 


City  of  Charleston. 


member  of  the  25th  South  Carolina 
Regiment,  was  the  principle  part  of 
the  time  in  Virginia,  was  wounded  at 
Swift  Creek,  and  taken  prisoner  at 
Fort  Fischer. 

J.  L.  HONOUR  & CO., 

Resident  Agents  of  London  and 

Lancashire  Fire  Insurance  Co. 

No  lesson  has  been  more  forcibly 
impressed  upon  the  minds  of  property- 
holders  in  our  city,  by  the  great  fires, 
which  have  periodically  occurred,  than 
the  necessity  of  fully  insuring  in  reli- 
able companies.  Among  these  of 
Charleston  the  insurance  interest  is 
well  represented  by  J.  L.  Honour  & 
Co.,  the  resident  agents  of  the  Lon- 
don and  Lancashire  Fire  Insurance 
Company,  which  carries  valuable  in- 
surance in  every  town  and  village 
in  the  civilized  world,  and  which 
has  rode  unscathed  through  the 
most  disastrous  conflagrations,  has 
total  cash  assets  in  the  United  States 
$1,285,405.86,  (of  which  $1,177,787  is 
in  United  States  Registered  Bonds), 
less  $276,184  deposits  in  other  States 
excluded  under  New7  York  State  law, 
and  total  liabilities,  including  reserve 
for  unearned  premiums  and  all  claims 
under  New  York  law,  of  $617,261.90. 
The  net  premiums,  written  in  1882, 
amount  to  no  less  a sum  than  $1,024,- 
122,  while  the  profit  on  underwriting 
in  the  same  year  came  to  the  sum  of 
$82,140.  The  excess  of  income  over 
all  losses  incurred  and  expenditures 
paid  during  1882,  was  $119,439.  These 
figures  show  a stability  and  security 
unsurpassed,  if  equalled,  in  the  history 
of  fire  insurance.  The  value  of  such 
safety,  the  merchants  and  property- 
holders  of  Charleston  and  South  Caro- 
lina, over  which  the  agency  extends, 
have  not  been  slow  in  appreciating, 
and  have  readily,  to  a large  and  still 
increasing  extent,  availed  themselves 
of  the  services  of  this  honorable  firm, 
which  has  been  established  in  Charles- 
ton since  1867.  The  partners  of  the 


1 house  are  Mr.  J.  L.  and  Mr.  A.  M. 
Honour,  who,  by  reason  of  their  de- 
tailed knowledge  and  innate  expe- 
rience of  their  business,  have  engrafted 
themselves  into  the  complete  confi- 
dence of  the  mercantile  community, 
and  enjoy  the  esteem  of  the  public  as 
private  citizens.  The  senior  member, 
Mr.  J.  L.,  took  active  part  in  the  late 
civil  war,  and  as  a member  of  the  25th 
S.  C.  Regiment,  served  gallantly  on 
the  fields  of  Virginia  in  his  country’s 
cause. 

SALAS  & HALL, 

General  Commission  Merchants. 

In  one  of  the  great  commercial  cen- 
tres of  the  South,  in  a port,  the  finest 
on  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  and  through 
which  the  staple  production  of  the 
Southern  soil  passes,  in  getting  to  the 
mills  of  the  manufacturer  and  also 
where  is  received  the  varied  produce 
of  other  and  tropical  countries  to  be 
distributed  and  transported  to  the  con- 
suming centres  of  the  continent,  the 
vocation  of  the  general  commission 
merchant  is  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant in  the  line  of  commerce.  One  of 
the  oldest,  best  known  and  most 
popular  of  the  firms  doing  a commis- 
sion business  in  this  city  and  one 
which  holds  a prominent  place  not 
only  among  the  merchants  of  this 
country,  but  whose  name  has  been 
long  favorably  received  in  several  of 
the  other  commercial  markets  in  the 
world,  is  that  of  Salas  & Hall,  until 
lately  known  as  W.  P.  Hall  & Co., 
whose  office  is  conveniently  located  on 
Brown’s  Wharf  in  this  city.  This 
house  has  had  a continuous  existence 
since  1847,  when  it  was  founded  by 
II.  T.  & W.  P.  Hall.  In  ’51  the  name 
became  Hall  & Co.,  which  lasted  till 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  At  the 
conclusion  of  hostilities  Mr.  W.  P. 
Hall  continued  the  business  alone  till 
1876,  when  he  took  into  partnership 
Mr.  Francis  P.  Salas,  who  was  for  a 
long  time  his  confidential  employee, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


67 


having  been  connected  with  the  firm 
since  1853.  Under  the  new  partner- 
ship and  name  of  W.  P.  Hall  & Co. 
The  house  continued  its  prosperous 
career,  till  the  unerring  hand  of  death 
deprived  it  of  its  senior  partner  on  the 
28th  Sep.,  ’83.  On  the  10th  Novem- 
ber following,  the  present  firm  with  F. 
P.  Salas,  Tudor  T.  Hall,  and  Mrs. 
Susan  Hall,  special,  as  copartners,  was 
formed  to  carry  on  and  bring  to  still 
greater  pre-eminence  a business,  which 
stands  as  an  example  of  what  can  be 
acquired  by  industry,  close  attention  to 
ones  affairs,  enterprise,  fair  dealing  aud 
correct  methods  of  fulfilling  ones  en- 
gagements. In  cotton  alone  this  house 
handles  from  35  to  40,000  bales  in  the 
season,  most  of  which  immense  quan- 
tity is  exported  to  one  port,  that  of 
Barcelona,  Spain.  As  foreign  shipping 
merchants  they  also  export  among 
other  staples,  rice  and  naval  stores, 
and  as  importers  handle  large  quanti- 
ties of  sugar,  molasses  and  the  many 
other  products  of  the  fertile  soil  of  the 
West  Indies.  The  senior  member  of 
the  house,  Mr.  Francis  P.  Salas,  is  a 
native  of  Barcelona,  and  came  to  this 
country  the  same  year  as  he  entered 
the  employ  of  his  predecessors,  and 
during  his  long  residence  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Palmetto  City  has 
made  business  friends  and  gained  in 
social  circles  an  esteemed  and  envied 
name.  He  is  we  need  hardly  mention 
a member  of  the  Cotton  Exchange  and 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  as  a Di- 
rector of  the  Bank  of  Charleston  fulfils 
his  duties  with  his  usual  financial  abil- 
ity to  the  satisfaction  of  depositors  and 
shareholders.  The  younger  member 
of  the  firm  Mr.  T.  T.  Hall  is  a son 
of  IT.  T.  Hall,  one  of  the  original 
founders  of  the  house.  He  is  a 
native  of  Darien,  Ga,,  and  well  known 
in  mercantile  circles  as  an  energetic 
business  man  and  in  the  social  com- 
munity as  a gentleman.  Were  perfec- 
tion a possibility  or  advancement  not 
a consequence  of  success  we  could 
wish  for  this  house  no  higher  reputa- 
tion and  no  greater  degree  of  prosper- 


ity, than  has  attended  it  thro’  itsunany 
years  of  commercial  activity  and  while 
increasing  its  financial  transactions, 
we  are  assured,  that  Salas  & Hall  will 
stand  by  the  same  strict  and  honorable 
methods  of  doing  business  that  have 
characterized  this  house  from  its  ear- 
liest foundation. 

G.  W.  AIMAR  & CO. 


A most  reliable  house  established  in 
the  drug  business  in  this  city  is  that 
of  G.  W.  Aimar  & Co.,  which  was 
founded  in  1853,  by  G.  W.  Aimar, 
who  was  afterwards  joined  by  his  bro- 
ther, Mr.  C.  P.  Aimar,  the  firm  taking 
the  above  style  and  name.  Mr.  G.  W., 
dying  in  1876,  some  years  ago,  Mr.  C. 
P.  became  sole  active  proprietor  of  the 
business  and  continued  to  carry  it  on 
in  its  present  prosperous  condition, 
under  the  same  name.  The  store,  cen- 
trally located  on  the  corner  of  King 
and  Vanderhorst  sts  , has  a frontage  of 
50,  and  depth  of  60  ft.  Interiorly,  it 
is  handsomely  fitted  up  with  elegant- 
ly arranged  show-cases  and  counters, 
attractively  and  conveniently  adapted 
to  the  business.  In  the  rear  is  the 
laboratory,  where  the  various  celebrat- 
ed specialties  produced  by  the  house 
are  made ; among  these  that  have 
gained  popular  favor  we  may  mention 
Aimar ’s  Sarsaparilla,  Queen’s  Delight, 
Saracene  Bitters,  etc.,  also  his 
Preparation  of  Cologne  Water,  the 
truest  test  of  the  superior  quality  of 
which  is,  that  it  took  premiums  at  the 
S.  C.  Institute  in  ’56,  and  again  in  ’79 
at  the  fair  of  tire  Agricultural  Society 
of  S.  C.  The  stock  carried  is  extensive 
and  includes  a complete  line  of  drugs 
and  medicines  generally,  and  all  the 
latest  and  nicest  perfumery,  toilet'  and 


G8 


City  of  Charleston. 


fancy  articles,  and  a full  assortment  of 
surgical  instruments  of  best  makers. 
With  the  prescription  department,  Mr. 
Aimar  takes  special  care  in  compound- 
ing, and  to  have  the  finest  and  purest 
drugs,  thus  insuring  the  complete  con- 
fidence of  his  customers.  The  busi- 
ness, which  receives  the  patronage  of 
the  first  families  in  the  city,  necessi- 
tates the  employment  of  three  compe- 
tent and  obliging  assistants,  who 
promptly  attend  to  the  wants  of  cus- 
tomers. Mr.  Aimar  himself,  who  is  a 
courteous  and  agreeable  gentleman,  is 
a native  of  Charleston,  and  during  his 
life  has  won  the  respect  of  all  classes 
in  business  and  social  circles.  In  the 
profession,  he  holds  an  eminent  place 
as  member  of  the  American  Pharm. 
Society,  and  has  the  honor  of  being  a 
graduate  in  Pharmacy  of  the  S.  C. 
Medical  College.  He  is  ably  assisted 
by  his  nephew,  Thos.  A.  Aimar,  who 
has  been  connected  with  the  store  25 
years,  and  who  is  also  a graduate  of 
S.  C.  Medical  College,  and  by  A.  T. 
Berry,  has  been  employed  in  the 
store  some  24  years,  and  he  graduated 
in  Pharmacy  before  the  State  Exam- 
ining Board. 

HENRY  OLIVER, 

Builder. 

As  a first-class  contractor  and  build- 
er, Mr.  Henry  Oliver,  of  Charleston,  is 
a success,  having  constructed  some  of 
the  finest  buildings  in  the  city,  nota- 
ble among  which  is  that  of  Mr.  Poppen- 
heim,  on  the  west  side  of  King,  near 
Calhoun  street,  and  that  of  M.  Marks, 
on  the  east  side  of  King,  four  doors 
from  Calhoun,  and  many  other  of  the 
handsome  structures  to  be  found  in 
the  city,  owe  their  beauty  of  finish, 
symmetry  of  form  and  substantial 
build,  to  this  gentleman.  He  is  de- 
voted to  his  avocation  and  has  given 
it  many  years  of  study,  and  faithful 
application.  His  work  is  meritorious, 
ranking  with  the  best  produced,  and 
in  its  completeness  of  detail,  is  unsur- 


passed. He  has  a commodious  shop, 
fully  equipped  with  all  the  best,  most 
modern  appliances,  tools  and  imple- 
ments for  his  business  a force  of 
competent,  skilled  workmen.  Car- 
penter work  of  all  kinds  is  carefully 
and  skilfully  done,  plans  and  specifi- 
cations are  furnished  and  buildings 
are  erected,  in  the  most  approved  man- 
ner, of  the  best  materials,  and  at  the 
lowest  prices  consistent  with  good 
workmanship.  Jobbing  is  promptly 
attended  to,  and  estimates  for  build- 
ings of  all  kinds,  are  cheerfully  fur- 
nished. All  orders  receive  prompt 
attention,  and  satisfaction  is  guaran- 
teed in  every  particular.  He  estab- 
lished himself  in  this  business  in  1872. 
Mr.  Oliver  is  a native  of  Charleston,  is 
a progressive,  energetic  business  man, 
and  ranks  among  the  foremost  build- 
ers in  the  city. 

C.  D.  FRANKE, 

Dealer  in  Steel,  Iron,  Carriage, 
Wagon  and  Cart  Materials. 


One  of  the  largest, best  known, and  most 
popular,  mercantile  establishments,  in 
Charleston,  is  that  of  Mr.  C.  D.  Franke, 
the  only  exclusive  dealer,  in  the  South, 
in  Steel,  Iron,  Carriage,  Wagon  and 
Cart  Materials,  of  all  descriptions. 
This  business,  was  established,  by  this 
enterprising,  and  progressive  gentle- 
man, in  1872.  This  house,  is  located 
at  No.  157  Meeting  street,  opposite 
Charleston  Hotel,  is  a brick  building, 
20x130  feet  in  dimensions,  three  sto- 
ries in  height,  and  all  of  it  is  utilized, 
in  the  business.  The  stock  carried,  is 
immense,  having  a representative 
value,  of  many  thousands  of  dollars, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


69 


comprising  scrap,  and  bar  iron,  steel, 
boilers,  hubs,  spokes,  rims,  shafts, 
poles,  bodies,  bar,  band,  round,  square 
and  oval  irons,  spring,  plow,  and  cast 
steels,  Perkins’  horse  and  mule  shoes, 
horse  nails,  &c.  Among  the  multifa- 
rious articles,  in  which  this  house 
deals,  and  in  order  that  the  carriage 
maker,  wheelwright,  or  truck  and  cart 
builder,  may  not  be  subjected,  to  the 
inconvenience,  of  going  elsewhere,  for 
his  supplies,  they  will  here  find,  a large 
assortment,  of  axles,  springs,  filth 
wheels,  bolts,  screws,  rivets,  tacks,  &c., 
also,  malleable  castings,  and  carriage 
trimmings,  of  all  descriptions, 
enameled  cloths,  patent,  and 
enameled  leathers.  In  another 
department,  will  be  found,  harness, 
umbrellas,  whips,  &c.  He  also  deals, 
in  paints,  varnishes,  oils,  brushes,  &c., 
is  the  Agent  for  the  Centennial  Fan 
Blower,  tire  benders,  drills,  &c.  No 
material,  or  article  of  merchandise, 
that  enters  into,  or  that  is  used  in,  the 
construction,  of  a wheeled  vehicle,  or 
nothing,  that  is  essential  to  the  com- 
plete, and  perfect  equipment,  of  a sin- 
gle, or  double  team,  of  any  kind,  can 
be  thought  of,  that  cannot  be  here  pro- 
cured. His  trade,  is  large,  and  wide- 
spread, extends  throughout  South  and 
North  Carolina,  and  into  Georgia, 
and  Florida,  and  Alabama,  and  calls 
into  requisition,  the  services  of  six 
competent,  and  obliging  assistants. 
Mr.  Frank,  is  a native  of  Prussia,  came 
to  this  country  in  1852,  and  has  resid- 
ed in  Charleston,  a number  of  years, 
where  he  is  well  known,  and  much 
liked  ; he  is  a substantial  merchant,  a 
first-class  business  man,  a genial  pleas- 
ant gentleman,  prompt,  and  reliable, 
in  all  his  dealings.  His  house,  is  a 
desirable  one,  with  which  to  have  bus- 
iness relations. 

ALVIN  R.  THOMLINSON. 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  Sad- 
lery  Hardware,  etc.,  etc. 

A representative  house,  in  its  line 
of  business,  and  one  that  adds  to  the 


importance,  of  Charleston,  as  the  com- 
mercial centre,  of  the  State,  is  that  of 
Mr  Alvin  R,  Thomlinson,  manufac- 
turer of  saddles,  bridles,  harness,  &c., 
and  dealer  in  saddlery  hardware, 
leather,  &c.,  and  importer  of  English 
bits,  stirrups,  &c.  This  business,  was 
established  by  the  above  named  gen- 
tleman, in  1880.  The  premises,  occu- 
pied in  this  business,  is  a large,  three- 
story  brick  building,  25x210  feet  in 
dimensions,  is  thoroughly  equipped, 
with  all  the  necessary  implements,  and 
every  convenience,  known  to  the  trade, 
in  the  manufacturing  department,  of 
the  business.  Eighteen  hands,  find 
constant  employment,  in  making  the 
orders,  on  the  house.  Saddles,  bridles, 
and  harness*  in  endless  variety,  and  of 
all  degrees  of  finish,  made  of  the  best 
stock,  that  can  be  procured,  and  man- 
ufacured  by  the  most  skilled,  and  ex- 
perienced of  workmen,  is  constantly 
kept  on  hand,  manufactured  expressly, 
by  this  house  for  its  patrons.  It  en- 
joys unsurpassed  facilities,  for  the  pro- 
duction, of  its  supplies,  yet  the  de- 
mand, on  its  resources,  are  such,  that 
it  is  with  the  utmost  difficulty  that  it 
can  meet  them.  Saddlery  hardware, 
hand  forged,  and  malleable,  warranted 
hand  forged  bits,  and  stirrups,  of  for- 
eign and  domestic  manufacture,  and 
all  kinds  of  harness  leather,  and  sad- 
dlers, &c.,  harnessmakers,  hardware, 
and  supplies,  is  dealt  in,  largely  by 
this  house.  Nothing  can  be  thought 
of,  in  the  way  of  manufacturing  mate- 
rial, in  this  trade,  that  cannot  be  found 
in  his  stock,  and  that  cannot  be  here 


70 


City  of  Charleston. 


purchased,  as  cheap  if  not  cheaper, 
than  at  any  similar  house  in  the  State. 
His  trade,  is  large,  extends  through- 
out South  Carolina,  having  some  pat- 
rons, from  Florida,  and  Georgia.  Mr. 
Thomlinson  was  born  in  Charleston, 
and  the  high  standing,  he  enjoys,  is 
the  result  of  a business  career,  charac- 
terized, by  the  strictest  devotion,  to 
the  sound  principles,  of  mercantile 
integrity. 

A.  M.  WILLIAMS  & BRO., 

Job  Printing,  70  East  Bay. 


There  are  few  vocations  requiring 
as  much  intelligence  as  that  of  the 
printer.  An  excellent  establishment, 
wherein  the  “ art  preservative  of  arts” 
is  successfully  prosecuted,  is  that  of  A. 
M.  Williams  & Brother,  railroad  and 
commercial  job  printers,  book  binders 
and  blank  book  manufacturers,  located 
at  No.  70  East  Bay.  Great  advance- 
ment and  progress  has  been  made  of 
recent  years,  in  the  perfecting  fine 
presses,  in  the  introduction  of  hand- 
some and  splendidly  proportioned 
faces  of  type  for  general  job  work,  in 
the  making  of  flourishes  and  borders, 
in  tint  work,  &c.  All  these  things 
have  brought  out  and  developed  tire 
taste  and  skill  of  the  job  printer,  until 
now  th 3 art  calls  for  the  most  skilful 
artisans,  and  printers  of  really  aesthe- 
tic taste.  An  establishment  that  keeps 
pace,  with  the  steadily  advancing 
times,  turning  out  the  finest  and  best 
of  job  printing,  is  that  named  above. 
The  premises  occupied  by  this  busi- 
ness, is  a two-story  building  25x95  feet 
in  dimensions,  well  equipped  with  the 
best  class  of  printing  materials,  fine 
presses,  cutters,  printing  types,  cuts, 


borders,  &c.,  while  a corps  of  compe- 
tent and  experienced  printers,  and 
pressmen,  are  kept  constantly  em- 
ployed. Four  steam  presses,  are  run 
by  a four  horse  power  engine.  Rail- 
road printing  is  a specialty.  All  kinds 
of  book  and  job  printing,  are  carefully 
and  tastefully  done  at  short  notice,  and 
at  the  lowest  prices,  also  book  binding 
in  all  its  various  styles.  They  also 
manufacture  blank  books  for  banks, 
counting  houses,  corporations,  com- 
mercial and  mercantile  houses,  insur- 
ance companies,  &c.  Estimates  for  all 
work  in  their  line  are  cheerfully  given, 
and  orders  by  mail  promptly  executed. 
The  individual  members  of  this  firm, 
are  Mr.  A.  M.  Williams  and  Mr.  S.  Iv. 
Williams.  The  last  named  gentleman 
having  been  paralyzed,  the  entire 
management  of  the  business  devolves 
upon  A.  M.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
skilled  in  his  line,  a thoroughgoing 
business  man,  occupying  a prominent 
position  in  the  commercial  circles  of 
Charleston,  is  a public-spirited  citizen, 
occupying  a high  office  in  that  ancient 
and  time-honored  old  brotherhood,  the 
Masons,  is  a Scottish  Rite,  and  one  of 
its  most  active  members. 

W.  C.  BEE  & CO., 

Rice  and  Cotton  Factors,  and  Gen- 
eral Agents  for  the  Etiwan 

Phosphate  Company. 

One  of  the  oldest,  best  known  and 
most  conservative  house  in  Charleston 
engaged  in  business  as  cotton  and  rice 
factors,  is  that  known  under  the  name 
of  Wm.  C.  Bee  & Co.,  ivhose  counting- 
house  is  conveniently  located  on 
Adger’s  Wharf.  This  house  was  es- 
tablished some  thirty  years  ago  by  Mr. 
W.  C.  Bee,  who  has  since  died,  and 
Mr.  Theodore  D.  Jervey,  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  present  firm,  the  other  part- 
ners being  Eugene  P.  and  Lewis  S. 
Jervey.  They  have  a very  pleasant 
office  and  sample  room,  with  excellent 
light  for  the  examination  of  the  differ- 
ent samples  of  produce  on  sale,  at- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


71 


tached — and  they  are  at  all  times  pre- 
pared to  make  liberal  advances  on 
consignments  made  to  them,  and,  by 
strict  attention  to  business,  endeavor 
to  give  satisfaction  to  their  customers. 
The  firm  are  likewise  agents  for  the 
Etiwan  Phosphate  Company,  in  which 
Mr.  Eugene  P.  is  a director.  This  is 
the  Pioneer  Company  in  Charleston  in 
this  line  of  manufacture,  and  enjoys 
facilities,  for  the  manufacture  of  all  the 
various  kinds  of  fertilizers  in  the  pro- 
duction of  which  South  Carolina  ex- 


to  all  the  ports  of  the  Continent  of- 
Europe,  and  bids  fair  to  excel  in  im- 
portance, and  ultimately  to  add  more 
to  the  growth  and  the  material  pros- 
perity, and  wealth  of  South  Carolina, 
as  an  article  of  merchandise,  than  that 
product  of  its  soil,  which  has  hitherto 
been  considered  its  greatest  staple  ( cot- 
ton). Its  capital  is  §300,000.  Its  plant 
covers  an  area  of  four  and  a half  acres, 
is  at  that  point  of  the  Cooper  River 
where  the  first  war  vessel  ever  built  in 
this  country,  the  John  Adams,  was 


cels,  all  other  States  in  our  country. 
The  timely  discovery  of  the  inex- 
haustible beds  of  that  natural  product, 
the  fructifying  powers  of  which,  have 
been  greatly  increased,  and  which, 
through  cunningly  devised  machine- 
ry, has  been  reduced  to  a portable  con- 
dition, and  thus  has  been  made  one  of 
the  most  valuable  articles  of  merchan- 
dise of  this  section  of  our  country.  In  its 
various  manufactured  forms,  it  is  not 
only  largely  transported  to  every  sec- 
tion of  the  United  States,  but  is  largely 
exported  to  the  United  Kingdom,  and 


launched,  and  can  at  their  factory 
wharves,  accommodate  the  largest  ves- 
sels. Their  brands  are : 1st.  “ Floats.” 
This  is  a high  grade  phosphate  rock, 
ground  by  the  celebrated  Due  Atom- 
izer into  an  impalpable  powder.  2d. 
Ash  Element — is  a combination  of 
Floats,  Calcined  Marl  and  Kainit  (Pot- 
ash). 3d.  Dissolved  Bone.  This  is 
their  old  established  brand,  and  is  the 
ground  rock,  dissolved  by  sulphuric 
acid.  4th.  Acid  Phosphate.  This  is 
Dissolved  Bone  mixed  with  Kainit. 
5th.  Potash  Compound.  This  is  rich 


72 


City  of  Charleston. 


in  phosphoric  acid  and  potash.  6th. 
Guano  compounded  by  this  Company 
with  phosphoric  acid,  ammonia  and 
potash.  Their  trade  is  large,  wide- 
spread and  is  constantly  growing. 
Their  brands  give  universal  satisfac- 
tion. The  officers  of  this  solid  and 
progressive  old  Company  are : Presi- 
dent, C.  G.  Memminger ; Superinten- 
dent, Caspar  A.  Chisolm.  Its  directors 
are  Robert  Adger,  Eugene  P.  Jervey, 
C.  A.  Chisolm,  A.  J.  McCaughrin.  Al- 
lard Memminger,  chemist;  Norman 
W.  Smith,  general  travelling  agent. 
This  company  was  the  first  to  intro- 
duce Due’s  Mechanical  Atomizer,  a 
machine  simple  in  its  construction, 
than  which  nothing  equal  could  be 
devised  for  the  rapid  and  effective  pul- 
verization of  rock,  and  all  refractory 
substances  into  an  impalpable  powder 
of  even  grade  of  fineness.  Under  the 
wise  and  judicious  management  of  its 
able  and  efficient  officers  directors,  this 
enterprise  has  proved  a most  gratifying 
financial  venture  to  its  stockholders, 
and  of  all  the  manufacturing  compa- 
nies of  the  South  there  are  none  that 
are  more  intimately  connected  with 
the  interest  of  this  community,  or  that 
has  enjoyed  a career  uniformly  more 
prosperous  than  the  Etiwan  Phosphate 
Company  of  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina. 

Dr.  ATMAR  SMITH, 
Dentist,  307  King  Street. 

Oi;c  of  the  most  popular  representa- 
tive dentists,  in  Charleston,  is  Dr.  At- 
mar  Smith,  whose  rooms,  are  located, 
at  No.  307  King  street.  He  studied, 
with  an  old  and  eminent  practitioner, 
Dr.  B.  A.  Muckenfuss,  nearly  three 
years,  and  graduated,  at  the  Philadel- 
phia Dental  College,  in  Feb.,  1876,  and 
has  since  practiced  in  Charleston.  He 
is  widely  known,  throughout  the  city, 
and  its  vicinity,  as  a careful,  and  reli- 
able dentist,  and  numbers  among  his 
patrons,  many  of  the  best  families  of 
the  place.  He  has  every  facility,  and 


appliance,  for  the  painless  extraction 
of  teeth,  which,  in  connection,  with 
his  .recognized  skill,  has  gained  for 
him,  an  enviable  reputation.  Dr. 
Smith  is  equally  proficient,  in  the  me- 
chanical, or  the  surgical  branch  of  his 
profession,  and  fills  teeth,  and  makes 
them  to  order, in  the  most  satisfactory 
manner.  He  is  highly  esteemed,  in 
the  community,  and  is  respected,  not . 
alone  for  his  professional  attainments, 
but  for  his  high  qualities,  as  an  hon- 
orable gentleman,  and  upright  citizen. 
In  connection  with  his  practice  he  is 
the  Proprietor  of  the  Charleston  Dental 
Depot,  which  is  growing  rapidly  under 
his  management. 

C.  C.  PLENGE, 

Hats  and  Cigars. 

In  1871,  Mr.  C.  C.  Plenge,  one  of  the 
most  enterprising,  and  progressive,  of 
Charleston’s  business  men,  added  his 
two  houses,  to  the  mercantile  indus- 
tries, of  this  city,  and  now  occupies, 
a leading  position,  in  two  important 
branches,  of  trade, viz:  the  hat,  and 
the  segar.  His  building  in  an  attrac- 
tive, substantially  built  edifice,  eligi- 
bly located,  on  the  corner  of  Broad  and 
Church  streets.  The  corner  store, 
which  is  25x36  feet,  in  dimensions, 
utilized  for  the  hat  business,'  is  hand- 1 
somelv  fitted  up,  with  inclosed  cases, 
ample  shelf  room,  plate  glass  windows, 
high  ceiling,  is  light  and  cheerful. 
The  stock,  is  complete  in  every  detail, 
embracing  a choice  assortment  of 
Dunlap’s  celebrated  Fifth  Avenue  hats, 
this  gentleman,  being  the  Charleston 
agent,  of  that  almost  world  renowned  . 
hatter.  He  also  makes  fine  silk  hats,  to 
order,  at  short  notice,  and  which  are 
guaranteed  as  to  quality  and  fit.  In  felt 
and  silk  goods,  his  stock,  is  unexcelled. 
Hats,  and  caps,  of  all  kinds,  sizes,  and 
styles,  are  provided,  to  suit  all  classes, 
and  at  popular  prices.  He  gives  em- 
ployment, to  two  competent  hands 
His  trade,  is  large,  coming  from  all 
parts,  of  the  city,  he  is  extensively  pa- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


73 


tronizecl,  by  the  genteel  and  elite,  of 
the  place,  who  coesider  their  outfit, 
incomplete  unless  crowned,  with  a tile, 
from  Plenge  the  fashionable  hatter. 
Adjoining  this  hat  emporium,  this  en- 
terprising gentleman,  in  1880,  estab- 
lished one  of  the  most  inviting  cigar 
stores,  to  be  found  in  the  city,  which 
is  tastefully,  and  admirably  fitted  up, 
is  amply  provided,  with  handsome 
shelving,  finely  finished  counters,  and 
beautifully  mounted,  show  cases,  and 
is  stocked  with  a great  variety,  of  the 
choicest,  and  most  noted  brands,  of 
imported  cigars,  also  the  best  grades 
of  domestic  cigars,  cigarettes,  fine 
chewing  and  smoking  tobaccos,  snuffs, 
and  and  tobacco  boxes,  cigar  tubes, 
briar  wood  pipes,  some  of  the  purest 
and  most  beautifully  carved  meer- 
schaum pipes,  and  cigar  holders,  and 
as  large,  valuable  and  varied  an  as- 
sortment, of  smokers  supplies  and  fan- 
cy goods,  as  can  be  found,  in  any  es- 
tablishment, of  the  kind,  outside  of  the 
city  of  New  York.  Mr.  A.  Beaurie 
Betancourt  has  the  supervision  of  this 
branch  of  the  business,  is  an  agreeable, 
pleasant,  sociable  man,  is  a connois- 
seur, in  all  goods,  made  from  the  fra- 
grant weed,  and  is  in  such  a house, 
eminently  the  right  man,  in  the  right 
place.  Mr.  Plenge,  the  proprietor,  is  a 
native  of  Prussia,  came  to  this  country 
in  1465.  He  is  a genial  man,  a plea- 
sant conversationalist,  understands 
thoroughly,  every  detail  of  the  two 
lines  of  business,  in  which  he  is  en- 
gaged, is  a staunch,  reliable  merchant, 
and  an  esteemed  citizen.  He  caters, 
to  a first  class  trade,  and  does  a lucra- 
tive business. 

JOHN  SOMERS  BUIST, 
Physician. 

Among  the  representative  physi- 
cians, of  Charleston,  and  one  of  its 
most  prominent,  and  public  spirited 
citizens,  is  John  Somers  Buist,  M.  D. 
He  is  of  Scotch-French  descent,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  in  1839,  where  af- 
6 


ter  obtaining  his  rudimentary  educa- 
tion, he  entered  the  Charleston  College, 
from  which  institution,  famous,  for  the 
great  learning,  and  high  attainments, 
of  its  faculty,  in  all  the  branches  of 
science,  literature,  and  philosophy,  and 
for  the  high  standard,  of  its  scholar- 
ship, he  graduated  in  1859,  with  the 
3d  honor  of  his  class.  Then,  entering 
the  South  Carolina  Medical  College, 
and  sedulously  pursuing,  his  profes- 
sional studies,  and  bending  the  ener- 
gies, of  a mind,  endowed  with  extra- 
ordinary natural  gifts,  to  the  accjuisi- 
tion  of  a thorough  knowledge,  of  the 
science  of  Surgery,  and  Materia  Medica, 
he  graduated,  from  this  institution , in 
1861,  bearing  off  the  1st  honors,  from 
a large  number  of  competitors.  The 
war,  between  the  States,  breaking  out 
this  year,  he  entered  the  Confederate 
Army,  as  Assistant  Surgeon,  in  Hamp- 
ton’s Legion,  in  Virginia,  he  was  in 
9-10ths  of  all  the  famous  battles,  twen- 
ty-three in  all.  In  1863,  he  was  pro- 
moted, to  the  position  of  Chief  Sur- 
geon, with  the  rank  of  Major,  serving 
as  such,  to  the  end  of  the  war.  In 
1865,  he  commenced  practice  in 
Charleston,  making  Surgery  a special-, 
ty,  and  in  which  he  has  been  eminent- 
ly successful,  performing  among  many 
other,  difficult  operations,  in  this  line 
of  practice,  the  marvelous  one,  of  re- 
moving the  upper  jaw,  of  a child,  nine 
years  of  age,  (reported  in  Transactions 
of  Medical  Society,  of  South  Carolina). 
He  took  an  active  part,  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Health  Department,  in 
Charleston,  and  was  the  prime  mover, 
in  the  re-organization,  of  the  Charles- 
ton Hospitals.  Was  from  1870  to 
1873,  Assistant  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  in  South  Carolina  Medical 
College,  was  Clinical  Lecturer,  at 
Charleston  City  Hospital,  during  the 
sessions  of  South  Carolina  Medical 
College.  Physician  in  chief  to  City 
and  Roper’s  hospitals.  Physician  to 
U.  S.  Marine  hospital.  AVas  physician, 
to  State  Orphan  Asylum,  and  tempo- 
rary physician  to  Ursuline  Convent. 
AVas  acting  president,  of  Municipal 


74 


City  of  Charleston. 


Board  of  Health.  Is  president,  of 
South  Carolina  Medical  Society,  was 
three  years  recording  secretary  of  the 
S.  C.  Med.  College,  and  two  years  its 
corresponding  secretary.  Has  been  a 
valued  contributor,  to  Medical  jour- 
nals. Is  the  author  of  several  publi- 
cations, exhibiting  great  learning,  and 
research,  and  profound  knowledge  of 
the  science  of  medicine,  among  them 
may  be  named,  one  on  Abdominal 
Rupture,  another  on  treatment  of 
“ Fracture  of  Thigh,”  and  several  ar- 
ticles on  “ Guinea  W orm.”  In  1882, 
entered  a report,  to  the  Legislature  of 
South  Carolina,  on  Construction  of 
Abattoirs,  and  Method  of  Preserving 
Health  Food.  An  ardent  lover,  of  the 
great  science,  of  medicine,  of  philan- 
thropic heart,  a public  spirited  citizen, 
an  indefatigable  worker,  untiring  in 
his  efforts,  to  promote  every  benefi- 
cient  measure,  and  to  disseminate  a 
knowledge  of  this  curative  science,  co- 
piously endowed,  with  ability,  the 
power  of  application,  and  energy,  he 
has  wrought,  as  much  good,  to  the 
people,  of  his  State,  as  any  man  in  it, 
and  has  attained  an  eminence,  in  his 
profession,  second  to  no  physician  in 
the  Commonwealth. 

EDISTO  PHOSPHATE  COMPANY. 

J.  B.  E.  Sloan,  Treasurer  and  Gen- 
eral Agent. 

In  reviewing  the  various  enterprises 
that  are  destined  to  make  Charleston 
one  of  the  chief  centres  of  business  in 
the  country,  it  is  interesting  and  in- 
structive to  note  the  advances  that 
have  been  made,  in  each  of  the  repre- 
sentative industries,  and  to  ascertain 
the  results  that  have  been  achieved  by 
energy  and  capital.  The  timely  dis- 
covery of  the  inexhaustible  phosphate 
beds,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Charleston,  has  materially  added  to 
the  resources  and  commercial  impor- 
tance of  the  city.  It  has  also  served 
to  revive  and  renew  lands  that  by 
constant  use  were  considered  worth- 


less, thus  proving,  not  only  a 
source  of  wealth  to  many  miners, 
but  a blessing  to  the  farmers  and 
planters  throughout  the  country. 
It  is  particularly  within  the  scope 
of  this  work,  to  enter  into  details 
of  the  various  industries  of  the  coun- 
try, and  to  portray  to  the  inter- 
ested reader,  the  facts  of  the  rise  and 
progress  of  each  separate  enterprise. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch,  the  Edisto 
Phosphate  Company,  was  organized  in 
February,  1881,  for  the  purpose  of 
Mining  and  Manufacturing  Fertilizers, 
with  a capital  of  two  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars,  all  of  which  has  been 
paid  in.  The  works  are  near  the  city 
on  Shipyard  Creek,  Cooper  river,  with 
a capacity  of  20,000  to  26,000  tons  an- 
nually, and  are  connected  by  rail  with 
all  the  Railroads,  running  to  and  from 
Charleston,  and  have  all  facilities,  in- 
cluding steam  power,  at  their  wharves, 
for  loading  and  unloading  cargoes, 
and  easy  water  communication,  with 
the  city.  This  Company  employ,  at 
their  works  from  fifty  to  an  hundred 
hands,  and  produce  in  large  quanti- 
ties, grades  of  the  following  well 
known  and  standard  commodities  in 
their  line : 

Edisto  Acid  Phosphate, 

Edisto  Acidulated  Rock  or  Dissolved 
Bone, 

Edisto  Ash  Element, 

Edisto  Ammoniated  Fertilizer, 

Edisto  Ground  Rock, 

Duncan’s  Phosphate, 

And  manufacture  special  brands  to 
order,  and  are  also  extensive  importers 
and  large  dealers  in  German  Kainit. 
The  high  standard  of  their  analysis, 
together  with  the  excellent  mechani- 
cal condition  of  their  goods,  and  their 
uniformity,  have,  in  the  short  period 
of  its  existence,  established  a first  class 
reputation  for  their  products.  The  ex- 
cellent facilities  it  has  for  handling, 
shipping,  and  inland  transportation, 
combined  with  their  high  reputation, 
enables  them  to  compete® most  success- 
fully, with  all  rival  companies.  Its 
trade  is  large  and  wide-spread,  extend- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


75 


ing  throughout  the  United  States. 
Among  its  officers  and  directors,  will 
be  found  the  names  of  well  known 
gentlemen,  prominently  identified 
with  the  mercantile,  commercial  and 
manufacturing  interests  of  the  city, 
who  have  always  conducted  its  affairs, 
upon  a sound,  safe  and  conservative 
policy.  The  president  of  this  Com- 
pany is  Mr.  T.  R.  McGahan,  one  of 
South  Carolina’s  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful merchants,  and  the  resident 
proprietor,  head,  and  manager  of  the 
Charleston  branch  of  the  great  Dry 
Goods  firm,  of  Edwin  Bates  & Co.  Its 
Treasurer  and  General  Agent,  Col.  J. 
B.  E.  Sloan,  also  holds  a prominent 
position,  in  the  first  rank  of  Charles- 
ton’s representative  merchants,  being 
the  Senior  member  of  the  firnuof  J.  B. 
E.  Sloan  & Son,  Cotton  Factors  and 
General  Commission  Merchants,  and 
also  representing  his  ward  in  the  board 
of  Aldermen.  Mr.  W.  B.  Chisolm,  its 
superintendent  is  an  energetic  and  en- 
terprising citizen,  has  a thorough 
knowledge  of  all  the  details  of  the 
business  of  this  Company  at  their 
works,  and  is,  in  this  position,  eminent- 
ly the  right  man,  in  the  right  place. 
The  directors,  of  this  Company,  are 
the  following  well  known  prominent 
citizens,  and  merchants,  Mr.  B.  F. 
Grayton,  of  Anderson,  S.  C.,  and 
Messrs.  Charles  T.  Lowndes,  C.  P. 
Poppenheim  and  Langdon  Cheves,  of 
this  city.  Under  the  supervision  of 
such  officers  and  directors,  the  signal 
success,  this  Company  has  achieved 
in  its  brief  existence,  becomes  readily 
accounted  for,  and  under  the  same 
management,  a future  of  equal  pros- 
perity, and  usefulness  seems  as  cer- 
tainly assured. 

ANNA  C.  GRAVER, 

Grocer  and  Liquor  Dealer, 
536  King  St.,  Cor.  of  Reid. 

This  business  was  established  many 
years  before  the  war  by  John  H.  Gra- 
ver, who  at  his  death,  ten  years  ago, 
was  succeeded  by  his  nephew,  John 


Graver,  the  kind  and  affectionate  hus- 
band of  the  present  owner.  He  con- 
ducted a prosperous  trade  till  his 
death,  in  July,  1882,  leaving  a large 
stock  to  his  wife,  Mrs.  Anna  C.  Graver, 
who,  by  her  practical  business  tact, 
and  aid  of  an  efficient  and  reliable 


head  clerk,  Mr.  Heinrich  Witt,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  entirely  paying  for.  She 
occupies  a spacious  building  25  feet 
by  100  in  extent,  fitted  up  and  well 
adapted  to  the  business,  located  at  536 
King  street,  cor  of  Reid.  The  stock, 
averaging  from  $6000  to  $8000,  con- 
tains a first-class  selection  of  choice 
groceries,  canned  goods,  pure  unadul- 
terated teas  and  coffees,  the  best  brands 
' of  flour,  a varied  assortment  of  sauces 
and  condiments,  also  smoked  meats 
and  salt  fish,  and  the  finest  qualities 
of  table  butter,  and  in  fact  every- 
thing ordinarily  found  in  a first- 
class  grocery  store.  In  the  liquor 
department,  is  a choice  and  care- 
fully selected  stock  of  foreign  and 
domestic  wines,  brandies,  gins,  etc.,., 
and  also  Bourbon  and  Rye  Whiskies, 
of  which  the  proprietress  supplies  a. 
large  trade.  She  also  has  a good  sup- 
ply of  domestic  ales,  porter,  lager  beer,, 
etc.,  of  superior  excellence.  Mrs.  Gra- 
ver’s is  recognized  as  the  leading  es- 
tablishment in  the  upper  wards,  where 
it  is  located,  and  enjoys  a large  cus- 
tom, both  wholesale  and  retail,  extend- 


76 


City  of  Charleston. 


ing  throughout  the  city  and  country. 
Three  competent  assistants  are  em- 
ployed attending  to  the  demands  of 
the  many  patrons,  and  a wagon  is  also 
a part  of  the  establishment.  Mrs. 
Graver  keeps  her  stock  up  to  the  full 
standard,  and  is  constantly  receiving 
something  new  and  desirable,  making 
a specialty  of  Ferry’s  celebrated  hams 
and  other  meats,  selling  at  low  prices, 
and  always  giving  full  weight  and 
measure,  has  gained  a substantial 
reputation  for  her  liberal  and  correct 
methods  of  doing  business.  She  is  a 
native  of  Charleston,  and  has  by  her 
courteous  manner  gained  many  valu- 
able friends,  who  count  her  a useful 
member  of  society  and  public-spirited 
lady.  Could  she  collect  the  many 
debts  due  to  her  esteemed  husband, 
she  would  be  not  only  well  off,  as  she 
is,  but  really  wealth}^. 

TITE  MERCANTILE  AGENCY. 

R.  G.  Dun  & Co. 

There  is  no  object  of  greater  im- 
portance to  the  business  community, 
than  a perfected  system  for  the  pro- 
tection by  means  of  a thorough  meth- 
od of  investigation  into  the  merits  of 
parties  to  a contract.  In  the  interests 
of  justice,  giving  to  the  business  com- 
munity protection  from  fraud,  and  the 
opportunity  for  a knowledge  of  those, 
whose  affairs  bring  them  together,  the 
more  complete  the  system,  the  greater 
the  perfection  and  the  more  extended 
the  territory  embraced,  the  greater  the 
number  benefited.  In  the  front  rank 
among  the  few  organizations  instituted 
with  this  object  in  view  stands  the 
mercantile  agency  of  R.  G.  Dun  & Co., 
which  was  established  in  New  York 
in  1841,  and  is  thus  the  oldest  concern 
of  the  kind  in  the  country.  They 
have  over  100  branches  in  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  as  well  as  efficient  connections 
in  Europe.  The  Charleston  branch 
was  established  in  1853,  when  the  firm 
was  known  by  the  name  of  B.  Douglas. 


Since  1870  it  has  been  under  the  man- 
angement  of  Mr.  John  E.  Holmes,  a 
gentleman  of  experience  in  the  busi- 
ness, and  well  known  to  the  merchants 
and  manufacturers  of  this  section. 
From  the  Charleston  office  the  agen- 
cies at  Atlanta  and  Savannah  are  ruled, 
the  exigencies  of  the  territory  directed 
by  Mr.  Holmes,  requiring  the  services 
of  fourteen  experienced  assistants,  six 
of  whom  are  stationed  in  this  city. 
During  his  incumbency  the  business 
of  these  offices  has  shown  such  a de- 
gree of  usefulness  and  efficiency  as  to 
cause  the  agency  to  have  a largely  in- 
creased patronage,  and  to  place  it  be- 
fore the  business  community,  as  one 
of  the  steadfast  institutions  of  this  sec- 
tion. One  of  the  secrets  of  success 
earned  by  this  concern,  is  the  thorough 
and  systematic  way  in  which  their 
reports  are  compiled.  Each  office 
sends  out  its  travelling  reporters  over 
its  entire  district,  at  least  twice  each 
year;  these  men  who  are  trained  to 
the  business  visit  every  cross  road, 
town  and  county  seat  m the  county, 
and  ascertain  on  the  ground  by  per- 
sonal examination  the  status  and  con- 
dition of  trades.  As  an  example  of 
the  correctness  and  thoroughness  of 
the  work,  it  might  be  stated  that  on 
the  12th  November,  1883,  Mr.  Flolmes 
was  burned  completely  out,  and  two 
days  later  had  in  his  temporary  office, 
on  ITayne  street,  a duplicate  copy  for 
the  district. 

Mr.  Holmes,  who  personally  attends 
to  the  details  of  the  several  depart- 
ments in  his  territory,  is  a man  of 
strict  business  principles,  and  socially 
a valued  citizen.  He  entered  the  com- 
pany’s employ  in  1867,  at  Baltimore, 
remaining  there  three  years.  The  firm 
likewise  transacts  a large  law  and  col- 
lection business. 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  the 
business  is  patronized  by  nearly  every 
banker,  merchant  and  manufacturer 
in  the  two  States,  and  it  certainly  in- 
vites the  support  of  those  who  transact 
a business  wherein  credit  is  given  and 
obtained. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


77 


The  finest,  and  most  elegantly  finished,  and  equipped,  mercantile  establish- 
ment, in  Charleston,  or  indeed  in  South  Carolina,  is  the  Jewelry  Palace,  of  Mr. 
John  McElree,  located  at  No,  254  King  street.  It  has  large,  massive  French 
plate  glass  windows,  is  24x80  in  dimensions.  In  the  windows,  is  a most  at- 
tractive display,  of  some  of  its  rich,  and  valuable  stock.  The  interior,  has 
most  elaborately  finished  counters,  of  mahogany,  or  some  dark,  rich  wood, 
and  the  Avails,  are  lined  with  elaborately,  and  beautifully  finished,  upright 
show-cases,  of  the  same  wood.  The  largest,  most  complete,  and  valuable  stock 
of  goods,  to  be  found  in  the  Southern  States,  is  carried  by  this  house,  embrac- 
ing fine  gold,  and  silver  Avatches,  of  the  varions  makes,  diamonds,  jewelry  of 
all  kinds,  beautiful  clocks,  fine  silver,  and  silver  plated  wares,  chains,  lockets, 
bracelets,  eye  glasses,  opera  glasses,  spectacles,  gold  headed  walking  sticks,  fine 
cutlery,  and  a great  variety  of  fancy  goods.  The  specialties  of  this  house,  are 
the  Palmetto  watch,  an  accurate  time-piece,  solid  gold  watch  cases,  gold  filled 
cases,  coin  silver  cases,  the  Waterbury  watch  ($3  each,  a Avonder),  the  peep 
o’day  alarm  clock,  ($2  each,  warranted),  walnut,  one-day  strike  clocks,  (84  each, 
a bargain),  walnut,  eight-day  strike  clocks,  (85  each,  worth  double),  McElree’s 
standard  silver  plated  spoons,  forks,  &c.,  $1.35  to  $2.50  per  set,  (will  wear  ten 
years),  LeMarc’s  rock  crystal  spectacles  (never  break),  McElree’s  treble  silver 
spoons,  forks,  &c.,  $2.25  to  $4.50  per  set  (will  wear  25  years).  King’s  celebrated 
combination  spectacles  (never  break),  eighteen  karat  gold  wedding  rings,  $1.25 
per  dwt.  Sterling  silver  spoons,  or  forks,  $1.75  per  oz,  rolled  gold  jewelry 
direct  from  manufacturers.  Rhine  stone  brilliants,  equal  to  diamonds.  This 
house  carries  a full  line  of  Saauss  watches,  cased  in  nickel,  silver,  or  gold,  sizes 
suitable  for  boys,  ladies,  or  gentlemen,  which  it  sells  at  ATerv  low  figures.  T hose 
desiring  to  purchase,  Avill  be  provided  with  price  list,  and  may  order,  any  kind 
of  Avatch,  they  may  want,  whether  made  in  this  country,  or  Europe,  perfect 
satisfaction  is  guaranteed,  or  money  returned.  In  the  way  of  clocks,  this  house 
sells  none,  but  the  best,  warrants  every  clock,  one  year,  and  sell  at  a very  small 
margin,  of  profit.  In  the  way  of  silver  plated  hollow  AA’are,  this  house  has  by 
far  the  largest  stock,  of  any  in  the  Southern  States,  comprising  every  article, 
manufactured  both  for  ornament  and  use,  of  the  very  best  quality,  each  piece 
having  the  manufacturers’  stamp,  on  it,  and  which  are  here  sold,  at  prices  25 
per  cent,  under  other  dealers  in  the  city.  There  is  also  always  kept,  in  stock, 
at  this  establishment,  a fine  assortment  of  sterling  silver  ware,  including  all 
the  latest  patterns,  in  spoons  and  forks,  also,  butter  knives,  sugar  shells,  berry 
spoons,  oyster,  cream,  or  soup  ladles,  fruit  knives,  jelly  spoons,  napkin  rings 
card  cases,  match  boxes,  &c.,  Avhich  are  sold  by  the  piece,  and  at  very  Ioav  prices 


78 


City  of  Charleston. 


In  the  way  of  special  goods,  there  can  here  be  found,  as  complete  an  assort- 
ment, as  in  any  establishment,  outside  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  at  prices, 
that  cannot  fail,  to  suit  the  most  economical. 

Mr.  McElree,  also  gives  special  attention,  to  repairing  and  cleaning  jewelry, 
watches,  and  clocks,  employing  none,  but  the  most  thoroughly  skilled,  and 
practical  workmen.  All  work  is  done,  in  the  best  and  most  satisfactory  man- 
ner. The  stock  carried,  by  this  house,  is  immense,  has  a representative  value 
of  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  trade  is  large,  and  wide  spread,  and  beside 
numbering  among  its  patrons,  the  first  citizens  of  Charleston,  extends 
throughout  the  South.  ITe  gives  employment  to  six  competent  and  obliging 
assistants.  Mr.  John  McElree,  is  a native  of  Ireland,  came  to  this  country  in 
1865,  and  commenced  business  on  his  own  account  the  same  year.  He  is  a 
live,  enterprising,  and  straight-forward  business  man,  prompt  and  reliable  in 
all  his  dealings,  is  thoroughly  posted  in  the  business  in  which  lie  is  engaged, 
knows  how  to  cater  to  the  demands  of  a first  class  custom.  To  his  energy  and 
perseverance,  is  due  the  success,  with  which  he  has  met. 


H.  STEENKEN. 

Wheelwright  and  Blacksmith. 

In  none  of  the  mechanical  indus- 
tries has  there  been  made  within  the 
last  few  years  greater  improvement 
than  in  that  of  the  building  of  wag- 
ons, trucks,  drays,  carts,  &c.  An  enter- 
prising establishment  of  this  kind  is 
that  located  at  286  Meeting  street,  op- 
posite the  South  Carolina  Railroad 
workshops,  instituted  by  Mr.  Steenken, 
a native  of  Oldenburg,  Germany,  who 
came  to  this  city  in  February  1st,  1849, 
and  worked  at  the  famous  Ornamental 
Iron  Works  with  Mr.  Werner  for  four 
years ; was  also  employed  for  five 
years  at  the  machine  shops  of  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad  Company. 
On  the  15th  of  October,  1859,  he  com- 
menced the  above  business.  The 
shop  where  the  repairing  of  wag- 
ons, carriages,  buggies,  and  general 
blacksmithing  is  done,  has  its  entrance 
on  Meeting  street ; dimensions,  30x60 
feet,  and  is  supplied  with  all  the  mod- 
ern appliances  used  in  this  extensive 
business,  and  the  large  force  of  skilled 
workmen  that  are  at  all  times  actively 
engaged,  denotes  the  magnitude  and 
prosperity  of  this  great  enterprise.  The 
rear  building,  30x70  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, is  utilized  as  a paint  shop,  and 
is  also  complete  in  every  detail.  Com- 
petent and  first-class  artists  are  engaged 


| in  lettering,  striping  and  painting  ve' 
hides  of  all  description,  using  the  best 
maierial.  All  work  guaranteed,  and 
finished  in  first-class  style,  at  reason- 
able prices.  Mr.  Steenken  was  the 
first  in  this  city  to  introduce  what  is 
now  widely  known  as  the  goose  neck 
truck,  so  constructed  that  it  can  be 
turned  in  short  order,  and  in  a very 
small  space,  which  gives  it  superior 
advantage  over  the  old  style ; they  are 
in  great  demand  throughout  the  city. 
These  and  all  other  productions,  form 
the  best  evidence  of  the  skill,  energy 
and  prosperity  of  this  establishment. 
Mr.  Steenken  is  also  licensed  manu- 
facturer of  the  patent  Otis’  locked 
coal  cart ; also  maker  of  Rice’s  plan- 
tation implements,  which  can  be  had 
at  short  notice.  This  gentleman  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  South  Caro- 
lina Agricultural  Society,  also  an 
active  one  in  the  Pioneer  Corps  of  the 
German  Artillery,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  German  Fusiliers  of 
this  city,  and  is  regarded  as  a valuable 
artisan  and  influential  citizen. 

MILLINGS  & CO., 
Furniture  Dealers. 

For  many  years  this  house  has  been 
well  and  favorably  known  in  S.  C.,  as 
a leading  one  in  its  line  of  trade,  and 
the  products  of  the  establishment 
have  been  considered  first  class  in 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


79 


every  respect  and  such  as  should  be 
produced  by  skilled  workmen  under 
the  direction  of  a master  hand.  The 
house  was  founded  in  1868,  by  R.  C. 
Millings,  who,  for  six  years,  carried  on 
a successful  business  alone.  In  ’74,  he 
took  in  Mr.  Livingston,  the  firm  name 
becoming  Millings  & Livingston.  In 
’79,  it  took  the  style  of  Millings  & 
Norris,  and  a year  later  that  of  Mil- 


lings & Co.  In  ’81,  Mr.  Millings  took 
his  two  sons  into  partnership,  and  still 
continues  the  lucrative  trade,  he  has 
all  along  enjoyed.  The  warehouses, 
centrally  located  at  138  and  140  Meet- 
ing st.,  opposite  Pavilion  Hotel,  consist 
of  a spacious  three-story  brick  build- 
ing, 40x70  ft.,  and  contain  furniture 
of  all  kinds,  from  strong  kitchen  chairs 
and  tables,  to  the  most  comfortable 
and  elaborate  parlor  and  library  suits, 
and  most  chaste  and  highly  ornament- 
ed drawing-room  ottomans,  card,  side- 
tables,  etc.  Their  factory,  located  at 
442  King  st.,  is  fitted  up  with  every 
convenience  for  turning  out  the  best 
quality  of  work.  The  celebrated 
Hampton  Couch,  which  has  met  with 
so  much  favorable  comment  and  pat- 
ronage, is  kept  on  hand,  and  made  to 
order.  They  also  manufacture  lounges, 
mosquito-frames,  and  matresses,  all 


equally  in  demand,  as  being  of  supe- 
rior comfort, strength,  finish  and  adap- 
tation to  their  several  uses.  They  are 
agents  for  and  always  keep  in  stock,  a 
great  variety  of  the  best  nickel-plated 
show-cases. 

The  business  necessitating  the  em- 
ployment of  eight  competent  hands, 
including  four  experienced  and  skilled 
mechanics,  is  annually  increasing,  and 
extends  to  every  town  and  village  of 
the  State.  Mr.  Millings  came  to 
Charleston  in  1857.  In  the  community 
he  holds  a high  standing,  as  a gentle- 
man, and  by  giving  his  close  attention 
to  the  details  of  business  with  which 
he  is  so  familiar,  he  has  gained  a well 
merited  success.  He  is  ably  seconded 
in  the  duties  incumbent  upon  such  a 
growing  concern  by  his  sons  and  part- 
ners, Mr.  E.  C.  & Mr.  F.  C.  Millings,  of 
Charleston,  and  therefore,  well  and  fa- 
vorably known  to  the  whole  commu- 
nity, both  as  valuable  members  of  the 
social  circle  and  important  factors  in 
mercantile  life. 

EDMONDS  T.  BROWN  & CO., 

43  Hayne  Street,  Wholesale  Deal- 
ers in  Men’s,  Boy’s,  Ladies’,  Miss- 
es’ and  Children’s  Hats,  Caps, 

Straw  Goods,  Umbrellas,  Para- 
sols, &c. 

Among  the  oldest,  most  prominent, 
and  widely  known  houses,  in  Charles- 
ton, engaged  in  its  line  of  trade,  is  that 
of  Mr.  Edmonds  T.  Brown  & Co., 
wholesale  dealers,  in  Men’s,  Boys’, 
Misses’  and  Children’s,  hats,  caps, 
straw  goods,  umbrellas  and  parasols, 
flowers,  wreaths,  &c.  This  house, 
was  established,  by  Mr.  F.  D.  Fan- 
ning forty-nine  years  ago.  Mr.  Brown, 
the  Senior  proprietor,  of  the  present 
house,  and  a Mr.  W.  B.  Steadman, 
becoming  partners,  with  Mr.  Fanning, 
the  business  ivas  conducted,  under 
the  firm  name,  and  style,  of  Fanning 
& Co.  In  1868,  Messrs.  Fanning  A 
Steadman,  retired  from  business,  and 


so 


City  of  Charleston. 


under  the  sole  proprietorship,  of  Mr. 
Brown,  a prosperous  and  lucrative 
business,  was  continued  down  to  1878, 
when  Mr.  Henry  P.  Foster,  becom- 
ing a partner,  the  present  firm,  of 
E.  F.  Brown  & Co.,  was  formed.  The 
premises,  occupied  by  this  firm,  is  a 
large  four-story  brick  building,  30x 
100  feet  in  dimensions,  located  at  No. 
43  Hayne  street.  The  stock,  carried 
in  the  several  departments,  is  large, 
full,  and  complete.  The  gentlemen, 
comprising  this  firm  have  had  a long 
experience,  in  this  line  of  business, 
and  possess  a thorough  knowledge  of, 
the  wants,  and  requirements  of  the 
Southern  trade.  They,  are  earnest 
and  indefatigable  in  their  efforts  to 
please,  their  patrons.  Their  supplies, 
are  purchased  direct,  from  first  hands, 
are  carefully  selected,  for  a first  class 
trade,  and  inducements  are  offered  at 
this  establishment,  that  cannot  be  had 
at  any  other  house,  in  its  line,  in 
South  Carolina.  Their  stock,  is  large, 
having  a representative  value,  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  Their 
trade  will  aggregate  many  thousands 
of  dollars,' annually.  They  give  em- 
ployment to  nine  competent  assistants, 
and  utilize  a dray.  Have  five  or  six 
men,  on  the  road.  Their  patrons,  come 
from  throughout  South  Carolina,  and 
some  from  Georgia,  Florida,  and  North 
Carolina.  Mr.  Brown  was  born  in 
Charleston,  Mr.  Foster  is  a native  of 
South  Carolina,  has  lived  all  his  life 
in  Charleston,  where  they  are  well  and 
favorably  known,  as  honorable  and 
successful  business  men,  and  good  and 
useful  citizens. 


CHAFEE  & O’BRIEN, 

Wholesale  Grocers,  205  East  Bay 
Street. 

A representative  firm,  in  wholesale 
groceries,  is  that  of  Chafee  & O’Brien, 
whose  house,  is  located  at  No.  205  East 
Bay.  It  was  established  many  years 


since,  by  W.  FI.  Chafee,  who  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Wm.  IT.  Chafee  & Co.,  and 
they,  by  the  present  proprietors.  They 
carry  a large,  and  valuable  stock,  and 
do  an  extensive  business,  throughout 
the  State,  in  choice  groceries,  foreign 
and  domestic  fruits,  wines  and  liquors, 
of  the  oldest,  best  and  most  celebrated 


vintages,  London  and  Dublin  ales  and 
stouts,  &c.,  which  are  supplied  to  the 
trade,  at  the  lowest  New  York  prices. 
A commodious,  three-story  brick  build- 
ing, 75x175  feet  in  dimensions,  is  oc- 
cupied, with  basement,  all  devoted, 
exclusively  to  the  business.  Six  com- 
petent and  experienced  assistants,  are 
employed  in  the  store,  four  teams,  are 
utilized,  in  delivering  goods,  at  the 
various  railroad  stations,  and  piers, 
and  at  the  stores,  of  the  local  patrons. 
They  keep  one  man,  on  the  road.  The 
gentlemen,  composing  the  firm,  are 
Mr.  Wm.  H.  Chafee,  and  Mr.  T.  S. 
O’Brien,  the  senior  proprietor,  is  a 
native  of  Baltimore,  the  junior,  of  Ire- 
land, and  both  have  been  identified 
with  the  business  of  Charleston  for 
over  thirty  years.  They  are  wide- 
awake, enterprising,  have  had  long 
experience,  and  are  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted, with  every  detail  of  the  busi- 
ness. They  are,  prompt  and  reliable 
dealers,  and  their  house,  is  so  man- 
aged, and  conducted,  as  to  be  a credit, 
to  the  commercial  and  mercantile  in- 
terests of  the  largest  city,  of  the  State. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


81 


JAMES  M.  SEIGNIOUS, 

Cotton  Factor  and  General  Com- 
mission Merchant,  Brown’s 
Wharf. 


Among  the  numerous  firms  carry- 
ing on  a cotton  factorage  and  commis- 
sion business  in  Charleston,  that  of 
James  M.  Seignious  deserves  special 
mention.  Mr.  Seignious  was  formerly 
of  the  house  of  Sloan  & Seignious, 
which  carried  on  a prosperous  busi- 
ness from  1870  till  1881,  when  it  dis- 
solved bjr  mutual  consent.  Since  then 
he  has  continued  alone  and  has  in- 
creased his  engagements  till  he  now 
ranks  as  one  of  the  city’s  most  enter- 
prising, progressive  and  rising  mer- 
chants. His  office  is  conveniently 
located  on  Brown’s  Wharf,  in  the  very 
center  of  the  cotton  business  of  Charles- 
ton, the  sample  room  attached  having 
a good  light  for  the  close  examination 
of  cotton  staple.  He  lias  accounts 
with  many  of  the  leading  growers 
throughout  South  Carolina  and  Geor- 
gia, and  makes  liberal  advances  on 
consignments,  and  parties  who  do 
business  with  the  house  will  find  Mr. 
Seignious  attentive  to  and  quick  in 
fulfilling  their  wants.  His  detailed 
experience  renders  him  most  fit  to  at- 
tend to  all  the  details  of  the  business, 
which  necessitates  the  employment  of 
a number  of  skilled  and  competent 
assistants,  who  are,  like  their  master, 
courteous  and  polite  to  all  callers. 
By  his  strict  and  correct  methods 
in  all  transactions,  Mr.  Seignious 
has  gained  the  confidence  of  many 
patrons,  and  holds  an  envied  place  in 
mercantile  circles.  Outside  of  cotton 
he  takes  a deep  interest  in  many  lead- 
ing industrial  enterprises  of  the  State; 
is  one  of  the  original  stockholders  of 
the  Atlantic  Phosphate  Company, 
Union  Press  Company,  Charleston 
Bagging  Factory,  and  other  compa- 


nies of  like  magnitude.  He  com- 
menced business  in  the  office  of  the 
Charleston  Daily  News  soon  after  the 
close  of  the  civil  war.  In  1868  he  ac- 
cepted the  responsible  position  of 
teacher  in  one  of  the  large  institutes 
of  the  city.  This  he  resigned  a year 
later  to  accept  the  position  of  cash  and 
journal  book-keeper  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank.  In  1870  he  left  their 
employ  to  enter  the  arena  of  mercan- 
tile life,  for  which  his  training  and 
desire  suited  him,  and  in  which  he 
has  since  made  himself  prominent, 
bringing  to  bear  on  all  his  dealings 
and  business  methods,  an  executive, 
promptness  and  absolute  correctness, 
as  well  as  carrying  out  the  honorable 
name  which  has  always  characterized 
the  ancient  Carolinian  families,  which, 
on  the  paternal  side,  trace  their  descent 
to  the  French  Huguenots,  and  on  the 
maternal  to  the  English  Cavalier — of 
which  he  is  the  descendant.  He  takes 
an  active  interest  in  and  is  an  influ- 
ential member  of  the  Democratic  par- 
ty of  the  State.  He  served  as  delegate 
to  the  State  Convention  in  1880,  and 
has  several  times  refused  nomination 
for  State  legislator  and  alderman  of 
the  city,  his  increasing  business  en- 
gagements demanding  his  undivided 
attention. 

Pie  rendered  valuable  service  to  the 
Confederate  Government,  during  the 
late  civil  war.  He  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, and  is  therefore  well  and  favor- 
ably known  in  social  life.  He  married 
the  daughter  of  F.  J.  Pelzer,  the  head 
of  the  well  known  cotton  firm  of  Pel- 
zer, Rodgers  & Co.,  a lady  whose  ac- 
complishments have  given  her  a place 
as  one  of  the  figures  of  Carolina  society. 

RUTLEDGE  & YOUNG, 
Counsellors  at  Law. 

One  of  the  eminent,  successful,  and 
widely  known  lawyers  of  the  State  of 
South  Carolina  is  Mr.  B.  H.  Rutledge, 
of  the  firm  of  Rutledge  & Young, 
located  at  26  Broad  street,  Charleston. 


82 


City  of  Charleston. 


He  was  born  in  Sumter  County,  and 
received  his  early  education  there, 
and  afterward  graduated  from  Yale 
College  with  distinction  and  honor. 
He  studied  law  with  Mr.  J.  L.  Petigru, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
Courts  of  the  State  at  Columbia,  S.  C., 
in  1852.  He  afterwards  became  a 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Whaley  & 
Rutledge.  He  practiced  his  profession 
up  to  the  troublous  times  just  before 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  He  was 
a member  of  the  Secession  Convention 
of  South  Carolina,  and  left  the  con- 
vention at  the  inception  of  hostilities 
to  take  command  as  Captain  of 
the  Charleston  Light  Dragoons,  and 
emerged  from  the  war  as  Colonel  of 
his  regiment.  In  October,  1865,  he 
formed  his  present  partnership.  He 
is  a successful  practitioner  and  holds 
a prominent  rank  among  the  members 
of  the  legal  profession  in  the  State, 
being  a prompt,  active,  reliable  busi- 
ness man,  who  has  established  a per- 
manent reputation  and  gained  the 
confidence  of  the  whole  community 
by  the  able,  efficient  and  correct  man- 
ner in  which  he  conducts  his  profes- 
sional duties.  He  possesses  a thor- 
ough knowledge  of  legal  jurispru- 
dence, and  is  a gentleman  of  high 
character  and  sound  judgment,  and 
exerts  a large  influence  in  this  portion 
of  the  State.  Although  chiefly  en- 
gaged with  his  professional  duties, 
General  Rutledge  has  taken  active 
part  in  all  the  political  contests  in  the 
State  since  the  war — lias  been  a mem- 
ber of  many  conventions,  was  Con- 
gressional Elector  for  this  Congres- 
sional District  in  1868,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  for  two 
terms.  The  individual  members  of 
this  firm  are  Mr.  Benjamin  Huger 
Rutledge,  and  Mr.  Henry  Edward 
Young.  Mr.  Rutledge  was  appointed 
Brigadier  General  of  State  Y olunteers 
in  1876;  subsequently  made  Major 
General  and  resigned  in  1882. 

The  junior  member  of  the  firm,  is 
one  of  the  well  known  and  popular 
residents  of  Charleston ; became  asso- 


ciated with  Mr.  Rutledge  in  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law  in  Charleston  in  1865, 
and  during  these  many  years  they 
have  served  the  public  professionally 
with  honor  and  dignity,  and  have 
rendered  efficient  services,  and  won 
the  confidence  of  the  people,  by  their 
upright,  honorable,  and  manly  course. 
Mr.  Young  was  born  in  the  vicinity 
of  Charleston,  and  graduated  with 
honor  and  distinction  from  Charleston 
College  in  1850.  He  then  went  abroad 
and  studied  for  over  three  years  in 
Berlin,  graduating  as  Dr.  Utr.  Jur. 
(L.L.D)  in  1854.  He  continued  bis 
studies  at  home  for  one  year  under  the 
late  James  L.  Petigru,  and  was  admit- 
ted at  Columbia  January,  1856,  and 
continued  in  the  active  practice  of  his 
profession  until  the  war.  He  held  the 
position  of  Captain  and  Assistant  Ad- 
jutant General  on  the  staff  of  General 
Drayton,  Major-General  Jones  and 
Lieutenant-General  Longstreet,  and 
filled  on  General  R.  E.  Lee’s  staff,  the 
position  of  Major  and  Judge  Advocate 
General.  Mr.  Young  is  thoroughly 
proficient  and  conversant  with  the 
law,  and  enjo}^  a high  distinction  as 
one  of  the  foremost  of  the  leading, 
influential,  skilled  practitioners  of  the 
State.  He  is  prompt  and  attentive  to 
his  professional  duties,  and  during  his 
business  career  has  made  many  friends, 
and  has  become  popular,  both  as  a 
professional  man  and  a citizen. 

S.  A.  NELSON  & CO., 

Wholesale  Dealers  in  Boots  and. 

Shoes. 

One  among  the  many  large,  import- 
ant and  extensive  mercantile  estab- 
lishments, in  Charleston,  is  that  of  the 
Messrs.  S.  A.  Nelson  & Co.,  wholesale 
dealers  in  boots  and  shoes,  located  at 
No.  23  Hayne  street.  This  house  was 
established  by  its  present  proprietors 
in  1875.  The  building  is  a large  four- 
story  brick  structure  30x110  feet  in 
dimensions,  all  of  which  is  utilized  in 
this  business.  The  stock  is  large,  full 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


S3 


and  complete,  having  a representative 
value  of  thirty  thousand  dollars.  In 
it  will  be  found  everything,  of  all 
qualites  and  styles,  for  men,  women, 
misses  and  children,  including  men’s 
fine  and  coarse  boots,  also  heavy  and 
fine  boots,  gaiters,  &c.  The  trade  done 
by  this  establishment  is  large,  extend- 
ing throughout  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  and  calling  into  requisition 
the  services  of  six  competent  assist- 
ants, to  attend  to  the  wants  of  their 
patrons.  The  gentlemen  constituting 
this  firm  are  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Nelson, 
and  Mr.  Lewis  A.  Nelson.  The 
former  is  a native  of  Massachusetts, 
and  came  to  South  Carolina  eighteen 
years  ago.  The  latter  was  born  in 
Charleston.  They  are  thorough-going 
business  men,  are  perfectly  conversant 
with  all  the  details  and  requirements 
of  their  line  of  trade,  give  careful  at- 
tention to  the  wants  of  their  patrons, 
and  are  esteemed,  both  as  merchants 
and  citizens. 

E.  AV.  PERCIVAL, 

Manufacturer  of  Doors,  Sashes, 
Blinds,  etc. 

The  building  interests  of  this  section 
of  the  country  occupy  a most  impor- 
tant place,  amongst  its  material  re- 
sources, and  all  these  enterprises  con- 
tingent upon  the  prosperity  of  the 
building  trade,  conserve,  in  a marked 
degree  the  industry,  which  called 
them  into  existence.  Of  such,  none 
are  more  useful  to  the  community, 
than  those  concerned  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  doors,  sash,  blinds,  etc.  En- 
gaged in  this  line  of  trade,  the  house 
of  E.  W.  Percival  is  well  known.  Mr. 
Percival  established  himself  six  years 
ago,  and  by  an  energetic  manner  of 
doing  business,  has  placed  himself  in 
the  front  rank  in  his  line  in  the  South- 
ern States.  His  premises,  spacious  and 
well  arranged,  have  a frontage  on 
Meeting  st.  of  180  ft.,  and  extend  143 
back.  The  factory,  80x100  ft.  in  ex- 
tent, is  large  and  furnished  with  the 


I best  and  latest  machinery  for  execut- 
ing the  work,  an  engine  of  25  horse- 
power being  called  into  requisition. 
Besides  that,  capacious  lumber  sheds 
are  utilized  for  storage  of  the  varied, 


and  first-class  well-seasoned  stock, 
which  is  being  constantly  replenished. 
On  the  ground  is  likewise  a comforta- 
ble and  well  appointed  office.  The 
firm  manufactures  sashes,  doors, 


84 


City  of  Charleston. 


blinds,  mouldings,  matchings,  newel 
posts,  and  in  fact,  everything  con- 
structed of  wood,  that  may  be  required 
in  the  building  industry,  the  services 
of  from  50  to  70  experienced  hands 
being  necessary  to  fill  the  constant 
and  ever  renewing  demands  for  their 
work.  Mr.  Percival  has  a large  and 
rapidly  increasing  trade  extending 
not  only  to  every  town  and  village  of 
S.  C.,  but  into  the  neighboring  States 
of  Ga.,  Fla.,  and  N.  C.  He  takes  con- 
tracts for  putting  in  the  wood-work  of 
a house,  or  number  of  houses. 
The  facilities  enjoyed  by  the  con- 
cern are  not  easily  duplicated.  In 
the  first  place,  the  proprietor  gives  his 
attention  to,  and  possesses  that  know- 
ledge of  all  details  of  the  business, 
which  can  only  be  so  thoroughly  ob- 
tained by  long  experience  and  close 
application.  Again,  the  facilities  of 
transport  are  such,  as  are  comprised  in 
the  fact,  that  the  railroad  is  in  close 
proximity  with  the  yard,  so  that  load- 
ing may  be  done  with  dispatch.  With 
these  advantages,  it  is  apparent  that 
that  Mr.  Percival  is  in  every  way  pre- 
pared to  compete,  in  all  points,  with 
any  contemporary  house  in  the  State, 
and  we  can  assure  our  readers  that 
they  will  find  the  business  of  the  firm, 
conducted  on  those  principles  of  fair- 
ness and  integrity,  that  will  redound 
in  all  instances  to  the  advantage  of  all 
concerned.  Socially,  Mr.  Percival  is  a 
well  known  and  popular  member  of 
the  community,  of  which  he  is  a na- 
tive. He  is  represented  on  the  road 
by  Mr.  Jas.  N.  Parramore,  whose 
knowledge  of  business  specially  fits 
him  to  his  duties  as  a trustworthy 
salesman. 

A.  McCOBB,  Jr., 

General  Commission  Merchant  and 
Dealer  in  Lime,  Cement,  etc. 

The  building  industries  of  a com- 
munity add  more  directly  and  appre- 
ciably to  the  growth  and  material 
prosperity,  and  contribute  more  to  the 
importance  of  the  localities  where 
they  are  established,  than  any  of  the  ‘ 


varied  business  ventures  in  which 
men  engage.  That  class  of  merchants 
who  deal  in  that  kind  of  merchandise, 
that  is  indispensably  requisite  and 
necessary  to  the  construction  of  our 
habitations,  is  indisputably  entitled  to 
our  highest  consideration,  as  most  im- 
portant factors  in  the  development  of 
the  resources  of  our  country.  The 
largest  and  most  extensive  house  in 
Charleston,  engaged  in  its  line  of  busi- 
ness is  that  of  A.  McCobb,  Jr.,  dealer 
in  lime,  cement,  plaster  paris,  also 
land  plaster  and  eastern  hay.  This 
business  was  established  shortly  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  and  has  gradu- 
ally and  steadily  grown,  till  it  has  at- 
tained greater  proportions  than  any 
other  house  of  the  kind  in  Charleston. 
The  premises  utilized  in  this  business, 
is  a spacious  store  located  at  No.  130 
East  Bay,  which,  aside  from  that  portion 
occupied  by  baled  hay,  is  filled  to  its 
full  cpaacity  with  these  various  kinds 
of  building  material,  and  plaster  for  the 
soil.  Besides  this  store  he  has  premises 
on  Hayneand  Queen  streets,  in  which, 
under  water-tight  sheds,  he  has  a 
large  stock  of  the  above,  and  of  the 
more  bulky  building  materials.  The 
trade  done  by  this  house,  extends 
throughout  the  city,  and  will  aggre- 
gate thousands  of  dollars  annually. 
The  facilities  enjoyed  by  this  concern 
are  not  easily  duplicated.  He  pro- 
cures his  supplies  from  first  hands, 
has  every  convenience  for  the  easy 
handling  of  the  class  of  commodities 
in  which  he  deals,  has  that  knowl- 
edge of  all  the  details  of  the  business 
which  can  only  be  thoroughly  ob- 
tained by  long  experience  and  close 
application.  With  these  facilities  Mr. 
McCobb  is  enabled  to  compete  at  all 
points,  with  any  contemporary  house 
not  only  in  Charleston,  but  in  South 
Carolina,  and  we  can  assure  our  read- 
ers that  they  will  find  the  business 
conducted  on  those  principles  of 
fairness  and  integrity,  that  make 
this  house  a desirable  one  to  deal 
with,  for  those  building  or  contem- 
plating to  build. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


85 


J BARRETT  COHEN, 

Counsellor  at  Law,  Library 
Building. 

The  legal  profession  of  the  City  of 
Charleston  is  well  and  ably  represent- 
ed by  Mr.  J.  Barrett  Cohen,  who  is  a 
native  of  South  Carolina,  and  after  re- 
ceiving his  early  education  in  the 
schools  and  academies  in  his  section 
of  the  State,  he  entered  Charleston  Col- 
lege, graduating  therefrom  in  1855, 
with  great  credit  to  himself.  Soon 
after  completing  his  college  course,  he 
became  a student  and  read  law  with 
the  firm  of  Memminger,  Jervey  & 
Wielkman,  under  whose  efficient  guid- 
ance he  made  rapid  progress,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  In  1859 
he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he 
practiced  his  profession  till  the  out- 
break of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to 
Charleston.  Until  1875  he  was  a part- 
ner with  R.  S.  Duryea,  in  this  city, 
and  since  that  period  has  conducted 
his  business  alone.  Mr.  Cohen  is  of  a 
very  ancient  family,  dating  its  origin 
back  over  140  years  in  South  Carolina. 
He  is  a gentleman  of  fine  attainments, 
is  thoroughly  conversant  with  the 
law,  and  is  highly  appreciated  by  a 
large  and  influential  clientage.  He 
is  prompt  and  attentive  to  his  profes- 
sional duties,  and  has  won  a leading 
position,  as  one  of  the  foremost  of  the 
legal  profession  in  this  State. 


R,  AT.  HAMBLIN, 

Jobber  and  Dealer  in  Millinery, 
Dry  Goods  and  Notions. 


THE  BOSTON  BAZAAR 

Stands  pre-eminent  among  mercan- 
tile establishments,  not  only  in 
Charleston,  but  in  the  Southern  sec- 
tion of  the  country,  for  the  area,  of 
its  premises,  their  complete,  and 


perfect  adaptation,  to  the  purposes, 
for  which  they  are  used,  and  also 
for  the  large  value  and  variety  of 
the  stock,  it  carries,  the  growing  im- 
portance, and  magnitude,  of  the  busi- 
ness, which  it  transacts,  and  in  the 
number  of  clerks,  or  employees,  to 
serve  the  throngs,  of  customers,  who 
find  it,  to  their  interest,  to  bestow 
their  patronage,  on  this  house.  This 
establishment,  may  be  justly  termed, 
the  Macy’s  of  the  South.  It  was 
founded,  by  Mr.  R.  AV.  Hamblin,  in 
1879,  is  eligibly  located,  at  Nos.  287 
and  289  King  street,  was  originally 
55x150  feet,  in  dimensions,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1880,  when  he  moved 
to  his  present  location,  he  expended, 
some  five  thousand  dollars,  in  build- 
ing an  addition,  of  30x70  feet,  in  the 
rear,  and  in  improvements,  to  the 
premises.  It  is  conveniently,  taste- 
fully, and  admirably  arranged,  and 
adapted  for,  the  sale  of  all  the  various 
kinds  of  merchandise  kept  in  its  dif- 
ferent departments.  In  their  respec- 
tive departments,  he  carries  dry  goods, 
cloaks,  ladies’  underwear,  small  wares, 
fancy  goods,  gents’  furnishing  goods, 
notions,  toys,  &c.,  while  his  stock  of 
wholesale  and  retail  millinery,  is  the 
most  varied  and  extensive  in  the 
State,  and  in  consequence  his  list  of 
wholesale  customers,  already  a large 
one,  is  rapidly  increasing. 

The  first  floor  containing  nearly 
ten  thousand  square  feet  of  surface, 
with  two  entrances  from  the  street,  is 
used  exclusively  for  the  retail  trade, 
the  second  floor  for  the  wholesale. 
The  stock,  is  kept  complete,  in  every 
department,  and  is  being  constantly 
renewed,  by  the  arrival  of  fresh  in- 
voices, and  something  new,  beautiful, 
and  useful,  can  always  be  found,  upon 
the  counters  and  shelves.  It  is  pur- 
chased direct,  from  first  hands,  and 
has  been  carefully  selected,  for  a first 
class  trade,  and  inducements,  can  be 
had,  at  this  house,  that  cannot  be 
equalled  by  any  other,  in  this  section 
of  country.  Mr.  Hamblin,  is  a native 
1 of  Boston,  moved  to  Charleston  in 


86 


City  of  Charleston. 


1879 ; is  an  active,  enterprising,  pro- 
gressive business  man.  Besides  his 
house  in  this  cit}q  he  has  had  branch 
houses  in  Augusta,  Savannah  and 
Jacksonville,  and  keeps  two  men  on 
the  road  in  South  Carolina.  He  has 
a thorough  knowledge  of  this  line  of 
business,  and  being  familiar  with  the 
wants  of  his  hosts  of  patrons,  knows 
exactly  how  to  supply  them  with  the 
best  quality  of  goods,  at  the  very  low- 
est prices.  It  is  his  intention  in  the 
spring  to  add  a department  for  the 
sale  of  carpets  and  window  shades. 
He  controls  a large,  wide-spread  cus- 
tom, and  is  always  prompt,  and  earn- 
est, in  his  endeavors  to  meet  its 
demands,  in  a satisfactory  manner, 
He  is  one  of  the  most  pushing  and 
progressive  merchants  in  the  South- 
ern States,  a prompt,  reliable,  thor- 
ough-going business  man,  a good  and 
useful  citizen. 

F.  WEHMANN, 

Groceries,  Wines  and  Liquors  etc., 
287  and  289  East  Bay. 

This  store,  established  by  its  pres- 
ent proprietor  upwards  of  forty  years 
ago,  is  well  and  favorably  known  to 
the  older  inhabitants,  as  well  as  to  the 
more  recent  generations  of  South  Car- 
olina. 

Here,  in  the  grocery  store  proper, 
with  a frontage  on  East  Bay  of  twen- 
ty-five and  depth  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  on  Laurens  street,  may  be 
found  a large  stock  of  fancy  and  staple 
groceries,  canned  goods  in  all  their  va- 
rieties, teas  and  coffees  of  guaranteed 
qualities,  pure  spices,  dried  fruits, 
sugars  of  every  grade,  condiments  and 
table  delicacies,  best  brands  of  family 
flour,  etc.  In  another  department  the 
choicest  old  wines,  liquors,  brandies 
and  ales  of  all  the  best  makes  and 
the  choicest  brands  of  segars  and  to- 
baccos are  kept.  Among  the  latter 
might  be  mentioned  the  ‘‘Lucy  Win- 
ton,”  which,  for  flavor  and  fragrancy 
cannot  be  surpassed.  In  the  rear  of 


the  grocery  store,  is  a large  two-story 
barn,  where  a full  and  complete  stock 
of  feed-stuffs,  hay,  corn,  oats,  peas, 
barley,  etc.,  is  kept  constantly  on 
hand.  Besides  this  Mr.  Wehmann 
keeps  a supply  of  fine  bitters  of  his  own 
manufacture,  which  are  labelled  with 
his  name,  “Wehmann’s  Bitters”, 
the  best  guarantee  of  their  high  qual- 
ity. They  form  an  efficient  remedy 
for  chills  and  fevers,  and  are  especial- 
ly valuable  for  curing  the  malarial 
affections,  to  which  the  inhabitants  of 
the  low  countries  are  subject. 

The  premises  are  spacious,  well  ar- 
ranged and  adapted  to  the  business. 
The  trade,  which  is  largely  increas- 
ing, extends  throughout  the  city  and 
country,  where  an  extensive  whole- 
sale business  is  done ; in  the  city  the 
shipping  is  largely  supplied.  Mr. 
Wehmann,  himself  a gentleman  of 
obliging  manner,  employs  seven  com- 
petent and  polite  assistants.  Con- 
nected with  the  establishment,  are  a 
wagon  and  horse  and  mule,  which  he 
keeps  almost  constantly  employed. 

Mr.  Wehmann  is  a live,  progressive 
and  popular  business  man.  He  is  a 
native  of  Hanover,  and  since  coming  to 
this  country,  by  his  energy,  perse- 
verance and  honorable  dealing,  has 
won  success  and  founded  a house 
which  is  a credit  to  the  city  of  Charles- 
ton. As  a citizen  he  is  much  esteemed 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the 
Freundschafts  Bund,  where  he  is  one 
of  the  leading  spirits. 

JOSEPH  T.  DILL  & CO., 

Factors  and  Commission  Merchants, 

No.  2 South  Atlantic  Wharf. 

As  the  commerce  of  a community 
advances,  its  merchants,  while  they 
increase  their  monetary  transac- 
tions, become  more  and  more  limited 
in  the  number  of  •articles  they  han- 
dle. Formerly,  and  it  is  still  so  in 
some  outlying  villages  in  our  country, 
the  storekeeper  did  not  confine  him- 
self to  dealing  in  one  line  of  goods, 


87 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


for  his  stock  contained  everything, 
from  a bale  of  cotton,  down  to  a box 
of  pins,  or  pot  of  jelly.  In  Charleston 
we  find  one  or  two  factors  making  a 
specialty  of  Sea  Island  cotton,  and  first 


amongst  them  comes  the  firm  of 
Joseph  T.  Dill  & Co.,  whose  office  is 
conveniently  located  at  2 South  At- 
lantic Wharf,  the  sample  room  attach- 
ed, being  provided  with  a good  light 
for  the  examination  of  samples.  They 
are  the  largest  dealers  in  this  market, 
and  rank  as  one  of  the  most  extensive 
handlers  of  the  long  staple  in  the 
South,  passing  through  their  books 
from  4000  to  5000  bags  in  the  season. 
This  is  obtained  from  the  best  planta- 
tions along  the  coast,  and  is  the  finest 
grade,  the  strongest  and  longest  staple 
cotton  produced  in  the  world,  the 
prices  ranging  from  40c.  to  115c.  per 
pound.  This  is  mostly  supplied  to 
the  Willimantic  and  other  Northern 
mills,  French  and  English  lace  and 
thread  mills,  whose  products  are  in 
household  use,  not  only  in  the  United 
States  and  Europe,  but  may  be  obtain- 
ed, wherever  in  the  civilized  or  bar- 
baric world,  lace  and  thread  is  used. 
Thus  the  cotton  handled  by  J.  T.  Dill 
& Co.  reaches  over  a larger  consum- 
ing area  than  almost  any  other  article 
of  merchandise  in  the  world.  The  busi- 
ness was  for  many  years  carried  on 
successfully  under  the  name  of  Fraser 
& Dill,  which  firm  dissolving  in  1876, 
Mr.  Dill  continued  a prosperous  career 
alone,  and  was  joined  in  1883  by  Mr. 
J.  A.  Ball,  the  name  becoming  Joseph  T. 
Dill  & Co.  The  business  transactions 
of  the  house  are  steadily  increasing, 
and  necessitate  the  services  of  four 
competent  assistants,  The  firm  makes 
liberal  advances  to  growers,  and  are 
always  alive  to  their  patrons’  interests, 
taking  every  care  to  make  advantage- 
ous terms  with  them,  and  attending 
promptly  to  all  charges  put  into  their 
hands.  Mr.  Dill,  the  senior  member 


of  the  firm,  is  a native  of  the'  city, 
where  he  has  long  been  known  as  an 
honorable,  skilled  and  reliable  mer- 
chant and  respected  citizen,  while  his 
partner,  Mr.  J.  Alwyn  Ball,  also  a 
native  of  Charleston,  and  likewise  car- 
rying on  business  of  Notary  Public, 
served  him  as  confidential  employee 
for  seven  years,  and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  city’s  energetic  and  rising 
men. 

WILLIAM  S.  HASTIE  & SON, 

Life  and  Fire  Insurance  Agents 
and  Stock  Brokers, 

56  Broad  Street. 

Mr.  William  S.  Hastie  commenced 
his  business  career  in  New  York  in 
1832,  being  the  resident  partner  in 
that  city  of  six  concerns  located  in 
the  Southern  States.  In  1S51  he 
closed  his  interest  in  these  firms,  and 
after  an  extended  tour  in  Europe  he 
moved  to  Charleston,  S.  C.,  in  1853,  as 
a partner  of  the  late  lion.  P.  C.  Cal- 
houn, president  of  the  Fourth  National 
Bank,  of  New  York,  who  had  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  com- 
merce of  that  city  for  many  years. 
The  firm  of  Hastie,  Calhoun  & Co., 
wholesale  dealers  in  Saddlery,  Hard- 
ware, &c.,  always  enjoyed  high  credit 
and  continued  in  business  until  1869. 
It  was  the  successor  of  a house  found- 
ed in  Charleston,  in  1815,  by  William 
Wright,  personally,  who  subsequently 
became  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and 
United  States  Senator  in  Congress  from 
that  State. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  Mr. 
Hastie  aided  in  establishing  the 
Charleston  Board  of  Trade,  and  was 
its  first  president,  and  is  now  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  England  Society,  and 
has  occupied  many  positions  of  confi- 
dence and  responsibility.  During  an 
active  business  life  of  half  a century, 
he  has  never  failed  to  meet  his  obli- 
gations. 

In  1869,  he  associated  with  him, his 


88 


City  of  Charleston. 


son,  W in.  S.  Hastie,  Jr.,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Wm.  S.  Hastie  & Son.  Their 
business  is  that  of  Stock  Brokers,  and 
they  also  have  a large  Life  and  Fire 
Insurance  Agency,  representing  the 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  of 
New  York,  together  with  the  Lanca- 
shire and  Norwich  Union  Fire  Insu- 
rance Companies,  of  England,  and 
other  corporations ; they  have,  also, 
done  the  collection  business  for  the 
Fourth  National  Bank  of  New  York, 
for  many  years. 

Mr.  Hastie,  Jr.,  is  a gentleman  of 
recognized  ability  and  enterprise,  and 
has  the  full  confidence  of  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  lives. 

A.  P.  OTIS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 
Coal  and  AVood., 


In  a comprehensive  review  of  the 
important  commercial  advantages  of 
Charleston,  the  extensive  business  con- 
ducted by  Air.  A.  P.  Otis,  in  handling 
coal,  the  most  valuable  production  of 
nature’s  secret  laboratory  may  well 
claim  a brief  portion  of  our  space. 
The  business  was  established  in  1879, 
by  F.  H.  Trenholm,  whom  the  present 
proprietor  bought  out  in  June,  1882, 
and  has  since  enjoyed  a large  and  in- 
creasing custom.  The  house  deals 
extensively  by  cargo  and  carload,  and 
the  facilities  for  supplying  the  retail 
trade,  embrace  a depot,  having  a sto- 
rage capacity  of  many  thousands  of 
tons,  at  Wilcox,  Gibbs  & Co.’s  wharf, 
where  they  can  unload  the  largest  ship 
coming  into  Charleston,  and  also,  a 


yard,  63x300  feet  in  dimensions,  at  112 
Meeting  street,  from  whence  the  coal 
is  delivered  to  all  parts  of  the  city. 
The  main  office  is  also  at  112  Aleeting 
street.;  they  have  besides,  a branch  at 
30  Broad  st.  The  engagements  of  the 
firm  necessitate  the  employment  of  8 
competent  hands  and  5 carts.  These 
latter,  the  so-called  “ Patent  Lock 
Carts,”  an  invention  of  Air.  Otis’  prede- 
decessor,  are  a wonderful  improvement 
in  facilitating  and  quickening  the 
handling  of  coal,  on  the  old  fashioned 
style.  Not  only  does  the  structure  in- 
sure against  any  loss  after  the  load  has 
been  weighed,  but  a ton  of  coal  can  be 
emptied  in  a second  of  time,  without 
the  driver  having  to  leave  his  seat. 
They  have  a closed  and  movable  top, 
while  the  bottom  is  constructed  on  the 
principle  of  a folding  door,  and  is 
readily  dropped  down  by  relieving  a 
lever  convenient  to  the  driver’s  hand, 
and  by  means  of  which  he  at  once  re- 
turns the  halves  of  the  bottom  to  their 
natural  place.  The  whole  is  also  light 
and  durable.  This  cart  makes  an  in- 
correct weight  impossible,  and  dirt  in- 
excusable. The  methods  of  conduct- 
ing business  of  the  firm,  are,  therefore, 
unequalled  by  any  practised  by  their 
contemporaries,  and  these  advantages 
are  promptly  placed  at  the  disposal  of 
customers.  Air.  Otis,  the  sole  owner 
of  this  concern,  is  well  and  widely 
known  in  this,  the  city  of  his  nativity, 
as  well  as  throughout  the  State,  where 
he  holds  a large  patronage.  He  is 
prompt,  liberal  and  enterprizing,  never 
unsol icitous  for  the  benefit  of  custom- 
ers, and  always  prepared  to  offer  in- 
ducements to  the  trade,  in  keeping  with 
such  a reputation. 

JULIUS  ROUMILLAT, 
Pharmacist. 

The  druggists  of  Charleston  are  ably 
represented  by  the  proprietor  of  this 
enterprising  house,  who  has  a pleasant 
and  desirable  location  at  No.  4 Broad 
street.  This  business  has  been  estab- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


179 


E.  R.  COWPERTHW AIT, 
Furniture  AY  a r e Rooms. 

Mr.  E.  R.  CWperthwait,  is  by  far 
the  largest,  and  most  extensive  dealer, 
in  furniture,  in  the  city,  and  probably 
in  the  State.  His  establishment,  is 
one  of  the  most  important,  and  com- 
modious, and  centrally  located,  at  No. 
305  King  street,  is  27^x150  feet  in 
dimensions,  is  three  stories  high.  It 
is  admirably  arranged,  for  the  busi- 
ness, and  is  stocked,  with  as  varied  an 
assortment,  of  furniture,  as  can  be 
found,  in  any  warerooms,  in  the  South- 
ern States,  embracing  parlor,  office, 
school,  and  dining  room  furniture,  bed 
room  sets,  tables,  chairs,  sofas,  tete  et 
tetes,  lounges,  rockers,  in  fact  every- 
thing that  can  be  conceived  of  in  this 
line,  from  the  plain  deal  table  to  the 
most  elaborate  article  of  household 
goods,  in  the  most  elegant  designs,  in 
modern  and  medieval  styles,  embrac- 
ing Elizabethan,  Queen  Anne,  and 
many  new  and  original  creations,  all 
of  which,  are  made  in  the  best  man- 
ner, and  upholstered,  in  every  color, 
and  shade,  of  velvet,  plush,  satin,  and 
rep,  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art. 
This  house  was  established,  by  its  pres- 
ent proprietor,  in  this  city,  and  in 
King  street,  in  1832,  and  during  the 
many  years  of  its  existence,  has  es- 
caped unscathed,  by  fire,  or  water. 
From  1840  to  1844,  Mr.  Cowperthwait, 
had  a partner,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Cowperthwait  & Co.,  with  that  excep- 
tion, the  founder  thereof,  has  been, 
and  still  is,  its  sole  proprietor.  Straight- 
forward in  all  his  dealings,  he  is  one 
of  the  oldest,  and  most  popular,  'mer- 
chants, in  the  State.  Mr.  Cowper- 
thwait, is  a native  of  New  York  City, 
moved  to  and  has  resided  in  Charles- 
ton, since  1828.  He  is  a thorough- 
going business  man,  is  an  honored 
member  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  takes  an 
active  part,  in  its  councils,  and  an  in- 
terest in  whatever  will  promote  the 
prosperity  of  this  honored  society,  of 
which  for  forty  years,  he  has  been  a 
prominent  member. 


J.  N.  PEECKSEN, 

Grocer, 

519  King  St. 

The  grocery  store  of  Mr.  -J.  N. 
Peecksen,  has  been  carried  on  by  him 
now  three  years.  In  the  fall  of  ’80  he 
bought  out  the  former  owners,  AV.  H. 
Kriete  & Co.  The  premises,  located 
on  the  corner  of  King  and  Radcliffe 
sts.  are  attractive,  and  interiorly  fitted 
up  with  ample  shelving,  conveniently 
arranged  for  the  furtherance  of  the 
large  wholesale  and  retail  business  the 
house  carries  on.  He  keeps  on  hand 
an  assortment  of  choice  family  and 
staple  groceries,  comprising  new  crop 
teas,  and  the  best  coffees,  spices,  but- 
ter, cheese,  sugars  and  syrups,  condi- 
ments and  table  delicacies,  and  the 
best  brands  of  famil}T  flour.  Parties 
wishing  it,  may  have  their  cofiees 
parched  and  ground  when  ordering 
them,  so  that  they  obtain  the  full 
fragrance  of  the  bean.  Air.  Peecksen, 
also  keeps  an  equipment  of  foreign 
and  domestic  wines  and  liquors.  The 
average  value  of  his  stock  will  amount 
to  some  $4,000.  For  the  convenience 
of  his  customers,  who  reside  in  the 
city  and  lower  counties  of  the  State, 
he  keeps  a wagon  for  delivery,  and 
employs  five  competent  assistants. 

Mr.  Peecksen  was  born  in  Lock- 
stadt,  Hanover,  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try eight  years  ago,  and  by  his  ener- 
gy, has  built  up  a first-class  custom, 
and  gained  the  reputation  he  enjoys 
in  the  community. 

HAMPTON  SMITH, 

The  position  of  detective  in  any  city 
is  an  arduous  and  necessary  one  ; and 
in  a seaport  town,  where  subjects  of  so 
many  nations  meet,  its  duties  become 
extremely  difficult  to  perform,  and 
still  more  so  when  there  live,  side 
by  side,  the  white  and  the  black.  Mr. 
H.  Smith,  the  present  chief  of  the 
force  is  a native  of  Charleston,  and 
was  for  several  years  lieutenant  of  Po- 


180 


» 


City  of  Charleston. 


lice  in  this  city,  rendering  valuable 
ancl  gallant  service  to  the  community, 
in  the  riots  of  1S76,  when  it  required 
great  daring  and  nerve  on  the  part  of 
our  officers  to  keep  the  peace.  On  one 
of  these  occasions,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  exemplified  great  pluck,  and 
in  the  disturbance  received  a severe 
gunshot  wound.  He  was  for  several 
years  engaged  with  the  South  Carolina 
Railroad  Company;  January,  1884, 
was  appointed  to  his  present  position, 
and  as  is  known,  has  shown  himself, 
in  the  efficient  discharge  of  its  oner- 
ous duties,  fully  worthy  the  choice. 
He  is  much  liked  by  ail,  and  is  ably 
assisted  by  Messrs.  Mitchell,  Miller, 
and  Levin,  gentlemen  popular  with 
our  citizens. 

LEON  DRUELLE, 

Merchant  Tailor, 

74  Broad  St. 

Mr.  Leon  Druelle  established  him- 
self as  a merchant  tailor  in  Charleston 
twenty-two  years  ago.  His  store  is 
centrally  located  at  No.  74  Broad 
street.  His  trade  is  a fine  one,  ex- 
clusively custom.  The  best  class  of 
work  is  done  at  this  house.  Meas- 
ures are  taken,  and  the  best  fitting- 
garments,  trimmed  and  made  in  the 
most  durable  manner,  accurate  in  cut, 
are  furnished  at  short  notice.  There 
is  a full  stock  of  fine  French  cassi- 
meres  and  broad  cloths,  suitings,  vest- 
ings, &c.,  from  which  to  make  selec- 
tion. The  best  of  tailors  are  em- 
ployed, and  artistic  taste  in  cutting  is 
one  of  the  features  of  this  house.  The 
store  is  nicely  fitted  up,  having  every 
convenience  for  the  business.  The 
stock  carried  has  a representative 
value  of  two  thousand  dollars.  His 
trade  is  large,  extending  throughout 
South  Carolina,  calling  into  requisi- 
tion the  services  of  six  competent 
workmen.  His  patrons  include  the 
best  classes  in  the  city,  and  the  house 
is  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  kind. 
He  studies  to  please  his  customers, 
and  provides  jnst  what  is  wanted,  just 


when  the  people  want  it.  His  facili- 
ties for  supplying  fresh  goods  of  the 
newest  design  are  unsurpassed,  and 
the  trade  are  made  aware  of  this  fact 
by  a visit  to  this  popular  business 
house.  Mr.  Druelle,  'was  born  in 
Paris,  came  to  this  country  in  1855, 
and  some  years  later,  established  him- 
self in  business  in  Charleston,  where 
he  is  well  known,  and  highly  es- 
teemed. 

HOTEL  VICTORIA, 
Charleston. 

F.  Opdebeck,  Proprietor. 

Amongthe  several  hotels  in  Charles- 
ton, the  old  and  long-established  hos- 
telrie,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Vic- 
toria, enjoys  a high  degree  of  popu- 
larity, and  under  its  present  efficient 
management  receives  a liberal  patron- 
age. The  building  is  a substantial 
and  attractive  brick  structure,  central- 
ly and  eligibly  located  on  King  street, 
one  of  the  most  pleasant  and  f ashion- 
able  streets  of  the  city.  It  is  fifty  feet 
in  width,  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  in 
depth,  and  has  stretching  across  the 
front,  a piazza  even  with  the  floor  of 
the  parlors  on  the  second  story,  tfie 
windows  of  which  are  what  are  termed 
French,  opening  in  the  centre  verti- 
cally like  doors,  and  from  which  the 
piazzas  are  accessible,  and  where  a 
fine  view  can  be  had  at  the  concourse 
of  people  passing  up  and  down  this 
the  principal  street  for  the  first-class 
retail  trade  of  Charleston ; it  being- 
one  of  only  two  of  its  streets  running 
the  whole  length  of  the  city,  and  is 
lined  on  either  side  with  the  most  at- 
tractive and  pretentious  retail  estab- 
lishments for  the  dry  and  fancy  goods 
trade,  making  it  a desirable  and  con- 
venient hotel  for  a stranger  to  stop  at. 
It  is  built  of  red  brick,  with  stone 
trimmings,  is  five  stories  in  height. 
From  the  roof  an  admirable  view  can 
be  had,  stretching  over  a range  of 
miles  in  and  about  the  city.  The  in- 
terior is  most  conveniently  divided  up, 
and  admirably  adapted  for  a hotel. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


89 


lishecl  ten  or  twelve  years,  and  on  May 
1st,  1882,  Mr.  Romnillat  bought  out 
the  former  proprietor,  and  opened  busi- 
ness for  himself  under  its  present 
name.  The  store  is  20x40  feet  in  size, 
and  is  handsomely  fitted  up  and  com- 
fortably arranged,  and  contains  a large 
and  valuable  supply  of  goods  in  drugs 
and  chemicals.  The  amount  in  stock 
is  over  83000,  and  three  skilful,  com- 
petent assistants  are  required  in  con- 
ducting the  business  of  the  house. 
The  store  exhibits  a handsome  variety 
in  fancy  articles,  perfumeries,  toilet 
articles,  fancy  boxes,  decorated  vials, 
etc.  Physicians’  prescriptions  are  es- 
pecial, and  important  items,  and  are 
prepared  with  every  attention  in  re- 
gard to  the  accuracy  of  their  composi- 
tion. He  has  a large*  and  rapidly  in- 
creasing custom,  and  being  courteous 
and  affable,  and  furnishing  the  best 
class  of  goods,  and  the  purest  and  most 
reliable  drugs,  etc.,  has  established  a 
name  and  reputation  as  a first-class 
pharmacist,  second  to  no  other  in  this 
section  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Round llat  is  a gentleman  of 
large  experience,  and  during  his  busi- 
ness career  in  Charleston  has  been 
eminently  successful,  and  enjoys  a 
high  degree  of  popularity  in  this  com- 
munity, both  as  a sterling  business 
man  and  citizen.  A special  -prepara- 
tion of  his  is  the  East  India  Remed}'' 
and  others,  and  many  testimonials  are 
received,  speaking  highly  of  their 
many  curative  properties. 

WM.  FISCHER, 

General  Engraver  and  Jeweler. 

Since  1865  Mr.  William  Fischer  has 
been  established  in  this  city  as  an  en- 
graver and  chaser.  His  shop  is  lo- 
cated at  No.  307  King  street,  second 
floor  in  rear.  The  work  done  is  chief- 
ly for  the  jewelry  trade,  and  of  the 
finest  style  of  art  and  taste.  His 
workshop  is  fully  equipped  with  all 
the  finest  tools  and  implements  for 
the  business. 

7 


Mr.  Fischer  is  a native  of  Germany, 
(Principality  Schwarzburg  Londers- 
hausen,)  came  to  South  Carolina  when 
sixteen  years  old,  served  an  appren- 
ticeship in  Charleston,  where,  as  be- 
fore stated,  he  commenced  business  on 
his  own  account  in  1865. 

The  work  done  b}^  him  will  bear 
favorable  comparison  in  style,  art  and 
taste,  with  that  of  any  engraver  on 
gold  and  silver  in  the  Southern  States. 
During  the  late  war  he  did  much  fine 
work  for  the  Confederate  Govern- 
ment, and,  more  recently,  he  received 
three  silver  medals,  one  from  the  South 
Carolina  Agricultural  and  Mechani- 
cal Society  exhibit,  and  two  from  the 
Agricultural  Society  of  South  Caro- 
lina (Charleston),  for  the  best  speci- 
mens of  engraving  and  manufacturing 
Masonic  gold  jewels.  He  enjoys  high 
reputation  as  an  artist,  and  is  es- 
teemed for  his  sterling  qualities  as  a 
man. 

JAS.  S.  SIMMONS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 
Choice  Family  Groceries. 

Conspicuous  for  its  rapid  increase 
of  business  is  the  commodious  and 
well  stocked  wholesale  and  retail 
grocery  store  of  J.  L.  Simmons,  641 
King  street,  40x70  feet  in  dimensions. 
It  claims  more  than  passing  com- 
ment for  its  ample  accommodation  for 
the  large  and  varied  stock  of  staple 
and  fancy  groceries,  teas,  coffees, 
spices,  grocers’  sundries,  etc.,  from 
which  a trade  is  trahsacted  extending 
throughout  the  city  and  country, 
having  started  in  September  last, 
1883.  Prior  to  this  Mr.  Simmons  for 
a number  of  years  rendered  valuable 
service  by  his  thorough  acquaintance 
with  every  detail  of  the  business,  to 
one  of  our  most  prosperous  and  influ- 
ential grocery  merchants,  giving  him 
additional  knowledge  in  the  wants  of 
his  patrons,  and  materially  assisting 
in  the  buying  of  his  stock,  which  is 
the  most  complete  in  the  city,  com- 


90 


City  of  Charleston. 


prising  staple  and  fancy  groceries, 
wines,  liquors,  ales,  beer,  etc.,  and  cigars 
and  tobacco  in  all  grades  and  brands. 
The  only  place  where  the  celebrated 
Simmons’  Selection  Cigar  can  be  ob- 
tained— acknowledged  to  be  the  best 
5 cent  cigar  in  the  city.  A large  and 
well  appointed  sample  room,  adjoins 
the  grocery  department,  always  re- 
plete with  the  best  of  foreign  and  do- 
mestic liquors,  wines,  etc.  Also  a 
spacious  wagon  yard,  will  be  found 
attached  to  this  establishment,  where 
the  comfort  and  security  of  his  coun- 
try patrons  and  others  visiting  the 
city,  will  receive  his  personal  atten- 
tion. Mr.  Simmons  is  a young  man, 
a native  of  this  city,  and  the  marked 
success  which  has  crowned  this  enter- 
prise, is  the  just  reward  of  his  honor- 
able business  methods. 


Dresses  as  now  worn  were  almost 
impracticable  and  impossible  to  the 
female  community  before  the  inven- 
tion of  the  machine  stitch.  Formerly, 
nine  or  ten  yards  was  the  average 
quantity  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
an  ordinary  dress,*  and  the  number  of 
stitches  demanded  as  much  outlay  of 
labor  as,  and  was  more  expensive 
than,  the  common  dress  of  the  present 
day,  which  consumes  from  25  to  30 
yards  of  the  same  material,  and  is  put 
together  by  the  machine,  adding  to 
the  appearance  of  the  wearer  a style, 
which  was  before  denied  to  any,  but 
the  exceedingly  rich.  The  sewing 
machine  has  equalized  the  advantages 
and  placed  the  factory  girl  on  a par 
with  the  millionaire. 


The  business  of  dealing  in,  and  sell- 
ing Singer’s  sewing  machines  and  ma- 
chine supplies  generally,  was  estab- 
lished in  Charleston,  before  the  war  by 
this,  by  far  the  largest,  and  most  en- 
terprising of  our  large  companies. 
The  machines  of  this  house  are  too 
well  known  to  the  general  public,  to 
call  for  any  extended  remarks  at  our 
hands,  for  the  surest  proof  that  they 
are  the  best,  lies  in  the  fact  that  the 
Singer  Company  manufactures,  more 
sewing  machines,  than  all  the  rest  of 
the  world  together.  They  have 
not  only  branches  throughout  the 
civilized  world,  but  have  factories  also 
in  foreign  countries,  the  most  import- 
ant of  which  is  that  established  several 
years  ago  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  to 
supply  the  immense  demand  for  their 
machines  in  England  and  the  conti- 
nent, and  which  forms  one  of  the 
most  prominent  features  of  that  coun- 
try of  factories.  In  Charleston,  the 
agency  is  centrally  located,  at  186 
King  street,  the  store  being  elegantly 
furnished,  and  conveniently  arranged. 
In  it  there  is  at  all  times  a full  and 
complete  stock  of  sewing  machines, 
and  their  necessary  appendages.  In 
the  city  and  environs,  twenty  em- 
ployees are  kept  industriously  work- 
ing, and  wagons  are  also  utilized  for 
delivering  machines  to  customers  for 
trial,  rent  or  purchase.  Their  install- 
ment plan  of  payment,  gives  advan- 
tages to  patrons  not  otherwise  afforded. 
This  agency  is  run  from  the  general 
office  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  at  the  head  of 
which  is  Mr.  C.  G.  Lambert,  who  has 
gained  his  present  position,  by  his  dis- 
tinguished merit,  and  close  attention 
to  the  company’s  business.  From  the 
Charleston  office,  ably  conducted  by 
Mr.  W.  Id.  Saul,  branches  at  Darling- 
ton and  Orangeburg  are  run,  the  total 
territory  governed  by  the  Charleston 
branch,  being  13  Counties  of  this  State, 
all  of  which  are  thoroughly  worked 
by  numerous  canvassers,  and  on  wag- 
ons, advancing  the  interests  of  this 
prosperous,  energetic,  and  enterprising 
company. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


91 


Dr.  LOUIS  P.  DOTTEREL, 
Surgeon  Dentist. 

One  of  the  most  popular  represen' 
tative  professional  men  of  Charleston, 
is  Dr.  Louis  P.  Dotterer,  whose  office 
is  located  at  No.  370  King  st.  Dr. 
Dotterer  was  born  in  Augusta,  Ga., 
but  has  lived  the  greater  part  of  his 
life  in  Charleston.  Studied  his  pro- 
fession at  the  Baltimore  College  of 
Dental  Surgery,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated,  with  high  honors,  in 
March,  1882.  Immediately  thereafter 
began  his  Charleston  career,  where  he 
is  rapidly  building  up  an  excellent 
business.  Though  yet  a young  man, 
he  is  deservedly  gaining  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  a careful  and  reliable 
Dentist,  and  already  numbers  among 
his  patients  many  of  the  best  families 
of  Charleston.  He  has  every  facility 
and  appliance  for  the  prosecution  of 
his  profession  in  every  branch,  and  ad- 
ministers Nitrous  Oxide  Gas,  when 
called  for,  in  the  extraction  of  teeth. 
In  rank,  he  is  second  to  none,  as  re- 
gards proficiency,  industry  and  enter- 
prise. His  rooms  are  undoubtedly 
the  most  convenient  and  accommo- 
dating, and  are  acknowledged  by  every 
one  to  be  the  prettiest  in  the  city. 

COWLAM  GRAVELEY,  - Agent, 
Insurance. 

Mr.  C.  Graveley,  is  a native  of  Eng- 
land, came  to  this  country  in  1839, 
where,  after  having  been  engaged  for 
thirty-six  years,  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness, in  the  year  1877,  he  took  up  the 
insurance  business.  He  represents, 
the  Imperial  Eire  Insurance  Company, 
of  London,  established  in  1803,  and 
whose  assets,  in  the  Untied  States,  ex- 
clusive of  the  English  capital,  amount 
to  $1,324,493.04,  liabilities  to  $-005,570, 
36,  and  whose  surplus,  in  the  United 
States,  is  $718,922.68,  and  the  North- 
ern Assurance  Company,  of  Aberdeen, 
and  London,  whose  assets  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  exclusive  of  the  English 


capital,  amounts  to  $1,221,601.14,  and 
whose  surplus  over  its  liabilities  in  the 
U.  S.,  is  $840,508.13.  These  compa- 
nies, rank  among  the  substantial,  solid 
fire  insurance  companies,  of  England, 
and  afford  that  protection,  and  securi- 
ty, against  loss  by  fire,  guaranteed  on- 
ly by  the  most  reliable  organizations, 
of  this  character.  The  large  business 
done,  by  these  companies,  shows  in  the 
most  expressive  language,  the  degree 
of  confidence,  the  general  public,  have 
in  the  ability  of  its  management.  The 
courteous  and  efficient  agent,  of  these 
companies,  in  Charleston,  Mr.  Cowlam 
Graveley,  is  ably  assisted  by  his 
son  in  the  discharge  of  the  business  and 
duties  of  his  position  as  such. 

BENJ.  McINNES, 
Blacksmith,  32  Chalmers  Street. 


One  of  the  oldest  residents  of 
Charleston,  and  prominent  by  reason 
of  a long  business  career,  is  Mr.  Benj. 
Mclnnes,  who  has  for  over  forty  years 
been  engaged  in  the  horse-shoeing 
business  here.  He  is  a practical  and 
experienced  workman,  and  nowhere 
in  the  city  is  such  finished  and  good 
work  done  as  in  his  establishment. 
To  meet  the  demands  upon  him,  he 
employs  from  four  to  five  competent 
and  experienced  hands,  assuring  to 
patrons  the  rapid  dispatch  of  all  work 
entrusted  to  him.  The  premises  oc- 
cupied, 21J  feet  wide,  and  extending 
from  street  to  street,  are  spacious  and 
well  arranged  for  carrying  on  the  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Mclnnes  is  a native  of 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  and  came  out  to 
South  Carolina  in  1838.  In  ’41  he 
established  himself  in  business,  and 
has  always  enjoyed  a large  and  in- 
creasing trade.  His  reputation  as  an 
experienced  blacksmith  has  ever  been 
first-class,  and  the  best  class  of  people 


92 


City  of  Charleston. 


have  their  horses  shod  at  his  place. 
Mr.  Mclnnes,  during  his  long  resi- 
dence in  Charleston,  has  gained  the 
respect  of  all  classes  in  the  city  ,who 
have  had  the  good  fortune  to  know 
him.  He  formerly  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  Ancient  Order  of  Odd- 
Fellows,  and  is  now  an  influential 
member  of  the  St.  Andrew’s  Society, 
and  occupies  an  important  place 
among  the  associates  of  the  Hibernian 
Society.  Personally,  he  is  a genial  and 
courteous  gentleman,  and  well  merits 
the  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  the 
community. 

For  exactness  of  fit,  smooth  finish, 
perfect  adjustment,  and  durability,  the 
shoeing  done  at  his  establishment  can- 
not be  surpassed,  if  even  equalled,  by 
any  in  the  country. 

BENJ.  McINNES,  Jr., 

Veterinary  Surgeon. 

Among  the  well  known  profes- 
sional men  of  Charleston,  is  Dr. 
Benj.  Mclnnes,  who  is  the  sole  and 
able  representative  of  veterinary  sci- 
ence in  the  city.  The  Doctor  is  a son 
of  Benj.  Mclnnes,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  esteemed  residents  of  this 
community.  After  receiving  a com- 
plete and  thorough  literary  education 
in  his  native  place,  and  having  already 
acquired  a considerable  knowledge  of 
horse  flesh,  he  prosecuted  the  study 
of  the  science  he  had  resolved  to 
follow  in  life,  at  the  older  schools  of 
Europe.  He  studied  three  years  at 
the  world-renowned  veterinary  college 
of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  graduating 
from  it  in  1874.  He  then  travelled 
some  time  on  the  continent,  visiting 
the  leading  men  of  his  science  in  the 
schools  there.  He  resided  for  several 
months  in  Dresden,  where  he  acquired 
that  knowledge  of  the  German  lan- 
guage, without  which  no  scientific 
man  can  consider  himself  perfect.  In 
the  fall  of  1874  he  returned  to  Charles- 
ton, and  commenced  to  apply  himself 
practically  to  that  for  which  he  was 
so  eminently  fitted.  He  is  the  first  to 


open  this  line  of  business  in  the  city, 
and  his  successful  practice  has  done 
much  to  dispel  the  false  prejudices 
and  to  teach  the  public,  that  a thor- 
ough knowledge  of  physiology  and 
anatomy,  are  as  necessary  in  treating 
the  ailments  of  the  lower  animals,  as 
they  are  for  human  patients.  His 
exhaustive  knowledge  of  the  animal 
structure,  and  the  application  of  sci- 
entific remedies  to  the  diseases  of 
horses,  and  other  animals,  guarantee 
a successful  treatment  in  every  case 
where  a cure  is  possible. 

JACOB  S.  SCHIRMER, 
Wholesale  Dealer 

IN 

RICE, 

Charleston,  S.  C. 

Established  in  1856. 

WEATHERITORN  & FISCHER, 
General  Building  Material. 


Among . the  manufacturing  indus- 
tries of  Charleston,  one  of  the  best 
known  and  patronized  in  its  line,  is 
that  of  Weatherhorn  & Fischer,  man- 
facturers  of  general  building  material, 
office,  salesroom,  factory  and  yard 
being  located  on  Smith,  near  Queen 
street,  presenting  a front  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  by  a depth  of  two 
hundred.  This  house  was  founded  by 
these  gentlemen  in  March,  1883.  They 
are  practical  to  the  business,  have 
had  a long  experience  in  it,  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


93 


have  their  factory  equipped  with 
the  most  modern  and  improved  ma- 
chinery, driven  by  a twenty-six  horse 
power  engine,  fed  with  steam  from  a 
forty  horse  power  boiler,  and  giving 
employment  to  a force  of  competent 
and  skilled  workmen.  Having  every 
facility  for  the  manufacture  of  window 
and  door  frames,  sash,  doors,  blinds, 
moulding,  scroll,  sawing,  turning,  &c. ; 
also  having  on  hand  at  all  times,  ceil- 
ing, flooring,  weather  boarding,  and 
dealing  also  in  builders’  hardware, 
they  are  prepared  to  fill  all  orders 
with  promptness,  and  at  the  most  rea- 
sonable prices.  The  products  of  this 
establishment  includes  all  kinds  of 
well  seasoned  lumber.  Their  trade 
is  large  and  wide-spread,  extending 
throughout  North  and  South  Carolina, 
Georgia  and  Florida,  aggregating  thou- 
sands of  dollars,  and  calling  into 
requisition  a number  of  trucks  in 
delivering  their  goods  to  their  many 
patrons.  Particular  attention  is  giv- 
en to  shipping  goods,  and  orders 
are  forwarded  to  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. Their  work  is  well  done,  and  en- 
joys well  merited  distinction.  Among 
the  many  conspicuous  buildings,  the 
entire  materials  of  which  are  the  pro- 
duct of  their  factory,  may  be  mention- 
ed Claussen’s  Bakery,  the  fruit  store 
of  A.  Canale,  on  the  south  side  of 
Market  street,  as  also  the  large  and 
attractive  fruit  store  of  Steitz,  corner 
of  Market  and  Meeting  streets.  In 
this  building  is  used  the  doors,  of 
which  these  gentlemen  are  patentees, 
the  peculiarity  of  which,  is  that  it  con- 
tains a window  which,  while  it  acts  as 
a self-regulating  ventilator,  can  be 
raised  and  lowered,  the  same  as  the 
sash  of  any  other  window.  The  Mili- 
tary Hall,  which  has  lately  been  re- 
modeled, was  furnished  throughout 
by  these  gentlemen,  who  furnish  plans, 
draughtings  and  drawings  in  their 
line.  They  are  both  natives  of  Charles- 
ton. They  are  thoroughgoing  business 
men,  active  and  progressive,  have  had 
long  experience  in  it,  and  possess  an 
exhaustive  knowledge  of  its  every  de- 


tail, and  the  success  they  have  achiev- 
ed, is  the  result  of  their  honorable  busi- 
ness methods.  They  are  highly  es- 
teemed, in  both  business  and  social 
circles. 

FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  OF 
CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 

United  States  and  City  of  Charles- 
ton Depository. 

Dr.  Andrew  Simonds,  President. 

Capital  .....  . , $250,000 

Surplus  and  undivided  pro- 
fits about  .......  400,000 


The  First  National  Bank  of  Charles- 
ton, was  organized  Nov.  20th,  1865, 
being  the  first  bank  organized  in  the 
State  under  the  National  Banking  Act. 
Dr.  Andrew  Simonds  was  the  prime 
mover  in  creating  this  pioneer  institu- 
tion, and  to  whom  since  its  inception, 
has  been  entrusted,  almost  its  sole 
management.  It  occupies  the  finest 
Banking  house  in  the  South — grand 
without  and  beautiful  within.  A gen- 
eral banking  business,  is  conducted, 
having  correspondents,  in  every  city 
in  the  United  States,  and  in  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  Europe.  The  bank,  has 
had  an  unbroken  career,  of  prosperity 
as  is  evidenced,  by  its  surplus,  and  its 
undivided  .profits  of  about  $400,000, 
after  having  paid  regularly,  and  con- 
tinuously, the  liberal  dividends  of  10 
to  12  per  cent,  annually,  which  it  still 
continnes  to  pay.  It  is  regarded,  with 
the  utmost  confidence,  by  the  entire 
community,  its  stability,  being  looked 
upon  as  firm,  and  impregnable,  as  the 
rocks  of  Gibraltar.  Its  president  Dr. 
Andrew  Simonds,  is  one  of  the  most 
universally  known  and  highly  esteem- 
ed of  the  citizens  of  Charleston,  com- 
mands the  confidence,  and  respect  of 
the  entire  community,  occupies  a high 
position,  in  the  social,  and  commercial 
circles,  of  the  place,  and  possesses, 


94 


City  of  Charleston. 


those  qualifications,  that  eminently  fit 
him,  for  the  position,  he  fills,  in  this 
old,  reliable  bank. 

He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  largest 
capitalists  of  Charleston.  His  public 
spirit  is  shown  by  his  connection  with 
most  of  the  enterprises  of  the  State. 
He  is  president  of  several  corporations 
and  a director  in  many  more.  His 
bank  is  managed  on  the  soundest  fi- 
nancial principles,  hence  its  great  suc- 
cess. In  1859  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  So.  Ca.,  at 
Abbeville,  which  position  he  held  un- 
til he  established  the  First  National, 
which  makes  him  the  oldest  bank 
president  in  the  State,  in  continuous 
service.  He  is  a man  of  few  words, 
but  many  ideas,  and  is  rarely  known 
to  speak  unkindly  of  others,  but  al- 
ways ready  to  throw  the  mantle  of 
charity  over  human  frailties,  one  of 
his  sayings  being,  that  “ If  men’s 
acts  and  thoughts  were  written  on 
their  brows,  we  would  all  wear  masks.” 

W.  E.  Breese,  Cashier  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  and  one  of  Charles- 
ton’s able  banking  officers,  is  a na- 
tive of  the  city,  and  from  boy- 
hood was  raised  in  the  banking-house 
of  Geo.  W.  Williams  & Co.  Three 
years  ago  he  was  made  Assistant 
Cashier  of  this  Bank,  his  father,  Wm. 
C.  Breese,  who  had  been  closely  con- 
nected with  the  successful  prosecution 
of  banking  in  this  State  for  forty 
years,  having  been  Cashier  since  its 
foundation,  in  1865,  and  who  served 
faithfully  the  interests  of  the  institu- 
tion till  his  death,  a year  ago,  when 
his  son  was  chosen  to  the  position. 
He  has  shown  himself  fully  worthy  of 
the  Directors’ judgment;  his  correct- 
ness, method,  and  financial  ability, 
rendering  him  a happy  choice,  and 
his  long  experience  and  honorable 
name  making  him  fit  to  undertake  the 
detailed  and  trying  duties  of  this  po- 
sition. In  checks,  bills,  coin,  etc.,  he 
handles  over  half  a million  dollars 
daily.  In  monetary  disputes,  Mr. 
Breese  is  often  called  before  the  courts 
as  an  authority,  and  is  a Director  in  I 


the  Carolina  Savings  Bank.  In  the 
war,  he  served  with  the  State  Cadets, 
stationed  in  Charleston,  and  also  in 
North  Carolina  and  Florida.  In  mili- 
tary organisations  he  has  always  taken 
an  active  part;  was  formerly  Major  of 
the  1st  S.  C.  Volunteers  ; is  at  present 
Captain  of  Company  C,  of  Irish  Vol., 
the  best  Regiment  in  the  State,  and 
also  is  an  influential  associate  of  the 
Charleston  Rifle  Association. 

P.  MORAN, 

Importer  and  Dealer  in  Hard- 
ware, Etc. 

One  of  the  largest  mercantile  estab- 
lishments in  Charleston,  is  that  of  Mr. 
P.  Moran,  located  on  the  corner  of 
Hayne,  Meeting  and  Market  streets. 
It  is  a substantial  four-story  brick 
building,  25x210  feet,  and  is  filled 
with  as  full  and  well  assorted  a stock 
of  merchandise,  as  can  be  found  in 
So.  Ca.  Though  this  solid  house  was 
established  only  in  1881,  its  proprie- 
tor is  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  merchants  in  Charleston.  He 
was  for  thirty-five  years  a member 
of  the  firm  of  Hart  & Co.,  from  which 
in  the  above  named  year,  he  with- 
drew, and  established  himself  at  his 
present  location.  The  first  floor  is 
used  for  office  and  for  the  retail  de- 
partment of  the  business.  The  second 
floor  is  used  for  wholesale  samples, 
and  agricultural  implements.  The 
third  floor  is  utilized  for  the  miscel- 
laneous goods,  such  as  barrows,  shaft- 
ing for  ploughs,  looms,  single  whipple 
trees,  and  numerous  other  goods,  an 
enumeration  of  which  could  scarcely 
be  made  within  the  proper  limits  of 
an  article  of  this  nature.  The  fourth 
floor  is  of  too  great  altitude  to  make 
its  use  for  business  purposes  practica- 
ble. It  still  bears  marks  of  the  siege 
of  Charleston  by  the  Federal  forces, 
and  of  seven  different  fires  which 
have  swept  over  this  vicinity,  and  de- 
molished every  house  in  this  row,  ex- 
cept this  venerable  old  landmark, 
that,  like  a salamander,  defied  the 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


95 


fury  of  the  fiery  element.  This  house 
represents  H.  C.  & G.  Reicl,  of  Kala- 
mazoo, Michigan,  the  manufacturers 
of  the  world  renowned  Cultivator 
beariug  their  name.  McCormick’s,  of 
Chicago,  Harvesting  Machines,  ac- 
knowledged the  world  over  to  be  the 
most  beneficent  inventions  in  their 
effect  ever  conceived  by  man.  Sher- 
man & Brower,  of  New  York,  repre- 
sents our  house  in  our  line  of  goods. 
The  stock  carried  has  a representative 
value  of  upwards  of  sixty -five  thous- 
and dollars.  In  addition  to  the  large 
premises  occupied  by  their  business, 
as  above  stated,  there  is  a spacious 
warehouse  in  the  rear  of  this  building. 
The  business  annually  transacted  by 
this  house  is  immense,  requiring  the 
assistance  of  fourteen  competent 
clerks  to  serve  its  many  patrons. 
Two  men  are  kept  traveling  in  So. 
Ca.  The  trade  is  wide-spread,  ex- 
tending throughout  the  South,  and 
will  aggregate  many  thousands  of  dol- 
lars annually.  Mr.  John  P.  Moran, 
the  son  of  and  representing  Mr.  P. 
Moran,  has  the  supervision  and  man- 
agement of  this  business  for  and  in 
the  interest  of  his  father.  John  P. 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  is  one  of  its 
most  progressive  and  enterprising 
citizens,  is  endowed  with  fine  business 
capacity,' has  a thorough  knowledge  of 
the  details  of  the  business  in  which  he 
is  engaged,  has  unsurpassed  facilities 
for  procuring  his  supplies,  and  gives 
to  the  patrons  of  this  house  the  ben- 
efit of  thesd  advantages.  Mr.  P.  Mo- 
ran is  a native  of  Ireland,  came  to 
this  country  in  1845,  and  has  resided 
in  Charleston  the  greater  part  of  this 
time.  He  is  one  of  the  most  liberal 
and  public-spirited  business  men  in 
this  part  of  So.  C’a.,  and  has  always 
been  an  ardent  advocate  of  every 
measure  or  enterprise,  that  was  con- 
ducive to  the  general  welfare  and 
prosperity  of  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity. He  is  one  of  the  most  trusted 
and  popular  of  Charleston’s  citizens, 
has  represented  the  3d  ward  for 
eight  years  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen, 


and  was,  in  December,  18S3,  elected 
for  a further  term  of  four  years  from 
January  1st,  1884.  Is  a genial,  pleas- 
ant man,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of 
Charleston’s  most  solid  and  substan- 
tial merchants,  and  most  respected 
citizens. 

SAVAGE  D.  TRENHOLM, 
Agent  for  Central  Wharf. 

The  facilities  which  Charleston  en- 
joys, as  a port  of  entry  are  unequalled, 
all  the  trunk  and  larger  railroad  cor- 
porations intersecting  the  State,  or  ter- 
minating at  this  point,  make  an  al- 
most illimitable  extent  of  country 
tributary  to  the  commercial  growth 
and  prosperity  of  this  city.  In  all  the 
great  seaport  cities,  the  largest  and 
most  important  part  of  the  commercial 
and  mercantile  transactions  are  con- 
ducted and  have  their  principal  houses 
and  places  of  business  on  or  contigu- 
ous to  the  water  front.  Among  the 
many  and  commodious  wharves  for 
which  Charleston  harbor  is  noted,  the 
Central  Wharves  are  among  the  oldest 
and  best  known  of  any  in  this  port, 
being  nearly  one  hundred  years  old, 
and  are  worthy  of  special  mention 
and  a more  than  ordinary  considera- 
tion, in  a work  giving  an  historical 
account  of  the  commercial  and  mer- 
cantile industries,  of  the  metropolis  of 
the  State.  These  wharves  are  among 
the  largest  on  the*  coast,  having  a ca- 
pacity for  storage  of  from  six  thousand 
to  eight  thousand  bales  of  cotton. 
They  can  accommodate  five  vessels  at 
a time.  They  have  good  facilities  for 
the  landing  and  storage  of  all  kinds  of 
merchandise,  such  as  cotton,  salt,  rice, 
&c.  They  dock  and  receive  cargoes, 
making  wharfage  charges  for  each 
package,  the  prices  being  graduated 
by  a schedule  adopted  b}r  all  the 
wharves.  Mr.  Trenholm  has  had  ten 
years’  experience,  and  is  thoroughly 
posted  in  every  detail  of  the  business. 
This  gentleman  is  the  patentee  of  an 
useful  invention  of  modern  times,  and 
as  it  becomes  known,  must  supersede 


9G 


City  of  Charleston. 


appliances  now  used  for  that  purpose, 
having  the  endorsement  of  such  a com- 
petent judge  and  high  authority  as  an 
ex-Examiner  of  the  Patent  Office  at 
Washington,  who  pronounces  it  the 
simplest,  most  easily  and  expeditiously 
adjustable,  and  most  durable  of  all  car  - 
coupling inventions,  which  ever  came 
under  his  observation.  It  has  been  used 
for  six  months  on  the  South  Carolina 
Railroad,  and  to  their  great  satisfac- 
tion. When  the  reader  takes  into  con- 
sideration the  innumerable  railroads, 
and  the  illimitable  extent  of  country 
intersected  by  their  tracks,  and  the 
myriad  number  of  couplings,  that  are 
called  into  requisition,  and  the  demand 
for  which,  in  the  nature  of  things, 
must  be  constantly  and  rapidly  grow- 
ing, some  conception  of  the  value  of 
this  invention  can  be  formed ; and 
when  there  is  taken  also  into  consid- 
eration, the  greater  safety  to  life  and 
limb  in  the  adjustment  of  this  cou- 
pling, it  should  have  success.  Mr.  L. 
B.  Trenholm  is  part  owner  and  busi- 
ness manager  of  the  coupler. 

HENRY  BAYER, 

Importer  of  Bananas,  Cocoanuts 
and  Oranges,  and  Wholesale 
Dealer  in  Apples,  Potatoes,  Onions, 
&c.,  215  East  Bay. 

Prominent,  among  those  engaged  in 
Charleston,  in  the  importation,  of  ba- 
nanas, cocoanuts,  and  oranges,  and 
dealing  by  wholesale,  in  apples,  pota- 
toes, and  onions,  and  other  domestic 
fruits,  and  vegetables,  may  be  named, 
Mr.  Blenry  Bayer,  located  at  No.  215 
East  Bay.  The  premises,  utilized  in 
this  business,  comprises  a two-story 
building,  50x85  feet  in  dimensions, 
and  is  completely  fitted  up,  and  admi- 
rably adapted,  for  the  business,  the 
upper  floor,  having  apartments,  pro- 
vided with  every  facility,  for  forced,  or 
special  heat,  for  bananas,  oranges,  and 
cocoanuts,  to  hasten  the  process,  of 
ripening.  From  1866,  to  1877,  Mr. 
Bayer,  was  with  the  house  of  Mr.  C. 
Bart  & Co.,  one  of  the  largest  houses, 


in  this  line  of  trade,  in  the  country. 

In  1877,  he  started,  in  this  same  line 
of  business,  on  his  own  account,  at  the  j 
above  named  location,  where  he  does,  j 
a large  and  extensive  trade,  extending 
throughout  South  and  North  Carolina, 
Georgia,  and  Florida,  and  which  is 
steadily,  and  annually  increasing,  in 
volume,  and  in  extent  of  territory,  j 


from  whence  his  patronage  comes.  Pie 
has,  every  facility,  known  to  the  busi- 
ness, he  runs  two  schooners,  of  his 
own,  and  charters  four  others,  for  the 
importation  of  his  supplies  from  the 
West  Indies.  He  utilizes  five  teams, 
in  the  handling  of  his  goods,  and  gives 
employment,  to  fourteen  competent 
assistants,  at  his  store.  Mr.  Bayer,  was 
born  in  Bavaria,  came  to  this  country, 
in  1843,  has  lived  in  Charleston,  since 
1866.  Mr.  Bayer,  enjoys  a high  de- 
gree of  popularity,  throughout  Charles- 
ton, and  is  esteemed,  and  respected  by 
all  classes  of  its  citizens. 

GERHARD  RIECKE, 
Auctioneer  and  Real  Estate  Agent. 

Among  the  substantial  business 
men  of  Charleston,  is  Mr.  Gerhard 
Riecke,  Auctioneer,  Broker,  and 
Real  Estate  Agent,  whose  com- 
modious office  is  centrally  located  at 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


97 


34  Broad  St.  Formerly  Mr.  Riecke 
was  engaged  in  the  Wholesale  Pro- 
vision business,  first  as  partner  in  the 
firm  of  McQueen  & Riecke,  and  after- 
wards as  Riecke  & Peterman.  For 
now  six  years  he  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  the  purchase  and  sale  of  real 
estate  and  stocks  and  bonds,  besides 
attending  to  renting  of  houses  and 
making  collections.  As  an  efficient 
Auctioneer  in  all  sorts  of  property, 
Mr.  Riecke  possesses  pre-eminence,  his 
engagements  in  this  line  being  exten- 
sive. He  buys,  sells,  and  leases  pro- 
perties of  all  kinds — stores,  dwellings, 
farms,  plantations,  building  sites,  etc. 
He  is  familiar  with  his  business  in  its 
every  detail,  and  will  always  cheer- 
fully furnish  any  information  desired 
to  those  who  call  upon  him,  and  exe- 
cute with  promptitude,  and  thorough- 
ness, any  charge  placedfor  its  fulfil- 
ment in  his  hands.  This  excellent 
gentleman  is  a native  of  Charleston, 
where  he  has  always  been  favorably 
known.  He  was  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers in  Walhalla,  S.  C.  He  has  taken 
a leading  part  in  political  affairs,  was 
nominated,  and  in  December,  ’83,  elect- 
ed, unopposed,  Alderman  for  Ward  6, 
for  a term  of  four  years.  In  the  late  civil 
war  he  rendered  valuable  aid  to  his 
country,  serving  as  a member  of  the 
famous  brigade  of  Washington  Light 
Infantry,  on  the  coast  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  afterwards  in  North  Carolina. 
Mr.  Riecke  is  likewise  ex-President 
of  the  German  Fire  Company,  and 
of  the  D.  B.  Bund,  and  ex-Cap- 
tain  of  German  Huzzars.  Socially, 
he  is  esteemed  as  a valuable  member 
of  the  community,  taking  a prominent 
part  in  the  doings  of  the  Masonic 
Order,  as  well  as  holding  important 
positions  among  the  Odd-Fellows  and 
Knights  of  Honor. 

DEUTSCHE  ZEITUNG, 

F.  Melchers  & Son,  Proprietors. 

One  of  the  most  popular  and  influ- 
ential journals,  and  one  that  is  highly 
appreciated  throughout  the  State,  and 


the  best  advertising  medium  for  the 
German  trade  on  the  South  Atlantic 
coast,  is  the  Deutsche  Zeitung,  F.  Mel- 
chers & Son,  proprietors.  This  is  one 
of  the  oldest  established  papers  in  the 
State,  having  been  inaugurated  in 
1853,  by  the  present  proprietors.  They 
occupy  a three-story  building,  18x25 
feet,  in  extent,  all  of  which  is  utilized, 
and  which  is  amply  supplied  with  the 
full  paraphernalia  of  a newspaper  es- 
tablishment. The  circulation  of  the 
paper  is  large,  and  extends  through 
North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia 
and  Florida,  and  is  Independent  in 
politics.  It  is  published  every  Mon- 
day and  Thursday  noon;  Weekly  on 
Saturday  morning. 

Mr.  F.  Melchers  was  born  at  Olden- 
burg, and  came  +o  the  United  States 
at  twenty  years  of  age.  He  gives  his 
entire  attention  to  the  conducting  of 
his  paper,  which  exhibits  great  origi- 
nality, fine  taste,  and  care  on  the  part 
of  the  editor,  who  is  thoroughly  com- 
petent and  who  possesses  the  entire 
confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who  know 
him,  or  have  business  dealings  with 
him.  He  was  three  times  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  in  1859,  1866,  and 
1876,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  in 
which  he  served  with  distinction,  and 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  his  party 
and  the  general  community.  His  son 
and  copartner,  Mr.  A.  F.  Melchers,  is  a 
native  of  Charleston,  and  is  the  capa- 
ble and  efficient  business  manager  of 
the  paper,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
the  general  interest  and  management 
of  the  Journal.  He  is  highly  esteemed 
both  as  a business  man  and  citizen. 


t 


» S“c . 

Mr.  J.  R.  .Johnson  has  been  for  many 
years  established  in  Charleston,  as  a 


98 


City  of  Charleston. 


fashionable  hatter  and  umbrella  man- 
ufacturer, and  possesses  a thorough 
and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the 
business;  and  there  is  no  finer  assort- 
ment, or  larger  variety  to  select  from 
in  Charleston,  than  is  to  be  found  in 
his  establishment.  This  is  an  old  es- 
tablished business,  having  been  first 
originated  in  1840  by  Mr.  B.  Johnson, 
who  was  succeeded  by  B.  .Johnson  & 
Co.,  and  in  1873,  by  the  present  pro- 
prietor, Mr.  J.  R.  Johnson  ; in  1881, 
he  associated  his  son  with  him  as 
partner,  and  the  firm  name  is  now  J. 
R.  Johnson  & Son.  The  store  is  plea- 
santly located  at  281  King  street,  the 
very  centre  of  the  retail  trade,  and  is 
of  fine,  ample  dimensions,  being 
22x110  feet,  and  is  handsomely  fitted 
up,  and  contains  a first-class  assort- 
ment of  hats,  caps,  and  straw  goods 
in  season,  in  all  the  most  fashionable 
styles  for  men  and  boys’  wear,  com- 
prising silk  hats,  caps,  stiff  and  soft 
hats,  the  production  of  the  best  man- 
ufacturers of  the  country,  suitable  for 
all  seasons.  Another  department  of 
the  business  is  the  manufacturing  of 
umbrellas,  of  which  a fine  assortment 
can  always  be  found,  embracing  all 
fabrics,  silk,  cotton,  alpacca,  gingham, 
etc.,  made  in  the  most  substantial 
manner  and  of  the  best  materials.  A 
specialty  made  of  repairing  umbrel- 
las and  parasols,  which  is  promptly 
and  neatly  done.  A force  of  half  a 
dozen  competent,  courteous  clerks  are 
requisite  in  ministering  to  the  wants 
of  the  many  patrons  of  the  house. 
Mr.  Johnson  is  of  English  birth  and 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a boy, 
and  during  his  business  experience  in 
Charleston,  by  judicious  management, 
has  made  his  store  a popular  resort  of 
those  in  search  of  first-class,  stylish 
head-wear,  and  at  most  reasonable 
prices.  His  son,  and  co-partner,  Mr. 
‘G.  W.  Johnson,  being  a native  of 
Charleston,  has  long  been  well  known 
to  the  community.  As  merchants 
they  are  liberal  and  obliging,  and  as 
citizens  honorable,  useful  and  reli- 
able. 


JOHN  K.  GOURDIN. 

Civil  Engineer  and  Surveyor, 
Mansion  House,  Broad  St. 

One  of  the  representative  business 
men  of  Charleston,  is  Mr.  Jno.  K. 
Gourdin,  who  was  born  in  Williams- 
burg County,  South  Carolina,  and 
who  is  well  known  to  a large  part  of 
the  commuity.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Lawrence  Scientific  College,  of 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  graduating  with 
great  credit  to  himself  as  Civil  Engi- 
neer, in  1854.  He  then  passed  six 
years  in  Europe,  studying  and  travel- 
ling. He  went  to  the  war  as  sergeant 
of  cavalry,  and  was  promoted  to  first 
lieutenant.  Since  the  war  he  has  been 
chiefly  occupied  as  Land  Surveyor, 
and  brings  to  bear  upon  his  business 
sound  judgment,  and  an  experience  of 
many  years.  He  is  also  Town  Engi- 
neer of  Mount  Pleasant,  S.  C.,  where 
plans  and  estimates  are  furnished  for 
all  character  of  work. 

Mr.  Gourdin,  has  made  many  friends 
during  his  long  residence  in  the  city, 
and  is  highly  regarded,  as  a reliable 
business  man  and  progressive  citizen, 
who  is  alwa}rs  alive  to  the  city’s  best 
interests. 

SAMUEL  Y.  TUPPER  & SON, 
Insurance  Agents. 

The  insurance  interests  of  Charles- 
ton, are  creditably  represented,  by 
well  known,  local  agents,  for  the  lead- 
ing companies  of  this  country,  and 
Europe.  One  of  the  most  prompt, 
honorable,  reliable,  and  successful 
houses  engaged  in  this  line  of  busi- 
ness in  Charleston,  or  in  fact,  in  South 
Carolina,  is  that  of  S.  Y.  Tupper 
& Son.  The  senior  member,  of  this 
firm,  was  from  1851  to  1865,  President 
of  “Fireman’s  Insurance  Company  of 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,”  which 
wound  up  its  business,  after  the  war. 
In  1865,  selecting  one  of  the  most  de- 
sirable locations  in  Charleston,  for  a 
continuance  of  his  old  line  of  busi- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


99 


ness,  and  occupying  a commodious, 
handsomely  finished  and  furnished 
office,  he  became  the  local  agent  of 
the  well  known  “ Phoenix  ” of  Brook- 
lyn, and  subsequently  of  the  Guardian 
Assurance  of  London,  the  German- 
American  of  New  York  and  the  gene- 
ral State  agent  for  the  Trans-atlantic 
of  Germany.  The  number  and  the 
aggregate  amount  of  risks,  fire  and 
marine,  taken  by  this  house  annually, 
probably  exceeds  that  of  any  other 
agency,  in  South  Carolina.  The  busi- 
ness of  this  firm,  is  admirably  man- 


aged, and  all  losses,  are  promptly  ad- 
justed, and  paid  without  delay ; and 
the  satisfactory  manner  in  which  the 
business  is  conducted,  has  established 
for  this  house,  a degree  of  confidence, 
which  correct  business  principles  and 
probity  only  can  secure.  The  senior 
member  of  this  old  house  is  a native 
of  and  one  of  Charleston’s  most  pub- 
lic-spirited citizens.  He  served  in  the 
civil  war,  on  the  staff"  of  Gen.  E.  Iv. 
Smith,  in  Virginia,  and  afterwards 
commanded  Battery  Waring  and  other 
batteries  on  the  coast  of  South  Caro- 


Chambek  of  Commerce.  (See  also  City  "Railway,  next  page.) 


lina.  He  has  been  honored,  with  high 
and  responsible  civic  trusts,  the  ac- 
ceptable performance  of  the  duties  of 
which,  called  for  great  executive  ca- 
pacity, all  of  which  he  discharged 
with  distinguished  ability,  and  to  the 
entire  satisfaction,  of  most  intelligent 
constituencies.  He  was  for  ten  years 
President  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  is  a Director  in  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Charleston.  A few 
years  since,  he  took  into  co-partnership 
his  son,  S.  Y.  Tupper,  Jr.,  who  is  also 


a native  of  Charleston : is  an  energetic* 
progressive  young  man,  and  in  the 
few  years  of  his  association  with  his 
father,  in  the  active  pursuit  of  their 
avocation,  has  established  an  honor- 
able record.  He  has  been  for  some 
years  Captain  of  Company  A,  Caro- 
lina Battalion,  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar military  organizations  of  the  State. 
The  gentlemen  occupy  a first  position 
in  the  social  as  well  as  the  mercantile 
and  commercial  community  of  South 
Carolina. 


100 


City  of  Charleston. 


The  following  is  a short  statement 
of  the  companies  they  represent : 
Phoenix  of  Brooklyn,  Jan.  1st,  1883  : 

Capital $1,000,000 

Total  Assets  . . . 3,295,326 
German-American  of  New  York,  Jan. 

1st,  1883: 

Capital $1,000,000 

Total  Assets  . . 3,704,274 
Guardian  of  London,  established  1821 , 
and  which  has  the  largest  paid  up 
capital  of  any  company  doing  a fire 
business  in  this  country  : 

Home  Assets  . . $19,955,000 
Assets  in  U.  S.  . 1,096,914 

Also  State  representatives  of  Trans- 
Atlantic  Fire  Insurance  Company 
of  Hamburg : 

Home  Assets.  . .$1,034,876 
Assets  in  U.  S.  . . 457,982 

CITY  RAILWAY. 

The  Charleston  City  Railway  Com- 
pany is  one  of  the  best  managed,  and 
best  paying  horse  railroad  enterprises 
in  the  South.  It  was  incorporated 
under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of 
South  Carolina,  in  1860,  and  was 
opened  for  travel  in  1866.  Its  Presi- 
dent, Mr.  John  S.  Biggs,  has  filled,  con- 
tinuously, from  the  organization  of 
the  road,  that  position,  is  a gentleman 
possessed  of  marked  talent  and  execu- 
tive ability,  is  a native  of  Charleston, 
is  one  of  the  most  popular  and  public- 
spirited  citizens,  and  has  always  been 
a zealous  advocate  for  all  measures, 
and  for  any  enterprise  that  would  be 
conducive  to  the  city’s  welfare,  that 
would  tend  to  promote  its  growth,  or 
add  to  its  prosperity.  Mr.  Evan  Ed- 
wards, the  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of 
this  road,  also  filled  this  position  soon 
after  it  went  into  operation.  He  is  a 
native  of  Charleston,  is  one  of  its  old 
and  esteemed  citizens,  filled  the  posi- 
tion of  assistant  Postmaster  of  Charles- 
ton for  thirty  years,  and  up  to  the 
war.  He  is  a thorough  business  man, 
prompt  and  energetic,  well  versed  in 
the  company’s  affairs,  giving  close  at- 
tention to  eveiything  in  his  depart- 
ments, and  having  the  satisfaction  of 


| knowing  that  of  the  1,200,000  people 
I annually  carried  over  its  road,  few 
serious  accidents  have  ever  occurred  to 
passengers.  Mr.  Frank  F.  Whilden  is 
assistant  Secretary  of  the  company 
and  is  an  energetic  and  faithful  officer. 
This  road  is  eight  miles  in  length, 
and  runs  from  the  Post  Office, 
through  Meeting,  King,  and  Went- 
worth streets,  and  Rutledge  avenue. 
Its  capital  stock  is  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  It  started  with 
sixteen,  has  now  twenty-three  cars, 
seventy  horses,  and  employs  forty- 
four  men.  The  road  is  in  all  re- 
spects well  equipped,  is  of  incalcula- 
ble benefit  to  the  city,  and  has  proved 
a most  successful  financial  venture  to 
its  stockholders,  owing,  in  a great  de- 
gree, to  the  skillful  supervision  exer- 
cised by  the  experienced  officials  who 
have  charge  of  its  operation. 

SAMUEL  WEBB, 

Florist. 

The  demand  for  flowers  and  floral 
decorations  has  of  late  years  been  one 
of  the  marked  indications  of  the  higher 
civilization  toward  which  we  are  ra- 
pidly progressing ; and  of  no  city  is 
this  so  distinguishing  a feature  as 
Charleston,  which  has  long  been 
known  for  its  wealth  and  refinement. 
Mr.  Webb  is  a native  of  County  Cork, 
Ireland,  has  been  a resident  of  this 
city  thirty-four  years,  and  is  a practical 
florist  of  many  years’  experience.  For 
prompt  and  fair  dealing,  together  with 
taste  and  good  judgment,  he  can  al- 
ways be  depended  upon  in  the  con- 
ducting of  this  business.  Mr.  Webb 
filled  the  position  of  Treasurer  in  the 
Charleston  Fire  Engine  Company  De- 
partment for  over  a quarter  of  a cen- 
tury, was  also  an  active  member  of 
the  old  Volunteer  Fire  Department 
for  over  thirty  years.  He  was  elected 
Alderman  of  Ward  2 in  1879,  and  re- 
elected in  1883.  Lie  has  filled  for  many 
years  the  position  of  Treasurer  in 
Washington  Lodge,  No.  5,  A.  F.  M., 
and  is  also  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


101 


Burns  Charitable  Society;  was  a mem- 
ber of  the  County  and  City  Demo- 
cratic Executive  Committee.  The 
gardens  are  located  on  Friend,  be- 
tween Tracld  and  Broad  streets,  and 
comprise  hot-house  and  green-house, 
where  domestic  and  tropical  plant's 
and  flowers  are  raised.  Various  de- 
vices are  artistically  arranged,  viz : 
bouquets,  wreaths,  crosses,  &c. ; and 
the  variety  and  prettiness  of  the  roses 
and  flowers  supplied,  and  the  reason- 
ableness of  the  prices  charged,  make 
this  the  most  popular  floral  establish- 
ment in  the  city  or  its  vicinity. 

A.  G.  MAGRATH,  Jr., 
Attorney  at  Law. 

One  of  the  eminent,  well  known, 
and  popular  lawyers  of  the  State  of 
South  Carolina  is  Mr.  A.  G.  Magrath, 
Jr.,  who  is  located  at  No.  74  Broad 
street,  Charleston.  Mr.  Magrath  was 
born  in  Charleston  and  was  educated 
at  the  Citadel  Military  Academy, 
leaving  it  in  ’63  for  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  as  aid  cle  camp  of 
Jas.  Conner.  He  became  a student 
and  read  law  in  the  office  of  his 
father,  of  the  firm  of  Magrath  & 
Lowndes,  and  was  admitted  to  the  1 
S.  C.  courts  in  ’67.  He  practiced  in 
that  firm  for  several  years  until  its 
dissolution,  and  now  conducts  busi- 
ness for  himself.  He  is  a successful 
practitioner,  and  from  tlie  date  of  his 
inception  of  business  on  his  own  ac- 
count, has  always  enjoyed  a success- 
ful business  career,  and  holds  a prom- 
inent rank  among  the  members  of  the 
legal  profession  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Magrath  at  present  fills  the  of- 
fice of  Grand  Patriarch  in  the  Grand 
Encampment  of  S.  C.  He  organized 
the  Montgomery  Guards  after  the 
war,  and  was  four  years  captain. 

He  is  at  present  Major  and  Inspec- 
tor General  of  the  4th  Brigade,  South 
Carolina  volunteer  troops.  Mr.  Ma- 
grath is  a gentleman  of  great  energy, 
high  character,  and  extended  popu- 
larity, and  is  one  of  the  most  promi- 


nent citizens  of  Charleston.  He  is 
known  to  the  whole  community,  by 
whom  he  is  regarded  as  a reliable 
business  man,  and  one  who  gives 
prompt  attention  to  all  legal  business 
intrusted  to  him. 

JULIUS  L.  MOSES, 

Real  Estate  Agent. 

Mr.  Julius  L.  Moses  started  in  busi- 
ness at  the  early  age  of  fifteen  years, 
speculating  in  produce  and  provisions, 
and  entered  business  as  a Real  Estate 
Agent  after  the  war.  He  is  pleasantly 
located  at  14  Broad  street,  is  popular 
and  old-established,  and  has  long  been 
identified  with  the  real  estate  interests 
of  Charleston  city,  and  has  every  fa- 
cility for  conducting  business  in  the 
purchase  and  sale  of  building  lots, 
dwellings,  farm  lands,  and  sites  for 
manufacturing  purposes ; also  renting 
houses,  collecting  rents,  attending  to 
loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  and  in 
fact  is  engaged  in  every  branch  of  the 
business  connected  with  the  sale  and 
purchase  of  property,  etc.  Mr.  Moses 
is  also  interested  in  local  ‘affairs,  and 
has  for  four  years  been  a School  Com- 
missioner, and  was  first  Dictator  of 
Knights  of  Honor,  when  first  started 
here  five  years  ago  with  thirteen  mem- 
bers, and  which  has  increased  to  such 
an  extent  that  it  now  numbers  250 
members.  He  was  1st  Commander  of 
Legion  of  Honor,  and  is  now  Deputy 
Vice  Grand  for  the  State.  Mr.  Moses 
being  a native  Charlestonian,  is  conse- 
quently well  known  to  the  community 
in  general,  where  he  enjoys  a high 
reputation,  and  is  popular  both  as  a 
business  man  and  citizen. 

McCRADY,  SONS  & BACOT, 
Attorneys  and  Counsellors  at  Law. 

Edward  McCrady  was  graduated  at 
Yale  College,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  January,  1824,  and  has  now, 
therefore,  been  in  active  and  continu- 
ous practice  for  sixty  years.  He  is  at 
present  the  oldest  practicing  lawyer  in 


102 


City  of  Charleston. 


the  State.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  District  Attorney  in  1839  by 
President  Van  Buren,  and  continued 
to  hold  that  office  until  1850,  when  he 
resigned.  Mr.  McCrady  in  early  life 
was  a Unionist  as  against  nullification, 
but  in  1850,  recognizing  the  conflict 
between  his  section  and  the  North  as 
inevitable,  he  resigned  his  position 
rather  than  be  in  counsel  against  his 
people.  Upon  his  resignation  of  the 
office  of  District  Attorney  in  1850,  he 
was  immediately  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature of  the  State,  and  also  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  that 
year,  in  which  body  he  acted  with  the 
co-operationists  as  opposed  to  the  se- 
cessionists of  that  day.  He  continued 
a member  of  the  Legislature  until 
1860,  when  he  was  elected  a member 
of  the  Convention  which  passed  the 
Ordinance  of  Secession.  He  has  rep- 
resented the  old  Parish  of  St.  Philips 
in  the  Episcopal  Diocesaii  Convention, 
for  a period  of  nearly  fifty  years, — and 
the  Diocese,  in  the  General  Conven- 
tion of  that  Church  in  the  United 
States,  for  more  than  thirty  years.  Lie 
has  also  boen  a frecpient  contributor 
to  the  periodical  journals  of  this 
church.  Practices  in  the  State  Courts, 
and  in  the  District,  Circuit  and  Su- 
preme Courts  of  the  United  States. 

Edward  McCrady,  Junior,  was  grad- 
uated in  the  College  of  Charleston, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April, 
1855.  Upon  the  secession  of  the  States, 
he  immediately  went  into  the  military 
service,  as  Captain  of  a volunteer  com- 
pany, taking  part  in  the  occupation  of 
the  forts  in  Charleston  harbor  on  the 
27th  December,  1860.  He  served  in 
Virginia,  in  the  corps  of  Stonewall 
Jackson,  until  disabled  from  wounds, 
when  he  was  transferred  from  the 
Lieutenant-Colonelcy  of  the  First 
South  Carolina  Volunteers,  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Camp  of  Instruction  at 
Madison,  Florida.  He  is  now  Major- 
General,  commanding  First  Division 
of  Volunteer  State  Troops.  He  has 
been  the  author  also  of  several  legal, 
political  and  literary  tracts  and  essays, 


among  which  are  a treatise  upon  the 
“ Territorial  Jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  Courts,”  which  has  been  repub- 
lished as  an  Appendix  to  3 Hughes 
Circuit  Court  Ileports  (U.  S.),  and  a 
recent  essay  upon  “ Education  in 
South  Carolina  prior  to  and  during 
the  Revolution,”  in  reply  to  strictures 
upon  South  Carolina  in  McMaster’s 
History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States.  Practices  in  the  State  Courts 
and  in  the  District,  Circuit  and  Supreme 
Courts  of  the  United  States. 

Thomas  W.  Bacot  was  graduated  in 
the  College  of  Charleston  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1871,  from  which 
time  up  to  1882  he  was  a member  of 
the  law  firm  of  Walker  & Bacot  of  this 
city,  upon  the  dissolution  of  which  firm 
by  the  death  of  George  R.  Walker  he 
formed  his  present  connection.  He 
has  devoted  himself  strictly  to  his  pro- 
fession. He  has  recently  been  ap- 
pointed a member  of  a Commission  to 
revise  the  tax  system  and  laws  of  the 
State,  under  resolution  of  the  General 
Assembly,  adopted  at  its  last  session. 
Practices  in  the  State  Courts  and  the 
District  and  Circuit  Courts  of  the 
United  States. 

Louis  DeB.  McCrady  was  graduated 
in  the  College  of  Charleston  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872,  and  has 
pursued  his  profession  assiduously. 
He  is  Lieutenant-Colonel  First  Regi- 
ment Volunteer  Troops.  Practices  in 
the  State  Courts  and  the  District  and 
Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States. 

SOUTHERN  EXPRESS  COMPANY, 
M.  Haig,  Agent. 

The  Charleston  agency  of  this  old, 
well  known  and  reliable  Company  was 
established  thirty  years  ago.  An  ex- 
tensive business  is  carried  on  between 
this,  the  great  metropolis  of  the  South, 
to  various  cities  and  points  in  South 
Carolina  and  the  adjacent  States. 
Goods  are  expressed  by  this  Company 
over  all  the  railroads  intersecting  the 
State,  and  by  all  the  Inter-State  and 
National  Steamship  Companies,  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


103 


a large  and  extensive  business  is  car- 
ried on.  The  agent  in  this  city  is  Mr. 
M.  Haig,  a native  of  Charleston,  who 
is  one  of  the  most  capable  and  efficient 
of  business  men,  has  had  an  experience 
of  many  years,  is  active  and  progres- 
sive, and  is  thoroughly  posted  in  every 
detail  of  the  business.  He  has  been 
agent  here  now  fifteen  years,  and  un- 
der his  supervision  he  has  made  the 
Express  Company  a real  benefit  to  the 
citizens  of  Charleston.  He  has  in  his 
employ  over  eighteen  hands,  and  keeps 
eight  wagons  industriously  working, 
his  staff’  of  horses  numbering  twelve 
strong  and  fast  animals.  Mr.  Haig 
took  an  active  part  in  the  late  war, 
serving  with  the  South  Carolina  artil- 
lery, which  rendered  good  service  to 
the  cause  on  this  coast. 

Mr.  S.  G.  Pinckney,  also  born  in 
Charleston,  the  cashier,  has  been  with 
this  agency  since  1866,  and  Avas  ap- 
pointed cashier  in  1870  ; he  has  that 
correctness  of  method  and  financial 
ability  necessary  for  one  keeping  the 
accounts  of  so  large  a concern.  In  the 
late  war  he  rendered  valuable  service 
to  the  Confederate  cause,  and  at  the 
retreat  at  Goldsboro’,  winding  the  flag 
around  his  body,  he  saA^ed  the  regi- 
ment’s colors  under  the  hot  fire  of  the 
enemy.  Mr.  C.  P.  Gardner,  the  money 
clerk,  is  a native  of  Connecticut,  and 
came  Sonth  in  1865  ; he  performs  the 
duties  of  his  office  with  care  and  pre- 
cision, and  is  a valuable  servant  to  the 
Company.  It  is  to  these  three  gentle- 
gentlemen  that  Charleston  owes  the 
benefits  derived  from  that  most  neces- 
sary adjunct  of  a city’s  industries — an 
Express  Company. 

W.  W.  WHILDEN  & CO., 

F ACTONS  AND  COMMISSION  MER- 

CHANTS, and  General  Agents. 

In  commerce  the  vocation  of  the 
factor  and  commission  merchant  is 
not  only  a necessary,  but  a most  im- 
portant one.  In  Charleston  there  are 
several  large  firms  handling  the  two 
great  staples  of  Southern  soil,  cotton 


and  turpentine.  Among  these  the 
firm  of  W.  W.  Whilden  & Co.  takes  a 
leading  place,  both  on  account  of  the 
large  and  increasing  amount  of  trans- 
actions, and  their  correct  and  supe- 
rior methods  of  doing  business.  The 
office  and  sample  room,  provided  with 
a good  light  for  the  examination  of 
the  cotton  staple  and  rosin  color,  are 
conveniently  located  at  8 and  10  Mid- 
dle Atlantic  wharf,  and  here  several 
competent  hands,  whom  callers  Avill 
find  in  the  absence  of  the  firm,  ready 
and  willing  to  answer  all  wants,  are 
employed. 

This  house  does  a cotton  business 
of  5,000  or  6,000  bales  annually,  and 
in  naval  stores,  handles  60,000  bar- 
rels of  rosin  and  some  10,000  of  spir- 
its of  turpentine.  They  make  liberal 
advances  on  consignments  and  have 
accounts  with  most  of  the  large  plan- 
tations and  distilleries  throughout  the 
South,  their  goods  being  sold  guaran- 
teed equal  to  sample.  The  business 
was  established  fourteen  years  ago,  as 
Whilden  & Jones,  which,  after  an  ex- 
istence of  three  years,  dissolved,  the 
present  firm  being  formed,  and  has 
since  gained  the  confidence  of  patrons 
and  producers,  and  planters  and 
merchants  find  it  to  their  interest  to 
deal  with  them.  The  partners  of  the 
firm,  Mr.  W.  W.  Whilden  and  Mr.  C. 
G.  Matthews,  are  both  natives  of  the 
city,  Avhere  they  are  Avell  known  as 
among  her  most  honorable,  correct 
and  enterprising  merchants,  and  pub- 
lic-spirited citizens.  As  members  of 
the  Hampton  Cavalry,  they  rendered 
valuable  service  to  the  Confederate 
cause  on  the  fields  of  Virginia.  Par- 
ties dealing  with  this  house  will  find 
their  relations  pleasant,  permanent 
and  profitable. 

GEORGE  I.  CUNNINGHAM, 
Ex-Mayor. 

The  road  to  substantial  distinction 
lies  along  no  royal  highway.  Perma- 
nent and  Avell-founded  pre-eminence 
and  high,  honorable  and  merited  esti- 


104 


City  of  Charleston. 


relation  with  one’s  fellow-citizens,  is 
only  achieved  by  those  inspired  with 
high  aspirations,  based  upon  immuta- 
ble justice,  unfaltering  fidelity  to  in- 
tegrity, and  a stern  and  resolute  ad- 
herence, under  all  circumstances  and 
on  every  occasion,  to  law  and  religion. 
If  governed  and  guided  by  such  mo- 
tives ; if  one’s  conduct  is  controlled 
by  these  principles,  stupendous,  and 
what  to  the  weak  and  irresolute  would 
be  appalling  difficulties,  are  overcome. 
A review  of  the  lives  of  successful  self- 
made  men,  prominent  in  public  life 
and  honored  in  social  circles,  is  both 
pleasant  and  profitable ; it  is  an  ad- 
monition pressed  home  to  the  hearts 
and  minds  of  the  young  with  the  trip- 
pie  power  of  precept,  example  and  re- 
ward— a demonstration  of  the  possi- 
bility of  the  pleasure  and  of  the  glory 
of  honorable  achievements. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  Mr. 
George  i.  Cunningham,  was  born  in 
Monroe  County,  Tennessee,  came  to 
Charleston  when  seventeen  years  of 
age,  and  a year  later  established  him- 
self in  business  at  a small  stand  in 
the  Market.  Having  adopted  this 
city  as  the  place  of  his  future  residence, 
he  early  took  a lively  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs,  and  was  by  the  military  ap- 
pointed Alderman,  the  first  official 
position  he  filled  in  that  community 
he  was  destined  subsequently  to  serve 
so  faithfully  and  so  well  as  its  chief 
executive  officer.  On  the  expiration 
of  his  first  term,  he  was,  by  a civic 
vote,  elected  Alderman  for  the  4th 
Ward,  and  was  in  1873  elected  Mayor. 
In  1875  a split  occurred  in  the  Repub- 
lican party.  Mr.  Cunningham  was 
nominated  on  a general  coalition  ticket 
against  General  Wagener,  a prominent, 
popular  and  public  spirited  German, 
who  had  served  with  great  distinction 
in  the  late  war,  wdro  had  a powerful 
organ  in  a German  paper,  principally 
owned  by  his  brother,  the  largest  and 
wealthiest  wholesale  grocer  and  pro- 
vision dealer  in  the  South,  and  backed 
by  his  wealth,  who  spared  neither 
time,  effort  or  money  to  serve  his 


heart’s  desire,  the  election  of  the  Gen- 
eral, a distinguished  soldier  and  an 
able  citizen,  and  an  eminently  popular 
man  with  the  German  element.  Not- 
withstanding this  active,  energetic  and 
strong  .opposition,  Mr.  Cunningham, 
in  his  first  term,  had  so  acquitted  him- 
self, that  he  was  re  elected  by  a large 
and  greatly  increased  majority,  dis- 
charging with  care  and  fidelity,  and 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  and  great 
benefit  of  this  people,  the  responsible 
and  arduous  duties  of  this  high  office 
for  two  successive  terms,  winning 
hosts  of'  friends  and  admirers  by  his 
integrity,  his  unshaken  adherence  to 
the  principles  of  his  party,  and  just 
government.  He  was  elected  a County 
Commissioner  three  consecutive  terms, 
in  1872,  1874,  and  1876,  and  was,  by 
reason  of  his  executive  ability,  made 
the  Chairman  of  the  Board  for  each 
of  these  terms.  He  was  an  ardent, 
able  and  efficient  supporter  of  Cham- 
berlain. He  is  one  of  Charleston’s 
most  public-spirited  citizens;  and 
whether  in  measures  devised  by  him- 
self, or  in  espousing  those  put  forward 
by  others,  and  which  he  believes  to  be 
conducive  to  the  growth,  prosperity 
and  welfare  of  the  city  of  his  adop- 
tion, he  is  a most  earnest,  energetic 
and  effective  advocate,  devoting  not 
only  largely  of  his  time,  but  giving 
freely  and  liberally  of  those  means 
(with  which  he  lias  been  blessed  as  a 
recompense  for  his  great  tact  and  sa- 
gacity, his  untiring  energy,  and  his 
life-long  honorable  busisess  methods), 
to  bring  them  to  a successful  issue. 
In  1876  the  people  of  Charleston  be- 
gan to  feel  the  great  need  of  a public 
and  greatly  increased  supply  of  water, 
and  on  the  23d  day  of  May,  of  that 
year,  this  subject  was  brought  under 
discussion  and  consideration  of  the 
Common  Council,  in  the  form  of  a re- 
port from  the  Commissioners  of  Water 
Works;  and  on  account  of  its  great 
importance  and  seriousness,  engrossed 
much  of  its  time  and  its  most  earnest 
and  serious  attention ; and  after  a care- 
ful consideration  of  the  sources  of 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


105 


supply,  that  of  the  Artesian  Well  was 
adopted,  and  a resolution  was  passed 
that  estimates  be  invited  and  received; 
and  in  accordance  therewith,  on  the 
8th  day  of  June  of  the  same  year,  a 
contract  was  entered  into  with  F. 
Spangler,  and  in  pursuance  with  such 
action,  in  a brief  time  thereafter,  the 
Cunningham  Artesian  Well  was  open- 
ed, giving  200,000  gallons  daily.  It 
shortly  ran  waste,  and  remained  so  till 
1880,  and  now  supplies  sixteen  miles 
of  piping.  But  for  the  contribution  of 
his  private  means  by  this  most  philan- 
thropic citizen, — the  contractor,  Mr. 
Spangler,  tells  us, — he  would  have  had 
to  abandon  the  enterprise. 

In  1881  a new  well  was  commenced, 
which  will  be  finished  this  year,  2,000 
feet  in  depth,  and  yielding  1,000,000 
gallons  daily.  These  water  works  are 
owned  by  a company  of  ten,  of  which 
Mr.  Cunningham  is  an  active  director. 
He  has  taken  pride  and  interest  in  se- 
curing for  this  work  a triumphant 
success,  and  has  spared  neither  time, 
energy  or  money  in  the  consumma- 
tion of  this  his  most  ardent  desire. 
Mr.  Cunningham,  during  his  official 
life,  ever  bore  his  burden  of  civic  re- 
sponsibilities in  the  manner  best  calcu- 
lated in  his  estimation  to  promote  the 
public  good  ; and  in  all  the  positions 
to  which  his  fellow-citizens  called  him, 
he  displayed  an  intelligence,  zeal  and 
fidelity,  which  have  won  for  him  the 
confidence,  esteem  and  respect  of  the 
entire  community.  He  has  achieved 
a wondrous  success,  both  in  mercan- 
tile and  political  life  ; and  if  we  search 
for  the  secret  by  which  he  has  accom- 
plished so  much,  We  are  led  to  attri- 
bute it  to  his  large-heartedness  and 
the  shrewd  tact  and  common  sense 
which  leads  him  always  in  the  right 
direction,  and  which,  through  his  long 
and  eventful  career,  has  never  made 
it  necessary  for  him  to  retrace  a step 
once  taken,  nor  to  defend  his  conduct 
on  any  occasion.  This  gentleman  is 
still  actively  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  is  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Cunningham  & Brown. 

8 


GEORGE  H.  INGRAHAM, 

Factor  and  Commission  Merchant, 
Central  Wharf. 

Time  in  its  ceaseless  march  has 
measured  off  over  half  a century  since 
the  foundation  of  this  flourishing 
house,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  It 
was  established  on  1st  June,  1827,  by 
the  senior  member  of  the  present  firm 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  city.  In  1840 
he  moved  down  town,  and  the  house, 
under  the  name  of  Ingraham  & Webb, 
continued  its  prosperous  career  till  the 
war,  during  which  they  dissolved  part- 
nership. From  1867,  Mr.  Ingraham 
carried  on  business  in  partnership  with 
his  son  till  1880,  since  when  this 
staunch  and  reliable  house  has  been 
continued  by  Mr.  Ingraham  alone. 
The  facilities  enjoyed  by  Mr.  In- 
graham, for  the  transaction  of  a 
large  business,  are  not  surpassed  by 
any  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
Charleston.  He  has  commodious 
wharf  privileges  and  ample  storage 
capacity.  He  is  honorable  and  liberal 
in  his  methods  of  doing  business,  giving- 
satisfaction  to  both  growers  and  buyers. 
Mr.  Geo.  W.  Ingraham,  is  one  of 
Charleston’s  oldest  and  most  respected 
citizens.  He  has  represented,  from 
time  to  time,  between  1832  and  1880, 
the  3d  ward  on  the  Aldermanic  board, 
fulfilling  his  arduous  duties  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  his  constituency  under 
several  different  mayors.  In  the  civil 
conflict,  he  took  an  active  part  in  sup- 
porting, under  Calhoun,  the  great  law 
of  a free  people,  State  Rights,  and  has, 
at  all  times,  been  an  influential  factor 
in  the  advance  of  South  Carolina’s  po- 
litical dues  and  commercial  welfare. 

JOHN  J.  MOLONY, 

Ship  Broker  and  Commission 
Merchant. 

There  is  no  avocation  that  has  a 
more  direct  and  appreciable  influence 
in  building  up  and  promoting  the 
commercial  importance  of  a sea-port, 


106 


City  of  Charleston. 


than  that  of  the  ship  broker.  Promi- 
nent among  these  in  Charleston  is  Mr. 
John  J.  Molony,  ship  broker  and  com- 
mission merchant,  whose  office  is  con- 
veniently located  on  Central  Wharf. 
He  started  for  himself  three  years  ago, 
and  has  built  up  no  inconsiderable  busi- 
ness, handling  in  the  year  over  250 
vessels,  trading  mostly  with  the  West 
Indies  and  along  the  coast.  As  a com- 
mission merchant,  Mr.  Molony  has  ex- 
tensive transactions  in  general  mer- 
chandise, his  increasing  engagements 
necessitating  the  employment  of  three 
competent  hands.  He  has  also  a large 
interest  in  three  vessels  trading  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  and  to  the  West  Indies. 
Mr.  Molony  is  a native  of  Charleston, 
is  a man  therefore  well  known  for  his 
strict  probity,  and  commercial  integ- 
rity, and  forms  a valuable  aid  to  the 
business  and  social  communities. 

MIKELL  & SIMONDS, 

Storage  and  Commission  Merchants, 
Southern  Wharves. 

Mikell  & Simonds  established 
themselves  in  the  storage  and  com- 
mission business  on  the  southern 
wharves  of  Charleston  in  the  spring 
of  1883.  They  make  liberal  advances 
on  goods  or  produce,  either  stored  or 
consigned.  They  have  large  ware- 
houses and  sheds,  and  connect  by  rail 
with  all  railroads  running  to  the  city. 
The  valuable  property  on  which  this 
business  is  conducted,  is  owned  by  Dr. 
Andrew  Simonds,  the  father  of  the 
junior  proprietor,  who  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent,  and  public-spirited 
citizens,  and  leading  capitalists  of 
Charleston,  holding  the  high  and  re- 
sponsible position  of  President  of  the 
the  First  National  Bank  of  this  city, 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  conserva- 
tive and  soundest  financial  institu- 
tions of  the  South.  The  gentlemen 
who  compose  this  firm  are  young 
men  of  high  character  and  position, 
Mr.  W.  L.  Mikell  being  a native  of 
Charleston,  and  Mr.  Andrew  Simonds, 
Jr.,  a native  of  Abbeville,  the  place  of 


nativity  not  only  of  his  father  and 
mother,  but  of  generations  of  his  an- 
cestors. 

S.  B.  THOMAS, 

Window  Shades,  Paper  Hangings, 
Lace  Curtains,  Cornices  and 
Upholstery  Goods. 

The  market  for  fine  paper  hangings, 
and  decorations,  never  was  in  better 
condition,  and  never  before,  has  there 
been  presented,  such  elaborate  designs, 
and  beautiful  patterns,  in  wall  papers, 
that  serve  to  transform,  the  plain,  and 
unattractive  house,  into  a fairy  para- 
dise, at  prices  so  astonishingly  reason- 
able. A desirable  house,  at  which,  to 
secure  all  that  is  new,  and  beautiful, 
in  this  line,  is  that  of  Mr.  S.  B.  Tho- 
mas, located  at  No.  320  King  street. 
This  business,  was  established,  in  1872, 
by  Messrs.  Thomas  and  Townlinson. 
In  1877,  Mr.  Thomas,  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  old  firm,  became  the  sole 
proprietor  of  the  establishment.  His 
store  is  30x100  feet,  in  dimensions,  is 
admirably  fitted  up,  modern,  and  pro- 
vided with  every  convenience.  He 
carries,  a full,  and  complete  line,  of, 
paper  hangings,  decorations,  borders- 
dados,  friezes,  window  shades,  lace  cur- 
tains, cornices,  and  upholstery  goods, 
which  are  principally  manufactured 
by  the  proprietor,  who  also  makes 
window  awnings  to  order.  He  em- 
ploys, from  two  to  four  assistants.  His 
trade  comes  from  throughout  the  city, 
and  the  surrounding  country,  and 
grows  in  magnitude,  and  importance, 
each  succeeding  year.  Mr.  Thomas, 
was  born  in  Charleston,  as  a business 
man,  he  has  few  superiors,  as  a skilled 
mechanic,  in  every  department  of  his 
trade,  he  ranks  with  the  best,  while  as 
a citizen,  he  enjoys  the  respect  and 
confidence,  of  the  entire  community. 

T.  BAPJvER  JONES, 

General  Grain  and  Provision 
Broker. 

Mr.  T.  Barker  Jones,  the  subject  of 
our  sketch,  is  one  of  the  energetic  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


107 


rising  business  men  of  Charleston.  He 
is  a native  of  the  city,  and  received 
his  education  under  the  free  school 
system,  and  when  quite  a youth  en- 
listed in  the  State  Militia,  stationed 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  war  be- 
tween the  States,  at  Columbia,  S.  C. 
In  business  he  is  noted  for  his  correct- 
ness and  promptitude  in  everything 
he  takes  charge  of.  He  was  formerly 
in  the  grain  business,  and  has  been  in 
his  present  line  since  1878.  He  is  a 
general  broker,  and  places  large  quan- 
tities of  general  merchandise  for  local 
consumption,  on  small  margins,  and 
his  patronage  is  steadily  increasing. 
In  social  circles  Mr.  Jones  is  an  influ- 
ential factor.  Is  an  influential  mem- 
ber of  the  K.  of  P.  and  I.  O.  G.  T., 
and  in  military  organizations  takes  an 
active  part,  and  is  a life  member  of 
the  famous  Washington  Light  Infan- 
try. In  politics  he  also  has  played 
several  important  parts.  He  was  Chair- 
man of  the  Democratic  party  in  1877 
in  Charleston,  and  also  member  of  the 
County  Committee.  Last  year  he  ran 
as  Probate  Judge  on  the  Independent 
ticket  in  Charleston  County.  The 
same  year  was  delegate  to  the  first 
Independent  Convention  held  in  this 
State,  from  Charleston  County,  filling 
those  various  positions  with  credit  to 
himself,  and  the  parties  whose  prin- 
ciples he  has  always  so  ably  advocated. 

W.  M.  MUCKENFUSS, 

Attorney  at  Law  and  Solicitor  in 
Equity, 

No  11  Broad  Street. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  known 
as  one  of  tne  most  able  lawyers  of  our 
city,  is  a descendant  of  the  Mucken- 
fusses  and  Dorrills,  who  figured  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  born  in 
Charleston,  and  after  leaving  school 
entered  in  the  Confederate  cause, 
the  Washington  Light  Infantry,  25th 
South  Carolina  Regiment,  as  a private, 
and  for  meritorious  service  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  lieutenant.  His 
regiment  was  mostly  engaged  on  this 


coast,  and  was  much  of  the  time  in 
Forts  Sumter  and  Wagner.  They  were 
also  eighteen  months  in  Virginia,  and 
took  part  in  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the 
campaign,  including  Petersburg,  where 
Lieut.  Muckenfuss  was  wounded.  He 
also  for  six  months  suffered  the  mise- 
ries of  Point  “ Look  Out,”  Prison. 
After  the  cessation  of  hostilities  he 
read  law  in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Simon- 
ton  & Barker,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1807,  since  when  he  has  been 
practicing  in  this  city,  and  has,  on  ac- 
count of  his  exhaustive  knowledge  of 
the  profession,  gained  a large  practice, 
more  especially  in  Equity  cases,  a 
line  only  those  having  the  most 
extended  and  lucid  acquaintance  with 
the  laws  can  prosecute.  In  politics 
Mr.  Muckenfuss,  also  takes  an  active 
part,  and  has  been  delegate  to  all  the 
State  and  National  Conventions,  taking' 
a prominent  part  for  Hancock’s  nomi- 
nation, at  Cincinnati,  in  1880.  From 
1876  to  1882  he  filled  the  position  of 
Treasurer  of  the  town  of  Moultrieville, 
to  the  satisfaction  of  its  inhabitants, 
and  from  1873  till  1880  was  Clerk  of 
the  City  Court,  performing  his  duties 
with  correctness  and  method.  Mr. 
Muckenfuss  has  ever  had  the  further- 
ance of  the  great  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party  at  heart,  and  is  well 
and  favorably  known  to  the  people  of 
this  State  and  city,  as  an  influential 
member  of  professional  and  social 
circles.  He  also  takes  an  interest  in 
military  organizations,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent lieutenant  in  the  oldest  regiment 
in  the  country,  the  Washington  Light 
Infantry.  An  interesting  sketch  of  his 
life  was  published  in  the  weekly  News 
and  Courier,  21th  May,  1882. 

ALVA  GAGE  & CO. 

Shipping,  Steamboat  and  City  Trade 

Supplied.  Ice  Packed  for  the 

Country  a Specialty'. 

It  needs  no  other  argument  to  prove 
the  immense  blessing  that  ice  is  to  the 
communities  of  all  nations,  than  the 
immense  trade  done  in  it  all  over  the 


108 


City  of  Charleston. 


world,  especially  in  the  hot  days  of 
Summer,  when  it  is  an  article  of  con- 
sumption, as  necessary  as  food  for 
human  sustenance.  The  largest  ice 
business  carried  on  in  Charleston,  is 
that  of  Alva  Gage  & Co.  This  house 


was  established  by  the  senior  member 
of  the  above  named  firm  in  1853. 
After  having  conducted  a prosperous 
and  lucrative  business  for  many  years, 
this  gentleman,  in  1875,  took  into  part- 
nership Mr.  S.  Lapham,  Jr.  Then- 
storehouse  is  known  by  the  name  of 
the  Charleston  Ice  House,  is  located 
on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Church 
streets,  has  a storage  capacity  of  two 
thousand  tons,  with  ample  additional 
capacity  for  storage  of  material  and 
apparatus  for  distribution  of  the  large 
amount  of  ice  handled  by  them,  being 
double  the  quantity  sold  by  any  other 
establishment  in  the  city.  Their  trade 
is  large  and  lucrative,  importations 
amounting  annually  to  about  ten  thou- 
sand tons.  Shipping,  steamboat  and 
city  trade  are  supplied  by  this  house. 
Ice  packed  for  the  country  is  a special- 
ty with  them.  They  give  steady  em- 
ployment to  from  twenty  to  twenty- 
five  men,  and  to  a much  larger  force 
in  addition  in  summer,  almost  con- 
stantly in  discharging  their  vessels. 
Five  two  horse  wagons  for  distribution 
to  families,  and  several  additional 
teams  for  supplying  larger  consumers 
are  used  in  their  business.  Mr.  Gage 
is  a native  of  New  England,  and  is  a 
public-spirited  citizen.  Mr.  Lapham, 
the  junior  partner,  is  a native  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. These  gentlemen  have 
extensive  experience,  fine  business 
qualifications  and  ability,  and  thor- 
oughly conversant  with  all  the 
details  of  the  business  and  require- 
ments of  the  trade,  and  are  respect- 
ed and  esteemed  as  merchants  and 
citizens. 


JOHN  PAUL  & CO., 
Grocers. 

This  old  stand  is  well  known  to  the 
whole  community,  having  been  occu- 
pied as  a grocer}^  for  a period  of  nearly 
80  years.  It  was  first  started  by  the 
firm  of  Tate  & Wilson,  who  were  suc- 
ceeded by  Wilson  & Paul,  the  latter 
the  father  of  the  present  proprietor — 
afterward  by  J.  & D.  Paul,  and  then 
was  known  as  Paul  & Brown  ; then  as 
Paul,  Brown  & Co.,  and  afterward,  as 
D.  Paul  & Co.,  but  is  now,  and  has 
been  for  the  last  ten  years  under  the 
firm  name  of  Jno.  Paul  & Co.  Mr. 
Paul  conducts  a large,  widespread  bus- 
iness, and  is  indefatigable  in  his  en- 
deavors to  please  his  patrons,  and  to 
furnish  them  with  the  very  best  qual- 
ity of  goods  at  the  lowest  prices.  The 
store  is  eligibly  located  on  the  corner, 
47  Broad  street,  and  is  of  spacious  di- 
mensions, having  a frontage  of  40  feet, 
by  100  in  depth,  and  is  provided  with 
every  convenience  and  facility  for  bus- 
iness transactions,  and  for  the  display 
of  the  large  stock  of  choice  staple  and 
fancy  groceries,  that  are  always  to 
be  found  here,  together  with  canned 
goods,  provisions  of  all  kinds.  A spe- 
cialty is  made  of  pure,  choice  teas,  cot- 
fees  and  spices,  and  the  best  brands  of 
family  flour.  It  takes  the  united  aid 
of  six  experienced  clerks  in  waiting 
on  customers,  and  filling  orders. 

Mr.  Paul  was  born  in  Scotland,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and 
during  his  business  career,  has  been 
eminently  successful,  and  has  estab- 
lished a large  trade,  extending  over  the 
city,  and  environs.  Since  his  residence 
in  Charleston,  he  has  won,  by  his  hon- 
orable policy  in  conducting  business, 
the  esteem  of  the  whole  community. 
His  copartner,  Mr.  Geo.  Paul,  is  faith- 
ful and  considerate  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties,  and  has  become  popular 
and  won  many  friends. 

As  merchants,  they  have  every  fa- 
cility for  making  their  purchases  in 
large  quantities,  upon  the  most  advan- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


109 


tageous  terms,  and  their  patrons  re- 
ceive the  benefit  of  their  experience 
and  these  advantages,  in  first  quality 
goods  and  at  the  very  lowest  prices. 

JNO.  C.  MILLAR,  • 
Attorney  at  Law. 

Mr.  John  C.  Millar,  a member  of 
the  Charleston  bar,  is  a native  of  this 
city,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  left 
his  studies  to  enter  the  Confederate 
army.  He  went  to  Virginia  as  a 
private  in  the  2nd  Regiment  S.  C. 
volunteer  infantry,  commanded  by 
Col.  (afterwards  Maj  .-General)  Ker- 
shaw, which  was  the  first  regiment 
from  this  State  mustered  into  the 
Confederate  service.  He  participated 
in  the  bloody  engagements  in  which 
his  command  bore  a distinguished 
part,  until  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Malvern  Hill.  He  was  then  promoted 
to  be  Serg’t-Major  of  the  2nd  Regi- 
ment S.  C.  V.  artillery,  and  served  in 
that  capacity,  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  taking  part  in  the  heroic  defence 
of  Battery  W agner,  upon  Morris 
Island,  near  Charleston,  and  in  the 
other  engagements  upon  the  coast, 
and  afterwards  in  North  Carolina,  in 
which  his  command  was  engaged 
under  General  Joe  Johnson.  After 
the  war  Mr.  Millar  resumed  his  stud- 
ies and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  from 
the  offices  of  Messrs.  Brewster,  Spratt 
& Burke,  and  the  late  Chief  Justice 
Dunkin,  of  Charleston,  after  a public 
examination.  Mr.  Millar  conducts  a 
successful  and  growing  practice. 

M.  F.  KENNEDY  & BRO., 

Auctioneers  and  Real  Estate 
Agents. 

Among  the  leading  representatives 
in  this  line  of  business  in  Charleston 
are  Mr.  M.  F.  Kennedy  & Bro.,  Mr.  P. 
H.  Kennedy,  who  succeeded  their 
father  at  his  death  in  79.  They  are 
among  the  busiest  business  men  of  the 
city,  and  conduct  a large  trade  in  real 
estate  and  auctioneering,  and  are 


prominent  in  financial  matters  in  the 
city.  They  buy  and  sell  property, 
farm  lands,  and  building  lots,  lease 
and  rent  houses  and  lands,  collect 
rents,  and  attend  promptly  to  every 
thing  pertaining  to  the  business.  In 
the  auctioneer’s  department  all  goods 
are  sold  on  commission,  and  the  sales 
comprise  every  class  of  property,  and 
a large  trade  is  done  all  over  the  State. 
They  do  business  and  are  pleasantly 
located  at  54  Broad  street,  the  office 
being  of  ample  dimensions — 20x50 
feet.  Both  of  the  members  of  the 
firm  were  born  in  Charleston,  and 
Mr.  M.  F.  Kennedy  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  from  the  city  of  Charles- 
ton last  fall,  unopposed.  This  firm 
have  won  the  confidence  and  regard  of 
all  classes  of  the  community  in 
Charleston,  and  are  respected  not 
alone  for  their  high  business  qualities, 
but  also  for  their  qualities  as  gentle- 
men and  upright,  useful  citizens. 


L.  SAHLMANN, 
65  East  Bay. 


Prominent,  among  the  large  well 
known,  and  popular  houses,  engaged 
in  his  line  of  business,  is  that  of  Mr. 
L.  Sahlmann,  dealer,  in  corn,  oats, 
peas,  beans,  feed  of  all  kinds,  rice  flour, 
bags  and  twine,  and  manufacturer  of 
grist  and  meal.  The  store,  is  a large 
brick  building,  33x100  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, and  four  stories  high.  This 
business,  was  established,  by  its  enter- 


110 


City  of  Charleston. 


prising  proprietor,  in  1870.  He  enters 
annually,  into  contract,  with  the  pro- 
prietor, of  an  extensive  mill,  for  the 
grist  and  meal  ground  by  him.  He 
has  a thorough  knowledge,  of  all  the 
details  of  this  business,  has  unsur- 
passed facilities  for  its  transaction,  has 
a large  acquaintance  with  producer, 
and  consumer,  possesses  superior  op- 
portunities, for  procuring  his  supplies, 
and  has  as  large  a trade,  calling  into 
requisition,  the  services  of  nine  com- 
petent assistants,  and  three  trucks,  to 
fill  the  orders  and  meet  the  require- 
ments of  his  customers.  He  deals 
wholesale.  Mr.  Sahlmann,is  a native 
of  Charleston,  though  born  of  foreign 
parents,  and  during  his  business  career, 
has  won  the  esteem,  and  confidence,  of 
the  entire  mercantile  community,  and 
the  substantial  success,  with  which  he 
has  met,  speaks  well  for  his  enterprise 
and  business  ability. 

WILLIAM  M.  BIRD  & CO., 

Dealers  in  Oils,  White  Lead,  Col- 
ors, Window  Glass,  &c. 

This  house,  was  established  in 
1866.  In  1881,  Mr.  William  M. 
Bird  admitted  Mr.  Henry  F.  West  in 
the  firm,  and  continued  business  un- 
der the  firm  name  and  style  of  Wil- 
liam M.  Bird  & Co.,  as  dealers  in  oils, 
white  lead,  colors,  window  glass,  &c. 
The  premises  occupied  by  this  house 
is  a building  three  stories  in  height, 
with  cellar,  is  22x148  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, is  thoroughly  fitted  up  and 
adapted  for,  the  expeditious  transac- 
tion of  its  immense  business,  requir- 
ing to  satisfy  its  demands,  besides  the 
unremitting  attention  of  the  active, 
energetic  proprietors,  the  services  of 
ten  competent  assistants,  and  the  use 
of  three  trucks.  The  stock  consists  of 
paints  of  all  kinds  in  quantities  to  suit, 
in  cans,  kegs,  barrels,  or  by  the  pound. 
They  carry  also,  in  large  quantities, 
oils,  varnishes,  furniture  polishes, white 
lead,  window  glass,  machine  oil,  col- 
ors, roof  paints,  mixed  paints,  brushes 
of  all  kinds,  and  in  general  a full  line  ! 


of  that  class  of  goods  denominated 
painters’  supplies.  The  stock  carried 
has  a representative  value  of  many 
thousands  of  dollars.  The  trade  done 
by  this  house  is  the  larger  than  that 
of  any  house  of  its  kind  in  South  Car- 
olina, and  extends  throughout  this 
State,  North.  Carolina,  Georgia  and 
Florida.  They  are  also  the  Agents  for 
South  Carolina  for  Howe’s  Standard 
Scales,  and  Marvin’s  Safes,  and  are 
prepared  to  supply  the  mercantile  and 
commercial  community  with  these 
almost  indispensible  requisites  of  every 
business  house,  of  any  size,  and  of  all 
degrees  of  finish,  from  the  factories  of 
these  renowned  manufacturers.  They 
are  prompt  and  reliable  dealers,  and 
their  house  is  so  managed  and  con- 
ducted, as  to  be  a credit  to  Charleston, 
South  Carolina’s  greatest  business 
center. 

P.  McGREGOR  McINNES, 
Horse  Siioer,  etc. 

One  of  the  best  known  business  men 
in  this  section  of  the  city,  and  promi- 
nent on  account  of  the  quality  of  his 
workmanship,  is  Air.  McGregor  Mcln- 
nes,  who  has  been  for  nearly  thirty 
years,  engaged  in  the  horse  shoeing 
line.  He  learned  his  trade  with  his 
father,  the  oldest  and  best  known 
blacksmith  in  Charleston,  Ben.j.  Mcln- 
nes,  and  worked  in  his  shop  many 
years  He  afterwards  moved  to  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  where,  for  five  years,  he  car- 
ried on  a lucrative  trade.  Resolving 
to  return  to  his  native  place,  he  estab- 
lished himself  at  7}  Spring  street,  in 
this  city,  in  1881,  and  by  industry  and 
perseverance,  coupled  with  his  practical 
knowledge  of  horse  shoeing,  has  gain- 
ed an  extended  patronage.  He  makes 
a specialty  of  fixing  fine  shoes,  6 and 
7 ozs,  oil  racing,  riding  and  fast  trot- 
ting animals,  for  which  work  his'  skill 
especially  fits  him.  He  is  patronized 
by  the  leading  gentlemen  in  the  coun- 
try. In  the  shop  two  able  and  expe- 
rienced assistants  are  employed.  Mr. 
Mclnnes  took  a diploma  at  the  S.  C. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


Ill 


Agricultural  Society,  in  ’78,  and  in  ’79 
was  awarded  at  the  same  exhibit,  a 
medal  for  the  excellent  finish,  strength 
and  durability  of  his  work.  This 
gentleman  is  well  known  to  all  as  a 
native  of  Charleston,  and  his  attention 
to  and  knowledge  of  horse  shoeing, 
has  made  the  success  he  has  met  with, 
assured. 

WILLIAM  T.  ELFE, 

Trial  Justice  and  Notary  Public. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  ranks 
among  the  most  popular  of  our  citi- 
zens. Mr.  Elfe  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, and  received  his  early  education 
at  her  best  schools.  He  commenced 
life  as  a mechanic,  continuing  at  that 
trade,  till  he  took  upon  himself  the 
duties  of  Superintendent  to  the  Boat- 
man Phosphate  Company,  which  po- 
sition his  training  and  natural  intelli- 
gence enabled  him  to  fill  with  the 
greatest  satisfaction  to  its  proprietors, 
for  many  years.  In  1878  he  received 
the  popular  Democratic  vote  of 
Charleston  County,  and  was  elected  to 
represent  it  in  the  Legislature  for  the 
term  of  two  years.  In  the  different 
positions  held  by  Mr.  Elfe,  he  mani- 
fested much  zeal,  and  his  duties  were 
so  impartially  transacted,  that  he  merit- 
ed the  esteem  and  respect  of  all  with 
whom  he  had  business  relationship. 
Having  shown  at  all  times  that  deep 
interest,  which  is.  characteristic  of  his 
nature  and  disposition,  it  was  deemed 
but  only  just  and  proper  to  him,  who 
has  always  labored  with  indefatigable 
energy  toward  promoting  and  advanc- 
ing Democratic  principles,  to  appoint 
him  to  the  position  he  has  so  ably 
filled,  for  now  four  years,  as  Trial  Jus- 
tice of  Charleston  County. 

Mr.  Elfe  is  also  foreman  of  Truck 
No.  2 in  the  Fire  Department,'  and 
Commissioner  of  Public  Lands,  in 
both  of  which  offices,  he  has  acquitted 
himself  with  his  usual  courage,  tact 
and  sense  of  justice.  Personally,  Mr. 
Elfe  is  a genial  and  courteous  gentle- 
man, and  fully  merits  the  high  regard 


in  which  he  is  held  by  the  commu- 
nity, and  it  is  safe  to  assert  that  higher 
and  greater  honors,  are  in  store  for  this 
popular  gentleman. 

COL.  CHARLES  H SIMONTON, 
Attorney  and  Counsellor. 

The  law  offices  of  the  Honorable 
Col.  Chas.  H.  Simonton,  Attorney  and 
Counsellor  at  law,  are  located  at  No. 
15  Broad  street.  This  gentleman,  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  and 
most  able  lawyers  in  Charleston.  He 
is  a native  of  Charleston.  He  acquired 
his  primary  education  in  this,  the  city 
of  his  birth,  and  after  a course  of  col- 
legiate studies,  graduated  from  the 
South  Carolina  College  with  the  first 
honor  of  his  class  in  1849.  He  then 
commenced  reading  law  in  the  office 
of  the  Honorable  R.  Monroe,  and  ap- 
plying himself  with  great  assiduity 
to  the  study  of  his  profession,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  a General  Term 
of  the  Supreme  Court  held  at  Colum- 
bia, in  1851.  Endowed  with  fine  nat- 
ural gifts,  having  a well  disciplined 
mind,  of  large  and  varied  attainments, 
thoroughly  well  read  in  his  profession, 
having  enjoyed  for  years,  a large,  va- 
ried and  lucrative  practice,  a conscien- 
tious and  pains-taking  counsellor,  an 
able  and  forcible  advocate,  he  occupies 
a foremost  position,  in  the  first  rank  of 
Charleston’s  lawyers.  He  was  admit- 
ted to  practice  in  the  United  States 
Circuit  Courts  in  1852.  In  the  war 
between  the  States,  he  was  Colonel  in 
Hagood’s  Brigade  of  Infantry,  and 
was  mainly  on  coast,  afterwards  in 
trenches  around  Petersburg.  As  rep- 
resentative of  a constituency,  he  voted 
for  its  call  of  convention,  in  1860,  was, 
in  1865,  elected  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  Was,  before  the 
war,  a member  of  the  Blouse  for  three 
consecutive  terms,  for  Charleston  coun- 
ty. Is  now  a member  of  the  House, 
having  been  elected  continuously 
since  1877,  and  is  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee.  Is  member  of 
the  United  States  Bar  Association,  and 


112 


City  of  Charleston. 


in  1859,  formed  a copartnership  with 
Mr.  Theodore  G.  Barker,  transacting 
with  great  success,  a large  professional 
business  in  all  the  civil  courts  of  the 
State,  such  as  drawing  wills,  deeds, 
bonds,  mortgages  and  legal  instru- 
ments, foreclosing  mortgages,  attend- 
ing to  partition  suits,  collecting  notes; 
hills  of  exchange,  and  claims  of  all 
kinds,  and  attending  to  such  business 
as  may  be  entrusted  to  him  in  the  line 
of  his  profession,  with  zeal,  fidelity, 
and  for  the  best  interest  of  his  client. 

MAJOR  TTIEO.  G.  BARKER, 
Attorney  at  Law. 

Theo.  G.  Barker,  Esq.,  has  been  a 
prominent  figure,  at  the  bar  of  South 
Carolina  for  many  years.  Born  in 
Charleston,  he  received  his  early  edu- 
cation at,  and  graduated  from,  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1849.  ITe 
then  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Judge 
Munro,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
at  the  general  term  examination  at 
Columbia,  in  1853.  Entering  upon 
his  career,  the  young  attorney  rapidly 
came  to  the  front,  and  built  up  a lu- 
crative practice.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  he  responded  with  alac- 
rity to  the  call  to  arms,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1860,  enlisted  as  Adjutant  of  the 
Rifle  Regiment,  under  Colonel  I. 
Johnston  Pettigrew;  afterwards,  in 
May,  1861,  was  appointed  Adjutant  of 
Hampton’s  Legion,  and  fought  in  the 
army  of  Northern  Virginia,  right  on 
to  the  final  suspension  of  hostilities, 
in  August,  1865.  He  was  engaged  at 
the  famous  First  Manassas,  and  was 
with  Hampton’s  Cavalry  throughout 
the  most  bloody  and  trying  campaigns 
of  modern  war,  and  in  October,  1864, 
was  wounded  in  the  vicinity  of  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  and  afterwards  near  Cheraw, 
S.  C.  Under  all  circumstances,  in 
camp  or  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight, 
he  exhibited  a zeal  and  valour  only 
instigated  by  his  having  the  welfare 
of  the  cause,  and  the  interests  of  the 
people  nearest  his  heart.  In  1865  he 
was  chosen  member  of  the  State  Leg- 


islature, serving  the  term  of  the  pro- 
visional government.  He  was  a dele- 
gate to  the  National  Convention  at 
Cincinnati,  which  nominated  Hancock, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  resto- 
ration of  the  State  in  1876,  from  the 
rule  of  the  party  of  corruption  and 
ignorance.  But  it  is  in  his  own  pro- 
fession Major  Barker,  stands  most  pre- 
eminent, and  as  a lawyer  is  considered 
thoroughly  well  read,  possessing  a 
vigorous  intellect,  and  much  clearness 
and  felicity  of  expression.  As  an  ad- 
vocate he  is  eloquent  and  convincing, 
and  just  toward  his  adversary.  Pie 
has  successfully  won  several  important 
cases  in  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  among  which  we  might  men- 
tion that  on  the  question  of  liability 
of  stockholders  of  the  broken  banks, 
and  on  behalf  of  the  Cheraw  and  Dar- 
lington Railroad  on  the  railroad  tax 
question,  and  the  recent  case  of  Phipps 
vs.  Wagner,  on  behalf  of  the  children 
of  Col.  Frank  Hampton.  He  formed 
a partnership  with  Col.  Charles  IT. 
Simonton  in  1859,  and  with  him  has 
ever  since  been  associated  in  business, 
the  office  of  the  firm  being  located  at 
15  Broad  street.  He  is  one  of  the 
most  influential  of  the  prominent  men 
in  the  State,  is  a public-spirited  citi- 
zen, espousing  and  advocating  with 
earnestness  and  effectiveness  whatever 
will  be  conducive  to  the  public  good, 
and  increase  the  importance  of  the 
community. 

F.  D.  C.  KRACKE, 

ITay  and  Grain  Merchant. 

One  of  the  oldest  representative  mer- 
chants, engaged  in  the  corn  and  feed 
business  in  Charleston,  is  Mr.  F.  D.  C. 
Ivracke,  who  started  in  this  line  thirty- 
seven  years  ago.  The  premises  util- 
ized for  business  purposes  consist  of  a 
spacious  two-story  frame  building, 
eligibly  located  at  No.  1 Doughty 
street,  fifty  feet  by  one  hundred  in  ex- 
tent, having  a large  capacity  for  the 
storage  of  stock,  which  includes  all  the 
various  grades  of  corn,  oats,  bran,  hay, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


113 


grist,  meal,  and  all  other  kinds  of  feed, 
such  as  baled  hay,  straw,  etc.  Mr. 
Kracke  has  every  facility  for  the  trans- 
action of  his  extensive  business,  and 
competing  with  any  house  in  South 
Carolina,  can  always  meet  demands 
made  upon  him,  either  in  large  or 
small  quantities.  He  has  conveniences 
for  obtaining  supplies,  that  enable  him 
to  furnish  his  merchandise  to  con- 
sumers at  the  lowest  market  prices. 
He  is  ably  assisted  in  the  multifarious 
duties  of  his  growing  patronage,  by 
his  two  sons,  and  to  facilitate  the  hand- 
ling and  delivery  of  goods,  has  two 
trucks  constantly  engaged,  while  in 
his  stables  he  keeps  seven  fine-bred 
horses.  He  is  a native  of  Hanover, 


and  came  to  this  country  forty  years 
ago,  and  by  his  energetic,  upright  and 
honorable  methods  of  doing  business, 
has  met  with  an  unbounded  success, 
and  has  gained  the  good-will  of  all 
classes  of  the  community,  where  he 
is  recognised  as  a large  property  holder 
and  enterprising  financier. 

CHARLESTON  HOTEL, 

E.  LI.  Jackson,  Proprietor. 

The  Charleston  Hotel  is  centrally 
located,  and  one  of  the  finest,  most 
conspicuous  and  attractive  buildings 
in  Charleston  in  an  architectural 
point  of  view.  It  is  a large,  most  sub- 
stantially built  four-story  building, 


CHARLESTON  HOTEL. 


covering  an  area  of  ground  150x250 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  has,  extending 
across  its  front,  spacious  porches  cov- 
ered by  a projection  of  the  roof  of  the 
main  building,  those  of  the  upper 
stories  being  supported  by  Corinthian, 
and  those  of  the  lower  floors  by  Trojan 
pillars.  It  is  the  most  noted  hotel  in 
South  Carolina,  and  the  only  first- 


class  hotel  in  the  city.  On  the  first 
floor  are  the  office,  the  reading  room, 
the  bar  rooms  and  billiard  hall,  dining- 
room, reception  room  and  gentlemen’s 
parlor.  On  the  second  floor  are  pub- 
lic and  private  parlors  and,  rooms  en 
suite  for  families.  The  remaining 
floors  are  occupied  for  sleeping  apart- 
ments and  suites,  accessible  by  spacious 


114 


City  of  Charleston . 


stairways,  elevators,  and  airy  halls. 
The  rooms,  one  hundred  and  seventy 
in  number,  are  well  lighted  and  ven- 
tilated, and  heated  by  open  grates, 
(the  halls  being  heated  by  steam) 
and  furnished  in  the  most  complete 
manner,  the  furniture  and  upholster- 
ing being  of  modern  design  and  fin- 
ish. The  spacious  dining  room  will 
seat  hundreds  of  guests,  and  the 
cuisine  is  under  the  supervision  of 
competent  and  professional  heads. 
Everything  that  modern  improve- 
ments could  suggest  in  the  way  of 
baths,  barber  shop,  electric  communi- 
cators, artesian  water,  &c.,  are  here 
found,  and  that  solid  comfort  at 
reasonable  rates  can  be  had  at  the 
Charleston  Hotel,  is  evidenced  by  the 
fact  that  persons  once  having  stopped 
here,  are  sure  to  return,  when  they 
again  visit  this  part  of  the  country. 
For  the  amusement  of  their  guests, 
there  is  connected  with  this  house,  one 
of  the  most  completely  equipped  bil- 
liard rooms,  provided  with  tables  of 
the  most  renowned  makers,  and  com- 
plete in  all  their  appointments.  The 
bar  is  stocked  with  the  best  brands  of 
imported  and  domestic  wines  and 
liquors,  and  a fine  assortment  of  im- 
ported and  domestic  cigars  can  be 
found  displayed  in  the  attractive 
cases  of  the  cigar  department.  Con- 
nected with  this  house  is  a livery,  hav- 
ing a number  of  fine,  stylish  horses 
and  fashionable  carriages,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  guests  or  the 
general  public,  to  be  let  for  business 
or  other  purposes,  and  upon  reasona- 
ble rates.  There  is  also  run  a line  of 
omnibuses  to  meet  all  trains,  and  take 
passengers  any  where  they  desire.  The 
present  proprietor,  Mr.  E.  H.  Jackson, 
assumed  control  of  this  hotel  fifteen 
.years  ago.  The  conduct  of  this  im- 
mense hostelrie,  calls  into  requisition 
the  services  of  one  hundred  and  ten 
employees.  In  the  office,  he  is  ably 
assisted  by  the  following  genial  and 
urbane  clerks:  Messes.  E.  W.  Powers, 
C.  A.  Classen  and  A.  V.  Green,  all  na- 
tives of  Charleston.  Bookkeeper  and  ) 


cashier  H.  P.  Jackson,  Mr.  P.  W.  Pow- 
ers, head  clerk,  a native  of  Vermont. 
Its  proprietor,  Mr.  E.  H.  Jackson,  is  a 
native  of  Vermont,  has  resided  many 
years  in  Charleston,  is  one  of  the  mos:t 
widely  known,  popular  and  public- 
spirited  citizens,  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  city’s  welfare,  represents 
his  ward  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 
Without  exception  the  Charleston 
Hotel  is  the  best  conducted  first-class 
hotel  in  the  South,  and  guests  will  at 
all  times  find  here  courteous  and 
prompt  attention,  a pleasant  locality, 
cultured  society,  and  everything  to 
make  them  feel  at  home  and  comfort- 
able. 

J.  B.  E.  SLOAN  & SON, 

Cotton  Factors  and  Commission 
Merchants. 

It  is  only  by  careful  study,  such  as 
has  been  made  in  compiling  this  work 
that  anything  like  a complete  under- 
standing of  the  magnitude  and  extent 
of  the  transactions  in  cotton,  the  great 
staple  production  of  the  South,  can  be 
acquired.  It  has  been  the  aim  of  the 
writer  in  this  work,  to  present  a brief 
and  truthful  statement  of  the  extent 
and  principal  characteristics  of  each 
industry,  without  making  invidious 
comparisons,  and  thus  lay  before  our 
readers,  a reliable  picture  of  the  several 
trade  accommodations  and  advantages 
Charleston  offers.  Among  the  exten- 
sive mercantile  houses,  which  claim 
our  notice,  none  deserve  more  favor- 
able consideration  at  our  hands  than 
that  of  Messrs.  J.  B.  E.  Sloan  & Son, 
Cotton  Factors  and  General  Commis- 
sion Merchants,  Brown’s  Wharf.  The 
senior  member  of  this  well  known 
house,  established  the  business  in  Janu- 
ary, 1866.  In  1870  Mr.  J.  M.  Seignious 
was  associated  with  him,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Messrs.  Sloan  & Seig- 
nious, which  firm  was  dissolved  in 
1881,  Mr.  .J.  B.  E.  Sloan  associating 
his  son,  Louis  F.  Sloan,  with  him,  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  J.  E.  B.  Sloan  & 
Son,  who  conduct  a lucrative  business 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


115 


in  this  line,  under  the  name  and  style 
that  heads  this  sketch.  They  have  a 
large  acquaintance,  and  do  a large 
commission  business.  They  havegood 
facilities  for  the  transaction  of  this  line 
of  business.  They  are  prepared  at  all 
times,  to  furnish  liberal  supplies  to 
planters,  and  generous  advances  on 
consignments.  They  are  prompt  in 
settling  and  closing  their  accounts, 
and  reliable  in  all  their  dealings. 
They  are  able  and  efficient  business 
men,  are  thoroughly  versed  in  all 
the  details  of  this  business,  and 
give  employment,  in  their  multitude 
of  transactions,  to  three  efficient  clerks. 
The  individual  members  of  this  firm 
are  Mr.  -J.  B.  E.  Sloan,  who  is  a native 
of  Georgia,  was  reared  in  Anderson 
County,  South  Carolina,  and  has  for  a 
number  of  years  resided  in  Charles- 
ton ; is  one  of  its  most  active,  merchants, 
and  one  of  its  public  spirited  citizens ; 
represents  8th  Ward  in  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  ; is  an  efficient  officer,  tak- 
ing an  active  part  in  the  counsels  and 
management  of  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  successful  business  enterprises  of 
South  Carolina,  namely,  the  Edisto 
Phosphate  Company,  of  which  he  is 
the  treasurer,  and  general  agent  (of  the 
merits  of  which  Company  the  reason- 
able limits  of  an  article  of  this  nature 
prohibit  here  further  mention) ; its 
history  will  be  given  in  another 
sketch.  This  gentleman  is  also  one  of 
South  Carolina’s  most  patriotic  citi- 
zens, with  filial  devotion  to  the  cause 
of  his  country.  The  Fourth  South 
Carolina  Regiment,  of  which  he  was 
the  Colonel,  was  among  the  first  which 
Avent  to  Virginia  at  his  country’s  call 
to  arms,  the  junior  partner,  Louis 
F.  Sloan,  Avas  born  in  Anderson  ; is  a 
courteous  gentleman,  holding  an  hon- 
orable position  in  Charleston’s  social 
and  business  circles. 

L.  D.  MOWRY  & SON, 
Factors  and  Commission  Merchants. 

In  a mercantile  community  there 
are  houses,  Avhose  age  alone  would 
render  them  worthy  of  marked  re- 


spect, and  when  coupled  therewith  is 
an  honorable  name  and  ready  adapta- 
bility to  changing  commercial  laivs, 
the  A'enerable  and  important  position 
they  hold  among  their  contemporaries 
is  a distinguished  one  indeed. 

Among  such  of  the  houses  doing  a 
cotton  factorage  and  commission  busi- 
ness in  Charleston,  Ave  note  the  Avell- 
known  firm  of  L.  D.  Mowry  & Son. 
Founded  in  1816,  and  therefore  the 
oldest  extant  house,  doing  a factorage 
business  in  the  city,  the  firm  has  out- 
rode all  the  vicissitudes  of  foreign  and 
domestic  wars,  all  the  seasons  of  mer- 
cantile depression  and  the  financial 
crises,  that  have  sAvept  over  the  country 
and  to-dav  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  staunch  and  reliable  houses  of  its 
kind,i  n South  Carolina.  Smith  Mow- 
ry,  -Jr.,  the  founder  of  this  ancient 
house,  was  born  in  Smithfield,  R.  I., 
and  came  to  Charleston  when  only  21 
years  old ; he  carried  on  business 
alone  till  1845,  when  the  firm  became 
S.  Mowry  & Son,  and  about  1854,  W. 
S.  Mowry  Avas  taken  into  the  firm,  the 
name  becoming  S.  & L.  Mowry  & Co. ; 
it  remained  so  for  six  years,  when  E.  S. 
a third  brother,  was  taken  into  the 
firm,  the  name  becoming  Mowry  & Co., 
and  so  remained  till  the  death  of  E.S., 
in  1863,  when  it  became  L.  D.  Mowry 
& Co. ; and  in  October,  1865,  without 
any  change  of  partnership,  Mowry  & Co, 
Mr.  A.H.  Mowry  being  admitted  in  Jan 
nary,  1869.  On  the  1st  of  January  1870, 
Mr.  W.  S.  Mowry  retired  from  the  firm 
to  become  a member  of  the  NeAV  York 
Cotton  Exchange,  where  he  has  since 
been  successfully  operating,  and  is 
generally  acknowledged  to  be  a man 
of  large  means,  when  Mr.  L.  D. 
Mowry  formed  a partnership  with  his 
son,  Mr.  A.  H.  Mowry,  the  firm  taking 
its  present  name  and  style.  During  its 
long  years  of  busines  asctivity  this  firm 
has  never  became  for  a moment  embar- 
rassed, a fact  which  places  it  in  the 
front  rank  of  the  mercantile  enter- 
prises of  the  South,  and  has  gained  for 
its  members  an  envied  and  honorable 
reputation  in  mercantile  circles.  They 


116 


City  of  Charleston. 


now  do  one  of  the  largest  businesses  in 
Charleston,  handling  from  12,000  to 
15,000  bales  of  cotton  annually.  They 
make  advances  on  liberal  terms  to,  and 
have  large  accounts  with,  many  of  the 
principal  growers  throughout  the 
country.  Their  important  trade,  ne- 
cessitates the  employment  of  four  com- 
petent and  experienced  hands,  who 
will  be  found,  in  the  absence  of  the 
proprietors,  polite  and  ready  to  meet 
the  demands  of  customers,  who  may 
favor  the  firm  with  a call  at  their 
offices,  conveniently  located  on  Cen- 
tral Wharf. 

Mr.  L.  L>.  Mowry,  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm,  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, on  22d  June,  1824,  and  during 
his  long  life  has  ever  held  the  highest 
position  as  a trustworthy  and  reli- 
able merchant,  and,  socially,  is  val- 
ued by  many  as  a friend.  ITe  was 
formerly  President  of  the  Union  Bank, 
and  also  Director  in  the  Northeastern 
Railroad,  and  the  Macon  and  Western 
Railroad,  in  all  of  which  positions  he 
performed  his  duties  with  an  unselfish 
end  to  the  thorough  satisfaction  of  all. 
He  at  present  ably  fills  the  chair  of 
the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the 
Charleston  Orphan  Home,  and  is  an 
influential  member  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  The  junior  member,  Mr. 
A.  II.  Mowry,  was  born  on  2d  July, 
1847,  in  Charleston,  and  has  strictly 
adhered  to  the  correct  business  meth- 
ods and  honorable  dealings,  which 
have  always  characterized  the  family. 
Socially  lie  is  an  active  and  well  known 
member  of  the  community,  and  fills 
the  position  of  President  of  the  Queen 
City  Club  of  this  city,  and  also  is  an 
energetic  member  of  a number  of  the 
military  organizations  of  the  State, 
having  been  Chief  Ordnance  Officer, 
with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  II.  H.  Rutledge 
four  years.  Also  takes  an  active 
part  in  politics,  and  is  a member 
of  the  County  Democratic  Execu- 
tive Committee,  and  Treasurer  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  Charles- 
ton. 


ALEX.  MELCIIERS, 

Vienna  Bakery. 

Prominent  among  the  business  en- 
terprises of  Charleston,  and  one  which 
takes  a leading  place  in  its  line,  is  the 
popular  “ Vienna  Bakery  ” of  Mr.  Mel- 
chers,  conveniently  and  centrally  lo- 
cated at  381  King  St.  This  is  one  of 
the  oldest  established  bakeries  in  town, 
having  been  founded  by  its  present 
proprietor  in  1852.  Since  its  inception 
its  patronage  has  steadily  increased, 
till  it  now  supplies  the  leading  fami- 
lies throughout  the  city,  for  insuring 
prompt  delivery  to  whom,  four  wagons 
are  kept  constantly  employed.  The 
premises  occupied  are  large,  well 
adapted  to,  and  conveniently  arranged 
for,  carrying  on  such  a large  trade  as 
Mr.  Melchers  enjoys.  He  requires  four- 
teen competent  and  skilled  hands  to 
do  the  work  of  the  establishment,  and 
when  we  mention  that  from  fifty  to 
sixty  barrels  of  flour  are  used  on  an 
average  weekly,  outside  parties  may 
form  some  idea  of  the  magni- 
tude of  the  business.  From  the  ovens 
are  turned  out  bread  of  the  most 
wholesome  make,  and  from  best  flour 
only,  and  cakes  and  pies  of  all  varie- 
ties ; also,  all  kinds  of  confections  are 
manufactured,  which  likewise  give 
great  satisfaction  to  customers.  In 
every  way  the  owner  has  made  his 
establishment  a favorite  one,  and  by 
close  attention  and  using  only  the  best 
materials,  and  care  in  having  the  most 
experienced  help,  stands  to-day  in  a 
merited  position,  as  the  owner  of  the 
most  popular  bakery  in  Charleston. 

Mr.  Alex.  Melchers  is  a native  of 
Oldenburg,  and  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1850,  and  during  his  long 
residence  in  the  Palmetto  city,  has  won 
many  social  honors,  among  which  we 
may  mention  his  having  ably  filled 
the  position  of  President  of  the  Ger- 
man Friendly  Society,  a charitable  in- 
stitution, dating  back  a generation 
before  Revolutionary  times.  Politi- 
cally he  has  also  gained  distinction 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


117 


and  represented  the  County  of  Charles- 
ton in  the  State  Legislature  in  1875 
and  1876,  fulfilling  his  duties  to  the 
greatest  satisfaction  of  his  fellow  mem- 
bers and  an  intelligent  constituency. 

OTTO  TIEDEMAN  & SONS, 

Grocers,  Provision  Dealers  and 
Commission  Merchants. 

Among  the  many  enterprises  neces- 
sary to  complete  the  commercial  re- 
sources of  a city,  none  is  of  more  im- 
portance to  the  community,  than  that 
of  the  wholesale  grocer  and  provision 
dealer,  as  being  one  of  the  main  factors 
in  the  furnishing  our  food  supplies. 

Prominent  among  the  larger  houses 
engaged  in  this  line  of  trade,  is  that 
of  Mr.  Otto  Tiedeman  & Sons,  located 
at  Nos.  102  and  104  East  Bay  street. 
The  building  utilized  by  this  firm  is 
four  stories  high,  is  50x150  feet  in  di- 
mensions, with  an  L besides,  and  is 
taxed  to  its  utmost  capacity  to  meet 
the  exigencies  of  their  transactions. 
This  house  was  established  in  1871, 
under  the  style  of  Tiedeman,  Calder 
& Co.,  who  did  a large  and  lucra- 
tive business  down  to  1874,  when  Mr. 
Calder  retiring  from  the  concern,  the 
sons,  John  C.  and  Otto  Jr.,  of  the  se- 
nior proprietor,  succeeded  to  the  in- 
terest of  the  retiring  partner.  The 
stock  of  goods  carried  is  large,  com- 
prehensive, and  well  selected,  and  em- 
braces everything  in  the  way  of  staple 
and  fancy  groceries,  teas,  coffees,  and 
is  particularly  full  in  the  line  of  pro- 
visions, and  has  a representative  value 
of  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  con- 
nections of  the  house  with  both  pro- 
ducers and  consumers,  are  wide,  ex- 
tending- throughout  the  State.  They 
give  employment  to  fifteen  assistants, 
and  besides  two  trucks  of  their  own, 
in  the  busy  season,  are  forced  to  hire 
others,  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
their  patrons.  Beside  dealing  on  their 
own  account  in  the  above  line,  they 
also  sell  large  quantities  of  provisions 
on  commission,  making  liberal  ad- 
vances on  consignments,  when  desired, 


being  just  and  honorable  in  their  deal- 
ings with  the  consignors,  and  prompt 
in  their  settlement  of  their  accounts. 
The  long  practical  experience  cf  the 
proprietors  in  the  business,  give  them 
advantages  in  procuring  supplies,  not 
possessed  by  any  of  their  competitors, 
and  makes  it  a desirable  thing  for  those 
engaged  in  the  trade,  to  inspect  their 
stock  and  prices  before  purchasing 
elsewhere.  It  may,  in  fact,  be  said  of 
the  patrons  of  this  house,  that  having 
been  once  connected  with  it  in  trade 
relations,  the  connection  is  seldom  bro- 
ken. The  senior  proprietor  is  a native 
of  Hanover,  came  to  this  country  in 
IS39,  has  resided  in  Charleston  many 
y ears;  his  sons  were  both  born  in  Charles 
ton  they  are  well  known  throughout 
this  section  of  country,  and  have  gained 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  com- 
munity, by  whom  they  are  regarded 
as  honorable  business  men  and  useful 
citizens. 

M.  J.  TREAILY, 

Job  Carpenter,  Etc. 

Among  the  rising  business  men  of 
Charleston,  we  take  pleasure  in  men- 
tioning the  name  of  Mr.  T realiy.  On 
February  last  this  gentleman  opened 
his  shop  in  Horlback  Alley,  and  has 
already  gained  a wide  patronage 
throughout  the  city.  His  shop  occu- 
pies a spacious  brick  building,  40x100 
feet,  well  arranged  and  fitted  up  for 
this  line  of  trade.  He  employs  to  as- 
sist him  two  competent  workmen. 
Beside  all  kinds  of  carpentry  work, 
in  which  he  is  especially  skilled,  Mr. 
Treahy  executes  orders  as  a manufac- 
turer and  builder,  and  the  character 
of  his  work  amply  testifies  to  his  skill. 
He  does  all  kinds  of  interior  wood  work, 
overhauling,  refitting,  etc.,  for  stores, 
offices  and  dwellings,  in  the  neatest 
and  most  finished  manner.  He  is  a 
native  of  Charleston,  and  has  devoted 
his  attention  to  the  business  from  boy- 
hood. He  is  a man  with  the  vigor  of 
youth,  energetic,  clear-headed  and 
practical,  and  undoubtedly  has  a bright 
future  before  him. 


118 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


COLBURN  & SCHACTE, 
General  Insurance  Agents. 

The  question  of  insurance  has  be- 
come of  vast  importance  to  property 
owners  throughout  the  country,  and 
closely  concerns  all  branches  of  busi- 
ness, and  in  relation  to  commercial  cred- 
it, is  identified  with  the  mercantile  and 
commercial  interests  of  every  locality. 
Among  the  oldest  and  most  prominent 
of  Charleston’s  insurance  agents,  stands 
the  firm  of  Colburn  & Schaclite,  whose 
office  is  centrally  and  conveniently  lo- 
cated at  7 Broad  street.  The  house 
has  had  a prosperous  existence  for  now 
over  thirty  years,  was  formerly  carried 
on  under  the  name  of  Colburn  & 
Howell,  afterwards  J.  Id.  Colburn  & 
Son,  and  has  been  now  known  to  the 
community  for  three  years,  under  the 
present  style.  They  represent  the  fol- 
lowing well  known,  staunch  and  re- 
liable companies : The  Germania,  the 
Westchester,  the  Hanover,  the  Stand- 
ard and  the  Citizen  Fire  Insurance 
Companies  of  New  York,  the  British- 
Jm erica  Fire  of  Toronto,  the  Factors’ 
and  Traders’  of  New  Orleans,  also 
Equitable  New  York  Lite.  They  also 
represent  the  Underwriter’s  Agency 
for  New  York  city.  Insurance  is  ef- 
fected to  any  amount  on  all  classes  of 
insurable  property,  and  at  lowest  rates, 
and  the  adjusting  of  risks  is  also  at- 
tended to  by  them.  By  the  judicious 
and  correct  manner  in  which  the  busi- 
ness is  conducted  in  all  its  depart- 
ments, this  house  now  stands  as  an 
example  in  this  city  of  what  can  be  ob- 
tained by  honorable  business  methods, 
and  the  prompt  payment  of  all  losses. 

Mr.  Schacte,  the  junior  member  of 
the  firm,  also  carries  on  a considerable 
auctioneering,  real  estate  and  stock 
brokerage  business.  Mr.  J.  P.  Colburn 
and  Mr.  Henry  Schachte  are  both  na- 
tives of  Charleston,  where  they  have 
been  long  and  favorably  known  in 
business  and  social  circles.  The  latter 
gentleman  takes  an  active  interest  in 
military  affairs  and  is  .at  present  Cap- 
tain of  the  German  Fusiliers. 


BARDIN  & MURDOCH, 

Cotton  and  Naval  Store  Factors, 

General  Commission  Merchants. 

Among  the  many  merchants  carry- 
ing on  a cotton  and  naval  store  fac- 
torage and  commission  business  in 
Charleston,  none  demand  more  atten- 
tion than  Messrs.  Bardin  & Murdoch, 
who  occupy  a large  three-story  build- 
ing utilised  for  storage  purposes,  the 
capacity  being  600  bales,  and  on  the 
first  floor  is  the  office,  with  a well  lit 
sample  room  attached,  conveniently 
located  on  corner  of  Brown’s  Wharf 
and  Prioleau  street.  This  house  was 
established  three  years  ago,  by  Mr. 
Isaac  V.  Bardin,  who  was  joined  by 
Mr.  J.  H.  Murdoch,  and  since  its  in- 
ception has  rapidly  increased  its  trans- 
actions, till  it  now  takes  a high  rank 
among  its  contemporaries.  They  han- 
dle in  the  season,  besides  12,000  bales 
of  midland  and  upland  cotton,  some 
50,000  barrels  rosin  and  15,000 
barrels  spirits  of  turpentine.  To 
planters  the  firm  makes  liberal  ad- 
vances on  consignments,  have  ac- 
counts wdth  many  of  the  principal 
growers  in  the  State,  and  count  on 
their  books,  the  names  of  the  largest 
buyers  in  the  market.  The  partners 
of  the  firm  are  both  natives  of  North 
Carolina,  and  during  their  career  in 
Charleston  have,  by  their  close  atten- 
tion to,  prompt  and  honorable  methods 
of  doing  business,  gained  many  friends 
in  mercantile  circles,  and  occupy  re- 
spected positions  in  social  life.  The 
junior  partner  was  formerly  with  F. 
W.  Wagener  & Co.  Parties  dealing 
with  this  young  and  rising  house,  will 
find  its  members  pleasant  and  correct 
merchants,  and  relations  with  them 
will  never  fail  to  be  profitable  and  per- 
manent. 

T.  J.  KENNEDY, 

Horse  Shoeing,  Wheelwright,  etc., 
No  114  Church  Street. 

Enterprise,  coupled  wfith  the  ever 
necessary  practical  knowledge  of  a 


City  of  Charleston. 


119 


business,  are  the  two  principle  requi- 
sites to  a rapid  growth  and  permanent 
success,  and  it  is  an  agreeable  task  to 
chronicle  the  history  of  an  establish- 
ment, like  that  of  Mr.  T.  J.  Kennedy, 
which,  starting  from  little,  under  the 


able  guidance  of  its  owner,  has  attain- 
ed its  important  dimensions.  Mr.  Ken- 
nedy commenced  business  in  ’76,  his 
employment  then  being  mostly  fixing 
stoves.  He  was  at  first  unaided,  but 
as  custom  came  in  he  gradually  took 
on  assistants,  till  now  he  has  constant- 
ly working  for  him  fifteen  skilled  and 
experienced  hands.  In  ’77,  he  bought 
the  ground  and  erected  these  premises, 
which  are  large  and  well  adapted  to 
the  requirements  of  business,  cover  a 
lot  50  feet  by  100.  On  one  side  is  the 
horse  shoeing  and  blacksmith’s  shop, 
and  on  the  other  side,  he  builds  carts, 
wagons,  drays,  etc.  In  this  latter  de- 
partment of  the  trade,  Mr.  Kennedy’s 
talent  has  gained  special  preeminence. 
Two  years  ago,  he  was  called  upon  to 
amend  the  then  prevailing  difficulties 
in  the  fire  department  of  this  city. 
Taking  it  in  hand,  he  completely  re- 
modelled it,  replacing  the  old-fashion- 
ed stock  with  the  latest  and  most  im- 
proved apparatus,  largely  of  his  own 
design,  till  to-day,  Charleston  has  a 
Fire  Department,  in  whose  equipment 
Chicago  itself  might  find  many  points 
worthy  of  adoption.  We  might  men- 
tion here  that  Mr.  Kennedy  served  for 
7 years,  from  ’62  till  ’69,  as  member  of 
the  Fire  Engine  service  in  this  city. 

His  trade  now  extends,  not  alone 
over  S.  C.,  but  from  the  neighboring 
States  of  Ga.,  Fla,  and  N.  C.,  and 
largely  along  the  sea  coast,  he  receives 
a large  and  increasing  number  of  cus- 


tomers, who  only  ask  from  him  the 
execution  of  their  orders,  in  the  effi- 
cient, prompt  and  practical  manner, 
he  has  always  been  known  to  supply 
their  wants. 

Apart  from  business  Mr.  Kennedy 
is  an  active  politician,  and  weighty 
member  of  the  Democratic  party  in 
this  city,  and  although  never  having- 
run  for  any  of  the  public  offices  in 
town,  wields  an  'influence,  draws  the 
strings  and  assists,  among  the  other 
popular  men  in  the  city,  in  controll- 
ing the  the  appointments  of  the  nomi- 
nees to  political  positions.  By  reason 
of  his  extensive  knowledge  of  political 
laws,  he  is  especially  fitted  to  the  po- 
sitions he  occupies,  as  president  of  the 
Third  Ward,  and  member  of  the 
Democratic  Executive  Committee, 
which  latter  position  lie  has  held  four 
years.  Fie  has  also,  for  11  years,  been 
connected  with  the  First  S.  C.  Rifles, 
“ The  Montgomery  Guards,”  and  has 
just  resigned  his  Lieutenancy,  which 
he  has  held  therein  for  the  last  six 
years. 

He  was  born  and  raised,  and  lias 
always  been  located  in  this  ward,  and 
has  been  identified  with  it,  socially, 
commercially,  and  politically,  and  re- 
spected and  esteemed  by  the  commu- 
nity for  fair  and  honorable  dealing, 
perhaps,  more  than  any  other  of  its 
inhabitants. 

F.  B.  KELLER  & CO., 

A HOLESALE  DEALERS  IN  TENNESSEE 

Produce,  Poultry,  Eggs,  Butter, 

Fruits,  Vegetables,  etc. 

The  enormous  and  ever-growing 
production  of  our  soil,  and  the  in- 
creasing number  and  value  of  our 
stock  of  live  animals,  has  called  into 
being  inventions  and  industries,  in  the 
carrying  out  of  which  American  tal- 
ent has  astonished  the  world,  and  it  is 
especially  in  cheap  and  easy  methods 
of  transporting  such  farm  produce 
that  the  genius  of  our  countrymen 
has  been  shown.  A firm  which  stands 
unique  and  pre-eminent  as  having  in- 


120 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


troduoed  a new  line  of  business  into  a 
community  of  Charleston’s  size,  is 
well  worthy  of  notice  in  a work  hav- 
ing for  its  object  the  city’s  industries 
The  house  was  established  six  years 
ago  under  the  name  of  Keller  & Hush- 
ing, and  in  ’82  the  present  firm  of  F. 
B.  Keller  & Co.  succeeded  them  and 
still  continues  on  an  increasing  scale 
the  supplying  of  farm  produce  to  this 
city  in  wholesale  quantities.  They 
handle  poultry,  eggs,  butter,  fruits, 


vegetables  fresh  from  the  fields  of 
Tennessee.  Their  poultry,  which  is 
the  largest  part  of  the  business,  is  sup- 
plied by  the  famous  East  Tennessee 
Poultry  Co.  of  Knoxville,  who  have 
gained  a national  reputation  for  supe- 
rior, healthy  and  well-fed  birds  sent 
out  from  their  extensive  yards. 
Messrs.  Keller  & Co.  consume  about 
fifty  car  loads  in  the  year  and  have 
a ready  sale  to  the  trade  in  this  city 
and  vicinity,  who  are  quick  to  take 
advantage  of  such  fine  stock  offered  at 
prices  so  advantageous  to  the  buyer.  We 
might  mention  that  their  animals  are 
transported  in  coops,  constructed  of 
wooden  bars,  and  ingeniously  pro- 
vided with  a trough  filled  with  grain 
from  which  the  birds  can  at  leisure 
feed  themselves.  The  premises  of  the 
firm  consist  of  a two-story  brick 
building,  spacious  and  well  ventilated. 
Their  stock,  at  ail  times  complete,  va- 
ried and  large,  is  being  constantly  re- 
plenished, thus  insuring  to  their  in- 
creasing circle  of  patrons  the  best  and 


choicest  breeds  reared  on  the  great 
farms  of  Tennessee.  The  business  in 
Charleston  calls  into  requisition  five 
experienced  hands,  and  their  trans- 
actions in  this  city  alone  amount  to 
over  $100,000  annually.  The  mem- 
bers of  this  house,  which  has  proved 
an  unspeakable  benefit  to  the  people 
of  Charleston,  in  providing  them  at 
such  prices  fowls  that,  to  many,  were 
never  known  to  exist,  are  F.  B.  and 
S.  S.  Keller.  The  former  is  resident 
in  Tennessee,  attending,  to  the  pro- 
curing of  stock,  while  the  latter 
gentleman  is,  most  of  the  time,  bus- 
ily engaged  on  the  road,  for  which 
his  abilities  as  a salesman  render  him 
most  suitable.  Mr.  S.  F.  Keller  man- 
ages the  business  of  the  firm  in 
Charleston,  and  is  known  to  the  com- 
munity as  a prompt  and  reliable  mer- 
chant. These  gentlemen  are  all  na- 
tives of  Savannah,  and  are  reckoned 
as  among  the  South’s  enterprising  and 
progressive  merchants  and  public- 
spirited  citizens. 

CARRIGAN  & SILCOX, 

Cotton  and  Naval  Stores  Factors, 
and  Commission  Merchants. 

The  inquiring  reporter  finds  many 
things  in  the  extensive  interests  of  the 
South,  which  excite  his  wonder  and 
speak  in  unmistakable  tones  of  the  im- 
portance of  this  city,  as  a trading  centre. 
Among  those  who  are  by  their  enter- 
prise entitled  to  prominent  mention, 
as  contributing  largely  to  the  import- 
ance of  the  commerce  of  Charleston, 
the  house  of  Carrigan  & Silcox  de- 
serves a position  in  the  first  rank. 
The  members  of  the  firm  are  among 
the  most  experienced  and  reliable  of 
the  merchants  of  the  State,  the  senior 
partner  having  been  engaged  in  the 
business  upwards  of  thirty -five  years, 
and  the  junior  has  been  over  twelve 
years  identified  with  it.  They  formed 
a partnership  in  February,  1881,  and 
have  already,  by  close  attention  to 
customers’  wants,  strict  economy,  hon- 
orable methods  of  doing  business,  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


121 


liberal  terms  to  patrons,  built  up  no 
inconsiderable  trade,  and  now  handle, 
besides  upwards  of  3,000  bales  of  cot- 
ton, some  7,000  barrels  spirits  of  tur- 
pentine and  25,000  of  rosin  in  the 
season.  The  business  necessitates 
the  employment  of  several  able  assist- 
ants, the  senior,  Mr.  Middleton,  having 
had  ten  years’  experience  in  handling 
cotton,  while  the  second,  Mr.  Aimar, 
gives  his  attention  to  the  naval  store 
department.  The  senior  member  of 
the  firm,  W.  A.  Carrigan,  is  a native 
of  North  Carolina,  and  mostly  attends 
to  the  affairs  of  the  house  in  the  coun- 
try, while  Mr.  F.  A.  Silcox,  his  part- 
ner, was  born  in  Charleston,  and  ably 
transacts  the  business  of  the  firm  in 
the  city.  These  gentlemen,  during 
their  residence  and  business  career 
among  the  people  of  this  State,  have 
socially  made  many  friends,  and  gained 
an  enviable  reputation  in  mercantile 
circles. 

JAMES  F.  REDDING, 

Auctioneer  and  Real  Estate 
Broker. 

59  Broad  Street. 


This  enterprise,  was  originated  in 
January,  1875,  and  since  that  time  the 
proprietor  has  conducted  an  extensive 
business  as  auctioneer,  real  estate 
agent,  collector,  and  notary  public ; 
and  is  considered,  one  of  the  best  and 
most  practical  in  this  branch  of  the 
9 


industries  of  Charleston.  In  the  real 
estate  agency  Mr.  Redding,  offers  spe- 
cial advantages  to  all  property  hold- 
ers, of  houses,  lands,  lots  for  sale,  or 
letting.  Mr.  Redding  has  recently  ex- 
tended his  enterprise,  by  entering  into 
the  insurance  business,  representing 
the  Norwich,  Union,  English,  and  the 
Glen  Falls  of  New  York,  and  is  very 
successful  in  effecting  insurance  in 
these  staunch  old  companies,  and  other 
well  known,  reliable  companies.  A 
large  business,  is  transacted  in  South 
Carolina,  Georgia  and  Florida.  Three 
clerks  are  actively  employed  in  attend- 
ing to  the  several  branches. 

Mr.  Redding  takes  cpiite  an  active 
interest  in  municipal  affairs,  and  was 
first  elected  alderman  in  1877,  holding 
the  office  for  two  years,  and  again  ree- 
lected, unopposed,  for  a four  years’  term, 
as  alderman  at  large  from  ward  one, 
in  December,  1883.  He  is  also  Captain 
of  the  Montgomery  Guards,  the  4th 
Brigade  of  S.  C.  Volunteers,  and  is 
President  of  St.  Joseph  Total  Absti- 
nence and  Benevolent  Societj7,  and 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Central 
Catholic  School. 

WM.  T.  MILLER, 

Sail  Maker. 

Among  the  several  sail  makers  car- 
rying on  business  in  this  city,  we  take 
pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of 
Wm.  T.  Miller,  whose  factory  is  lo- 
cated on  the  corner  of  Kerr’s  Wharf 
and  Cordes  street.  He  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  business  since  1843,  and 
is  well  known  for  the  finished,  strong 
and  good  work  he  turns  out.  He  em- 
ploys three  experienced  hands  in  the 
manufacturing  of  sails,  awnings,  tar- 
paulins, dray  covers,  etc.,  to  order  at 
short  notice  and  at  reasonable  prices. 
His  goods  give  entire  satisfaction  to 
customers,  and  the  number  of  his 
patrons  throughout  the  city,  (who 
know  that  hand  work  is  the  best  and, 
most  reliable,)  is  large  and  increasing 
and  his  services,  are  much  valued  in 
the  community.  Mr.  Miller  is  a na- 


122 


City  of  Charleston. 


five  of  Charleston,  and  in  the  war  did 
good  service  for  the  cause,  as  member 
of  a light  battery,  stationed  most  of 
the  time  in  Fort  Sumter,  where  he 
was  wounded.  Socially  he  is  an  es- 
teemed member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
having  filled  the  honorable  position 
of  a Master  Mason  and  High  Priest. 
All  letters  of  inquiry  relative  to  all 
branches  of  this  business,  together 
with  prices,  cheerfully  and  promptly 
attended  to. 

C.  F.  SCHWETTMANN, 
Pharmaceutist. 

This  old  land-mark  is  a familiar 
object  to  the  whole  community,  and  is 
the  oldest  store  in  Charleston,  having 
been  occupied  as  a drug  store  for  over 
100  years.  It  was  formerly  called 
“Apothecaries’ Hall.”  Mr.C.  F. Schwett- 
mann,  the  present  proprietor,  successor 
to  Mr.  W.  G.  Trott,  has  conducted  the 
business  since  ’71,  and  the  establish- 
ment has  attained  a high  reputation, 
under  the  management  of  the  able, 
efficient  proprietor,  which  places  it  in 
the  front  rank,  among  the  druggists  in 
this  section  in  the  country,  as  being 
one  of  the  most  reliable  houses  to  ob- 
tain pure,  fresh  drugs.  Mr.  Schwett- 
mann  is  an  expert,  conscientious 
pharmacist,  who  understands  the  mi- 
nutist  details  of  his  business,  and  can 
be  relied  upon  for  the  exact,  scientific 
compounding  of  prescriptions.  Accu- 
racy is  a great  point,  when  life  and 
death  depend  upon  it.  His  very  at- 
tractive store  is  pleasantly  located  on 
the  corner  King  and  Broad  sts.,  and  is 
15x40  feet  in  extent.  The  stock  of 
Drugs,  includes  everything  usually 
needed  in  a family,  consisting  in  part 
of  chemicals,  patent  medicines,  physi- 
cians supplies,  and  imported  French, 
German  and  English  perfumery,  and 
fancy  articles ; also,  toilet  soaps,  hand 
mirrors,  glasses,  etc.  Mr.  Schwettmann 
was  born  in  Rahden,  Prussia,  and 
came  to  this  country  in  1849,  and  du- 
ring his  business  experience,  has  met 
with  a genuine  success,  and  is  highly 


regarded  and  esteemed,  as  an  honora 
ble  member  of  the  useful  fraternity  to" 
which  he  belongs,  and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  popular,  influential  citizens 
of  the  city. 

He  is  also  a member  of  the  S.  C. 
Pharmacist  Association. 

F.  STEINKE, 

Baker  and  Confectioner. 

Prominent  among  those  who,  in  the 
line  of  their  business,  contribute  liber- 
ally toward  satisfying  the  creature 
comforts  of  the  citizens  of  Charleston, 
is  Mr.  F.  Steinke,  the  baker  and  con- 
fectioner, whose  establishments  are  lo- 
cated at  103  Market  street,  and  also 
No.  97  King  street.  These  stores  are 
neatly  and  conveniently  fitted  up,  and 
are  completely  stocked,  with  bread  of 
all  kinds,  tea  biscuits,  rolls,  buns,  plain 
and  fancy  cakes,  pastry,  &c.,  baked 
fresh  daily,  and  supplied  to  customers 
promptly.  His  trade  is  large,  extend- 
ing throughout  Charleston,  and  the 
surrounding  country,  requiring  the 
services  of  several  first-class  bakers, 
and  the  use  of  two  wagons  and  horses, 
to  serve  his  many  patrons.  Fine  con- 
fectionary is  also  in  stock,  guaranteed 
strictly  pure,  and  is  supplied  in  quan- 
tities to  suit,  either  wholesale  or  retail. 
This  house  was  established  by  its  en- 
terprising proprietor  in  1874,  and  has 
grown  to  be  one  of  the  most  important 
in  its  line  in  the  city.  Mr.  Steinke  is 
a native  of  Hanover,  came  to  this 
country  forty  years  since,  is  a practical 
baker,  takes  pride  in  his  calling,  and 
produces  some  of  the  finest  goods  in 
his  line  in  the  city.  A thoroughgoing 
business  man,  his  success  is  assured. 

JOHN  IIURKAMP  & CO., 
Family  Grocers. 

An  important  as  well  as  pronounced 
business  house  in  Charleston,  is  that 
under  the  name  of  John  Hurkamp  & 
Co.,  wholesale  and  retail  grocers,  lo- 
cated at  the  southeast  corner  of  Broad 
and  King  streets.  It  is  a well  known 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


123 


and  old  established  business,  having 
been  originated  by  Mr.  Hurkamp  in 
1837.  After  conducting  it  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  Mr.  Oskar  Aichel,  was 
admitted  as  a partner  in  1866,  and  in 
1872,  Mr.  W.  F.  Ostendorff  was  intro- 
duced into  the  concern.  In  the  same 
year,  1872,  the  founder  of  the  house, 
Mr.  Hurkamp,  died,  the  original  firm- 
name  being  however  retained.  These 
gentlemen,  are  thoroughly  proficient 
in  every  branch  of  their  business,  and 
have  achieved  a standard  reputation, 
for  the  excellence  of  their  goods,  which 
are  sold  at  the  very  lowest  market 
prices,  all  goods  coming  from 
their  store,  are  guaranteed  to  be  strict- 
ly as  represented.  The  store  is  spa- 
cious, being  35  feet  front  with  a depth 
of  200  feet,  and  contains  a first-class 
stock  of  all  kinds  of  choice  groceries, 
canned  goods,  best  quality  of  teas  and 
coffees — the  finest  brands  of  flour,  an 
excellent  assortment  of  sauces  and 
condiments,  also  smoked  meats,  salt 
fish — the  finest  quality  of  table  butter, 
etc.  The  firm  are  also  direct  import- 
ers of  wines,  from  the  most  famous 
vineyards  of  Spain,  Germany,  and 
France,  consisting  of  choicest  ports 
and  sherries,  red  and  white  Rhine 
wines,  rare  old  Bordeaux,  clarets,  etc. ; 
also  finest  brands  of  Irish  and  Scotch 
whiskies,  etc.,  for  medicinal,  as  well  as 
table  uses.  Six  skilled,  courteous 
clerks  are  employed,  who  are  diligent, 
and  earnest  in  their  endeavors  to 
please  the  patrons  of  the  house. 

Mr.  Aichel  was  born  in  Hanover, 
but  has  resided  in  this  country  many 
years,  and  during  his  business  career 
has  met  with  an  assured  success.  He 
has  also  given  some  attention  to  mu- 
nicipal affairs,  having  just  concluded 
his  term  as  alderman  of  the  second 
ward,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  his 
fellow-citizens.  Mr.  Ostendortf,  is  a 
native  of  the  State,  and  is  therefore 
well  known,  and  is  highly  regarded. 

This  firm,  are  fully  entitled  to  the 
high  estimation  in  which  the}'-  are 
held  in  Charleston,  and  have  gained  a 
substantial  reputation  as  honorable, 


reliable  merchants,  and  esteemed  citi- 
zens. 

T.  CAMPBELL, 

Dealer  in  Stoves,  Mantels,  Grates, 
etc. 

The  production  of  artificial  heat  by 
means  of  stoves  and  grates,  and  the 
improvements  in  cooking  apparatus, 
have  occupied  the  attention  of  Ameri- 
can manufacturers,  to  a greater  extent 
than  those  of  any  other  country  in 
the  world,  and,  as  a result,  the  per- 
fect inventions  in  general  use  in  this 
country,  are  of  a very  superior  charac- 
ter. 

No  better  illustration  of  the  truth 
of  this  statement  can  be  found,  than 
by  an  inspection  of  the  stock  of 
ranges,  parlor  stoves  and  grates  shown 
by  Mr.  T.  Campbell  in  his  store,  lo- 
cated at  142  Meeting  street,  in  this 
city.  The  premises  occupied,  consist 
of  a large  three-story  brick  building- 
23  feet  by  100,  the  whole  of  the  estab- 
lishment being  stored  with  goods,  of- 
fered at  wholesale  or  retail  at  most 
advantageous  prices  to  the  purchaser. 
The  stock,  which  has  a representative 
value  of  $8,000  to  $10,000,  besides  a 
full  and  complete  line  of  stoves  and 
grates  of  all  patterns  and  sizes,  con- 
sists of  a large  selection  of  beautifully 
designed  slate,  iron  and  marble  man- 
tels, ornaments  to  any  office,  parlor  or 
drawing  room ; also,  a multifarious  as- 
sortment of  iron  and  lead-piping, 
sheet  iron  and  zinc,  force  and  lift 
pumps,  and  all  articles  necessary  for 
the  tinware  manufacturing,  gas -fit- 
ting, plumbing  and  metal  roofing- 
trades. 

The  custom  of  the  house  is  large 
and  increasing,  and  extends  all  over 
Charleston,  and  throughout  the  State. 
In  the  business  are  engaged  ten 
skilled  and  competent  employees. 

The  house  was  founded  by  its  pres- 
ent owner  in  1866,  with  a host  of 
others  in  the  same  line,  and  has  out- 
run them  all.  From  its  inception,  it  has 
enjoyed  an  increasing  patronage,  and 


124  City  of 

is  now  doing  the  largest  business  in 
the  State. 

Mr.  Campbell  is  a native  of  New- 
burg,  New  York  State,  and  came 
South  in  1856,  since  when  he  has 
held  a high  place  in  the  community, 
for  his  straight-forward  and  energetic 
manner  of  doing  business,  and  for  his 
qualities  as  a social  gentleman. 

E.  WELLING, 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  Yel- 
low Pine  Lumber,  Dressed  Tongue 
and  Groove  Boards,  Laths,  Pal- 
ings, Shingles,  &c.  ; also  Brick 
Manufacturer. 

The  high  standing  and  character  of 
the  wholesale  lumber  dealers  and  man- 
ufacturers of  Charleston,  renders  this  in- 
dustry, a noticeable  feature  of  the  com- 
mercial activity,  which  pervades  the 
community.  A well  known  house  en- 
gaged in  this  line,  is  that  of  Mr.  E.  Well- 
ing, whose  premises  are  conveniently  lo- 
cated, at  the  east  end  of  Columbus  street ; 
they  cover  some  two  acres  of  ground, 
besides  which  two  other  adjoining 
acres  belong  to  the  firm.  The  planing 
mill,  is  a spacious  building,  provided 
with  the  best  machinery,  driven  by  a 
forty  horse  engine,  and  here  the  ser- 
vices of  six  skilled  workmen,  are  re- 
quired, while  the  quantity  of  lumber 
cut  up  yearly,  will  amount  to  one  and 
a half  million  feet.  The  business 
was  founded  twelve  years  ago  by 
Mr.  E.  Welling,  and  it  now  ranks 
among  the  leading  enterprises  of  the 
city.  From  the  mill,  is  turned  out 
dressed  tongue  and  groove  boards, 
laths,  palings,  shingles,  etc.,  in  fact 
everything  belonging  to  the  wood 
work  of  a house,  and  from  the  large 
stock,  intending  purchasers,  will  not 
fail  to  find  something  satisfactory.  Mr. 
Welling,  also  deals  largely  in  yellow 
pine  lumber,  and  in  the  country  has 
extensive  forest  lands,  where  he  em- 
ploys over  thirty  men.  His  facilities 
for  obtaining  supplies,  are  therefore 
first-class,  and  orders  submitted  to  him 
are  promptly  and  correctly  filled.  So 


Charleston. 

easily  can  Mr.  Welling  dispose  of  his 
goods,  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  him 
to  go  beyond  the  city,  to  seek  a market. 
In  every  respect  the  house,  possesses 
equal  facilities  to  those  of  any  of  its 
contemporaries,  and  is  in  a position  to 
make  prices  and  terms  as  advantage- 
ous to  purchasers,  as  any  kindred 
concern  in  the  State.  Mr.  Welling  is 
native  of  Charleston,  where  he  is  favor- 
ably known  as  a man  of  business,  and 
a social  gentleman.  He  is  also  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Sanders,  Welling  & 
Co.,  brick  manufacturers,  and  attends 
to  the  handling  of  bricks  at  his  office. 

SANDERS,  WELLING  & CO., 
Brick  Manufacturers  by  Steam. 

In  looking  to  the  future  of  a city, 
the  favorable  location  for  building 
sites,  and  the  cost  and  character  of 
building  materials,  are  matters  of  the 
first  importance.  In  respect  to  the 
latter,  Charleston  is  favored  with  an 
enterprising  and  progressive  firm,  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  bricks, — 
that  of  Sanders,  Welling  & Co.  The 
house  was  established  in  1880,  and 
during  its  existence,  has  gained  a 
large  and  growing  patronage,  and  al- 
ready stands  as  one  of  the  most  bene- 
ficial ventures  that  Carolina  has.  The 
yard  is  located  on  Cooper  River,  in 
this  State,  and  covers  some  six  and  a 
half  acres  of  ground,  including  the 
clay  beds  from  which  a superior  kind 
of  material  is  procured.  The  bricks 
manufactured  are  gray  color,  com- 
pact, well-shaped,  strong  and  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  of  them  there  are 
turned  out  over  2,000,000  in  the  year. 
The  kilns  are  built  on  the  latest  im- 
proved plans,  are  heated  with  wood 
procured  from  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, where  the  firm  owns  some  2,000 
acres  of  fine  lands.  The  machinery 
is  also  of  the  latest  type,  and  for 
shaping  purposes  they  use  the  Martin 
machine.  The  yard  has  the  best  facilities 
for  receiving  fuel  and  shipping  bricks 
to  Charleston,  where  they  are  largely 
consumed.  The  business  calls  into 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


125 


requisition,  thirty  skilled  and  experi- 
enced hands. 

The  members  of  the  firm,  Samuel 
Sanders,  E.  Welling  and  W.  R.  R. 
Welling,  are  all  natives  of  Charleston. 
Mr.  Sanders  is  widely  known  as  a 
public-spirited  citizen  and  practical 
man  of  business.  Mr.  E.  Welling  is 
the  owner  of  the  well  known  planing 
mill  in  this  city,  and  his  son  W.  R.  R. 
is  an  earnest  worker,  and  an  acquisi- 
tion to  the  mercantile  and  social  com- 
munity. 

T.  M.  BRISTOL  & SON, 

Dealers  in  Fine  Boots  and  Shoes. 
Sign  Big  Boot. 


The  use  of  boots  and  shoes  as  cloth- 
ing for  the  feet,  is  one  result  of  an  ad- 
vanced civilization.  In  the  different 
industries  of  Charleston,  the  boot  and 
shoe  business,  must  be  considered  one 
of  the  most  significant  branches  in 
making  up  a report  of  the  enterprises 
of  the  city,  and  in  this  connection  the 
firm  of  T.  M.  Bristol  & Son  may  well 
lay  claim,  to  being  the  leading  house 
in  the  trade,  both  on  account  of  the 
extent  of  its  transactions,  its  age,  and 
the  enterprise  with  which  it  is  con- 
ducted. 

The  facilities  for  the  successful  ope- 
ration, possessed  by  this  house,  are  of 
the  most  ample  character.  The  prem- 


ises occupied,  are  centrally  located,  at 
250  King  street,  are  25  feet  by  150  in 
dimensions,  are  filled  with  a stock 
which,  for  variety  and  completeness, 
is  equalled  by  few  and  surpassed  by 
no  contemporary  in  the  State.  Goods 
are  procured  direct  from  the  manufac- 
turer, and  while  all  prevailing  styles 
are  found  here  in  great  quantities,  the 
latest  novelties  in  fine  boots,  shoes  and 
slippers  for  ladies,  gents  and  children’s 
wear,  are  obtained  as  soon  as  issued 
by  the  makers. 

Five  attentive  and  obliging  assist- 
ants are  employed,  and  everything 
connected  with  the  house  has  made  it 
a favorite  one  with  customers. 

The  business  was  founded  in  1832, 
as  Smith  & Co.,  Mr.  Bristol  afterwards 
becoming  a partner,  as  Smith  & Bris- 
tol, then  Bristol  & Bowler,  which  firm 
dissolving,  Mr.  T.  M.  Bristol  carried 
on  business  alone  for  a few  months, 
and  was  joined  by  Mr.  Bridgeman, 
under  the  style  of  T.  M.  Bristol  & Co. 
After  the  war  the  same  name  was  con- 
tinued, Messrs.  C.  T.  Dunham  and  A. 
S.  Brown  being  his  partners ; this  co- 
partnership dissolved  in  1876,  and  Mr. 
Bristol  continued  alone  till  1883,  when 
he  was  joined  by  his  son,  a native  of 
the  city,  and  one  of  Charleston’s  young 
and  energetic  merchants.  Mr.  T.  M. 
Bristol,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm, 
was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  came 
South  when  a boy,  and  during  his 
long  business  career  has  gained  many 
friends.  The  liberal  policy  upon  which 
this  house  has  always  been  conducted, 
upon  the  one  price  system,  the  ampli- 
tude of  its  facilities,  and  the  nice  dis- 
crimination, as  to  the  requirements  of 
customers,  exercised  by  its  enter- 
prising proprietors,  rank  it  among  the 
first  of  its  contemporaries,  and  com- 
mand the  respect  of  the  trade,  and  the 
snpport  of  the  community  at  large. 

GOODING  & READ, 

Livery  Sale  and  Exchange  Stables 

622,  624  and  626  King  Street. 

Among  the  establishments  in  this 
section  of  the  city,  which  has  grown 


126 


City  of  Charleston. 


to  be  the  central  mart,  for  the  sale  of 
horses,  that  of  Messrs.  Gooding  & 
Read  holds  a prominent  position.  The 
business  was  established  two  years 
ago,  under  the  name  of  Gooding,  Mull 
& Co.  In  the  fall  of  this  year  that 
firm  dissolved,  Mr.  Read  becoming 
the  partner  of  Mr.  Gooding,  the  firm 
taking  its  present  name.  The  build- 
ings they  occupy  are  substantial  ones. 
The  stable  proper  is  neatly  and  clean- 
ly kept,  well  ventilated  and  is  ad- 
mirably fitted  up  with  a full 
view  to  the  comfort  of  the  horses; 
its  dimensions  are  40  feet  by  200. 
Besides  this  there  are  large  and  com- 
fortable sheds  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  mules,  of  which  there 
are  generally  ten  or  twelve  on 
hand.  Of  horses  the  firm,  has  con- 
stantly in  stock  a supply  never  aver- 
aging less  than  sixty  of  all  kinds,  fine 
trotters,  thoroughbred  ladies’  and 
gents’  riding  horses,  good  wagon  and 
powerful  dray  horses,  etc.,  all  alike 
testifying  to  the  superior  quality  of 
the  stock.  In  the  livery  department,  is 
a full  supply  of  fashionable  bug- 
gies. Connected  with  the  establish- 
ment, are  eight  obliging  and  experi- 
enced assistants.  The  patronage  of  the 
house,  is  deservedly  large  and  extends 
throughout  South  Carolina,  and  the 
neighboring  States  of  Georgia  and 
Florida.  The  members  of  the  firm, 
R.  C.  Gooding  and  G.  W.  Read,  are 
both  natives  of  Kentucky,  a State 
famed  the  world  wide  for  its  breed 
of  horses.  The  former  gentleman, 
served  in  Price’s  Missouri  Caval- 
ry, in  the  late  war,  and  has  been 
since  engaged  in  his  present  line  of 
business.  Mr.  Read,  who  has  had  over 
eight  years  experience  in  horse  deal- 
ing in  his  native  State,  came  to  South 
Carolina  this  fall,  and  has  already 
gained  the  confidence  of  the  commu- 
nity. Both  these  excellent  gentlemen, 
are  influential  members  of  the 
Knights  of  Honor,  and  hold  import- 
ant places  in  Charleston  Lodge  1 104, 
and  in  Glasgow  Lodge  No.  263,  re- 
spectively. 


F.  G.  REPIKOPF  & SONS, 

Undertakers  and  Furniture  Deal- 
ers, 535  King  Street. 

The  city  of  Charleston,  does  not  lack 
facilities  for  procuring  furniture  and 
house  furnishing  goods,  as  well  as  un- 
dertakers’ supplies,  and  we  note  a 
number  of  such  establishments  ope- 
rated by  enterprising  merchants,  who 
successfully  conduct  them,  and  carry 
on  a large  trade.  Among  such  the 
house  of  F.  G.  Rehkopf  & Sons  occu- 
pies a prominent  position.  It  was  es- 
tablished in  1850,  by  Mr.  F.  G.  Reh- 
kopf, who,  on  February  1st,  1883,  took 
into  partnership  with  him,  his  two 
sons,  W.  G.  and  F.  G.,  Jr.,  since  when 
the  firm  has  been  successfully  carried 
oh  under  its  present  name,  proving  a 
great  advantage  to  the  public  and  com- 
munity of  Charleston.  The  firm,  oc- 
cupies a commodious  store,  30  feet  in 
front  by  60  deep,  two  stories  high,  all 
of  which  is  used  for  the  display  of  the 
immense  stock  and  other  business  pur- 
poses. Adjoining  in  the  rear  is  the 
undertaker’s  warehouse,  30x50  feet  in 
dimensions,  devoted  exclusively  to  the 
undertaking  department  of  their  busi- 
ness, they  keep  every  thing  required 
for  a funeral,  the  details  of  which  they 
personally  attend  to  when  required, 
furnishing  coffins  and  caskets  of  every 
kind,  also  horses  and  carriages,  and 
are  always  prompt  in  the  management 
of  affairs.  In  the  furniture  line  their 
wares  embrace  goods  of  all  kinds.  B}r 
truthful  statements  to  patrons,  judi- 
cious purchases,  and  the  faithful  per- 
formance of  all  promises,  this  firm  has 
gained  a reputation  for  fair-dealing, 
that  is  as  highly  creditable  as  it  is  well 
merited.  Customers  appreciate  the 
advantages  of  such  an  establishment, 
and  consequently  the  trade  of  the 
house  is  annually  increasing.  The 
business  necessitates  the  employment 
of  three  competent  and  experienced 
hands. 

Mr.  Rehkopf  is  a native  of  Ham- 
burg, came  to  the  United  States  in 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


127 


1849,  and  during  his  long  residence  in 
Charleston,  has  gained  a high  standing 
as  a merchant  and  citizen.  He  is  an 
influential  member  of  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  His  sons,  W. 
G.  and  F.  G.  J r. , were  born  in  Charleston, 
and  therefore  well  known  to  her  citi- 
zens, as  enterprising  and  able  business 
men  and  valued  members  of  the  social 
circle. 

FRED.  J.  SMITH, 
Architect  and  Engineer. 

Among  those  in  our  State,  who  have 
gained  distinction  as  civil  engineers 
and  architects,  we  note  the  name  of 
Fred  J.  Smith.  Mr.  Smith  was  born 
in  Lancashire,  England,  in  1832,  and 
served  afive  years’ apprenticeship  with 
the  well-known  machinists,  Sharp, 
Steward  & Co.,  of  Manchester.  Fie 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and 
continued  his  profession  in  the  office 
of  R.  M.  Hunt,  New  York  city,  till  the 
outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  when  he 
came  South  and  joined  the  Marion 
Artillery,  famed  for  its  gallant  services 
in  the  cause  of  the  Confederate  govern- 
ment, serving  with  them  in  S.  C., 
and  in  N.  C.  At  the  close  of  hostilities, 
he  found  himself  compelled  to  adopt 
some  business  for  support,  and  there- 
fore established  himself  in  that  line 
for  which  his  training  especially  fit- 
ted him — as  architect  and  engineer 
in  Charleston.  He  has  since  followed 
that  profession ; and  as  a skilled  en- 
gineer, architect  and  land  surveyor, 
by  close  attention  to  his  affairs  and 
correctness  of  details,  has  won  a well- 
merited  success,  and  is  known  to  his 
many  patrons  throughout  the  State  of 
South  Carolina,  as  a conscientious  and 
efficient  workman,  who  has  a thor- 
ough knowledge  of  all  those  princi- 
ples that  should  prevail  in  the  con- 
struction of  a building,  to  give  it 
beauty,  symmetry  of  proportion,  art- 
istic design  in  the  division,  and  shape 
of  the  rooms,  in  the  choice  of  mate- 
rial and  the  ornamentation,  style  and 
finish  of  the  same.  Among  the  many 


attractions  he  has  planned,  we  might 
mention  the  Charleston  Court  House, 
which  stands  prominently,  as  one  of 
the  ornaments  of  the  Palmetto  City. 

LEE  & DeSAUSSURE, 
Insurance  Agents  and  Adjusters- 

In  a review  of  the  mercantile  inter- 
ests of  a city,  closely  allied  with  her 
commercial  activity,  and  playing  an 
important  part  therein,  the  business 
of  insurance,  is  worthy  of  special 
mention.  Among  the  principal  firms 
representing  many  of  the  oldest 
companies  of  the  world,  Messrs.  Lee 
& DeSaussure  hold  a prominent  place. 
The  house  was  established  in  1867  by 
Hutson  Lee,  who  carried  on  business 
successfully  alone,  till  he,  on  Sept.  1 , 
1882,  formed  a copartnership  with  Mr. 
Wilmot  G.  DeSaussure,  Jr.,  who  had, 
likewise,  conducted  for  himself  a flour- 
ishing trade  since  1872.  The  firm 
represents  the  Phoenix  and  the  Sun  of 
London,  the  Home  and  the  Glen’s 
Falls  of  New  York,  the  Providence 
Washington  of  Rhode  Island,  and  the 
Georgia  Home  of  Columbus,  all 
staunch  and  reliable  companies,  the 
assets  of  the  whole  amounting  to  over 
$25,000,000.  Mr.  Lee,  is  also  general 
agent  for  N.  and  S.  C.,  Ga.,  Ala.  and 
La.,  for  the  Lancashire  Insurance 
Company,  one  of  the  soundest  and 
best  known  in  the  world.  Mr.  DeSaus- 
sure is  likewise  agent  for  S.  C.  and 
Georgia  of  the  popular  Providence 
Washington  Ins.  Comp.  The  insur- 
ance business  of  these  gentlemen,  is 
large  and  increasing,  as  well  as  in  the 
line  of  adjusting  risks,  for  which  their 
detailed  experience  renders  them  most 
fit.  They  effect  insurance  on  all  kinds 
of  city  and  country  property,  includ- 
ing gin  risks,  at  lowest  rates.  Their 
office  is  centrally  located,  at  20  Broad 
street.  By  the  careful  and  prompt 
manner  in  which  the  affairs  of  this 
firm  are  conducted,  the  house  has 
kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  business 
in  the  country,  till  now  its  operations 
are  widely  extended,  and  its  reputation 


128 


City  of  Charleston. 


firmly  established.  They  pay  all 
losses  promptly  and  without  unneces- 
sary litigation,  always  discharging  the 
important  trusts  committed  to  them, 
with  fidelity,  and  to  the  complete  satis- 
faction of  patrons. 

Mr.  Lee,  during  his  long  residence 
in  Charleston,  has  gained  many 
friends  in  mercantile  and  social  cir- 
cles, holds  several  offices,  and  takes  a 
leading  part  in  church  institutions. 
From  1851  to  1854  he  attended  the 
S.  C.  College,  and  in  the  late  war  ben- 
eficially served  his  country’s  cause,  as 
Chief  Quartermaster  in  the  Southern 
Department.  The  junior  partner, 
Mr.  DeSaussure,  is  also  a native  of 
Charleston,  and  is  favorably  known  as 
a business  man  and  gentleman.  He 
performs  his  duties  as  Secretary  of  the 
Home  Insurance  Co.  of  Charleston,  to 
the  satisfaction  of  all. 

A.  C.  F.  GOTJEN, 

Dealer  in  Groceries,  Wines,  etc. 

Among  the  representative  mercan- 
tile houses,  in  the  central  thoroughfare 
of  the  city,  we  take  pleasure  in  men- 
tioning the  name  of  Mr.  A.  C.  F.  Got- 
jen,  dealer  in  choice  groceries,  wines, 
etc.  The  store  is  centrally  located,  at 
the  corner  of  King  and  Clifford  streets, 
has  a frontage  of  25  and  depth  of  75 
feet.  The  stock  carried,  is  large  and 
well  selected,  including  choice  teas, 
fragrant  coffees,  best  East  Indian 
spices,  sugars  and  syrups  of  standard 
grades,  butter  and  cheese  fresh  from 
the  factory,  canned  goods,  vegetables, 
table  delicacies,  etc. ; also  a full  supply 
of  foreign  and  domestic  wines,  from  the 
most  famous  vineyards,  the  best  brands 
of  Irish  and  Kentucky  whiskeys  and 
F rench  brandies ; and  in  fact  every- 
thing which  goes  to  equip  a first-class 
grocery  store.  There  are  employed  in 
the  business  two  competent  and  oblig- 
ing assistants.  The  business  was  es- 
tablished in  1869  by  the  present  pro- 
prietor, and  since  its  inception  has 
enjoyed  an  increasing  patronage  from 
the  families  throughout  the  city. 


Mr.  Gotjen  is  a native  of  Hanover, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  some 
years  before  the  war,  and  has  always 
been  esteemed  as  a merchant  and  citi- 
zen. In  the  late  war,  he  took  an  active 
and  efficient  part  as  a member  of  the 
German  Artillery. 

DeSAUSSURE  & SON, 

The  DeSaussure  family,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  South.  Their  ancestors, 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Guises, 
were  driven  from  Loraine  to  Switzer- 
land, and  in  the  seventeenth  century 
came  to  South  Carolina.  The  senior 
member  of  the  present  firm,  graduated 
at  the  College  of  South  Carolina,  stu- 
died law  with  his  father,  Mr.  Henry 
A.  DeSaussure,  a well  known  and 
eminent  lawyer,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1843,  and  subsequently, 
was  associated  with  him  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  ulti- 
mately succeeded  to  the  business  of 
that  firm.  This  is  the  oldest  law 
house  in  this  city,  having  descended 
from  father  to  son,  for  about  a century, 
each  generation  occupying  prominent 
positions  in  the  first  rank  of  the  lead- 
ing lawyers  of  their  day.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1860,  Wilmot  G.  DeSaussure,  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Artillery,  took 
possession  of  Fort  Moultrie,  when  it 
was  evacuated  by  Major  Anderson, 
and  subsequently  was  in  command  of 
the  artillery  battalion  on  Morris  Isl- 
land,  when  Fort  Sumter  was  bom- 
barded and  surrendered  in,  April,  1861, 
and  afterwards  was  Adjutant-General 
of  State  troops.  He  is  a gentleman  of 
fine  natural  gifts,  high  scholastic  and 
professional  attainments,  is  courteous, 
and  a careful,  painstaking  and  con- 
scientious counsellor,  and  has  attracted 
to  his  firm  a large  and  lucrative  prac- 
tice. Mr.  Henry  A.  DeSaussure,  son 
of  the  senior  partner,  is  a native  of 
Charleston,  graduated  at  Charleston 
College,  read  law  in  the  office  of  his 
father,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1872.  The  firm  conduct  a general 
civil  practice,  in  all  the  State  Courts, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


129 


as  also  the  United  States;  have  en- 
trusted to  them  some  of  the  largest 
and  most  important  cases  arising  in 
the  State.  The  senior  partner,  with 
Hon.  LeRov  F.  Youmans,  Attorney- 
General  of  South  Carolina,  conducted 
the  litigation  for  three  or  four  years, 
before  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  at  Washington,  in  behalf  of  the 
State,  in  connection  with  the  bills  of 
the  Bank  of  the  State  of  South  Caro- 
lina, bringing  the  same  to  a successful 
termination.  The  young  man  is  able, 
gifted  and  industrious ; has  an  ambi- 
tion to  achieve  and  to  merit  a position 
of  prominence,  in  this  honorable  pro- 
fession, and  has  a brilliant  future  be- 
fore him  in  the  legal  arena. 

JOSEPH  COHEN  & SON, 
Steamship  and  Ship  Brokers. 


A popular  house  in  Charleston,  the 
business  of  which  is  connected  with 
the  commerce  of  this  port,  the  finest 
on  the  Atlantic  sea  board,  is  that  of 
Joseph  Cohen  & Son,  steamship  and 
ship  brokers,  whose  office  is  located  at 
2 Middle  Atlantic  Wharf.  This  house 
was  established  by  Jacob  Cohen  in 
1S44,  succeeded  by  J.  Cohen  & Son  in 
1855,  and  later  by  Cohen,  Hanckel  & 
Co.,  which  firm  gave  place  to  Joseph 
Cohen,  who  continued  business  alone 
till  two  years  ago,  when  he  was  joined 
~by  his  son,  Oct.  C.  Cohen.  The  firm, 
since  its  inception,  has  done  a flour- 
ishing business  in  chartering  vessels 


sailing  to  and  from  this  port,'  and  is 
to-day  doing  as  large  a business  in 
this  line,  as  any  house  of  its  kind  in 
this  city.  They  also  are  heavy  export- 
ers of  cotton  and  naval  stores,  hand- 
ling from  45,000  to  50,000  bales  an- 
nually, and  many  thousands  of  barrels 
of  rosin  and  spirits  of  turpentine,  and 
in  exporting  lumber  for  ship-building 
purposes,  and  also  treenails,  and  also 
large  importers  of  Sicilian  sulphur. 
They  are  passenger  agents,  for  the  In- 
man, Allan,  Hamburg,  Rotterdam,  Red 
Star,  Fabre,  and  Florio  Rubattino 
Lines,  and  in  their  extensive  transac- 
tions use,  in  telegraphing,  the  Scott’s 
Code,  1880  ; Watkin’s  Code,  1881,  and 
their  own  private  Code  of  1882,  their 
cable  address  being  “ Cohenson, 
Charleston.”  The  senior  member  of 
the  firm,  is  too  well  known  to  the  com- 
mercial community  to  need  any  ex- 
tended mention  at  our  hands  ; during 
his  long  business  life  his  name  has 
been  a synonym  of  commercial  honor, 
and  the  junior  member  is  favorably 
received  in  mercantile  circles. 

Mr.  GEO.  W.  WILLIAMS, 
Banker,  etc 

A close  student  of  character,  one 
cognizant  of  the  springs  and  motives 
of  action,  a philosopher,  a clear,  lucid 
and  forcible  writer,  and  a good  man 
says : “ He  who  is  so  conscious  of  the 

rectitude  of  his  intentions,  as  to  be 
willing  to  open  his  bosom  to  the  in- 
spection of'  the  world,  is  in  possession 
of  one  of  the  strongest  pillars  of  a de- 
cided character.”  Real,  substantial, 
and  permanent  success,  is  only  obtain- 
able by  those  who,  in  the  conduct  of 
their  lives,  through  all  the  transac- 
tions, and  all  the  vicissitudes  and 
changes,  that  all  men  experience,  are 
guided,  and  governed  in  their  deal- 
ings and  intercourse  with  others,  by 
strict  unfaltering  integrity,  by  a high 
moral  sense  of  right.  Endowed  with 
fine  natural  gifts.  Born  of,  and  reared 
by  exemplary  parents,  taught  by 
precept,  and  by  example,  in  those 


130 


City  of  Charleston. 


habits  of  thrift,  industry,  and  econo- 
my, that  have  characterized  the  life 
history  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  an 
unbroken  series  of  successes  in  all  the 
many  and  various  ventures,  in  which 
he  ever  embarked,  has  crowned  his 
every  effort.  They  who  stand  promi- 
nent among  the  representative  men  in 
the  city,  and  throughout  the  State  in 
which  they  reside,  owe  their  proud 
positions,  not  so  much  to  the  adven- 
titious circumstances  of  birth,  as  to 
the  possession  and  cultivation  of  such 


qualities  and  traits  of  character,  as  en- 
sure respect  and  success.  Endowed 
with  strong  will  power,  great  tenacity 
of  purpose,  quick  in  perception,  fertile 
in  resources,  active,  energetic,  with  a 
tough,  wiery,  rather  than  a robust 
frame,  a vigorous  constitution,  enjoy- 
ing uniformly  excellent  health,  inured 
from  youth  up,  to  close  and  assiduous 
application,  to  some  useful  and  honor- 
able labor  or  avocation,  calling  into 
requisition  both  his  mental  and  phys- 
ical energies,  as  lie  grew  in  years,  he 


Residence  of  President  Williams.  (See  also  back  cover.) 


grew  in  manly  vigor,  in  wealth,  and 
in  usefulness.  There  is  no  citizen  of 
Charleston,  or  indeed  of  the  South 
a brief  sketch  of  whose  career, 
will  be  more  beneficial  and  profitable 
to  the  young  men  of  these  times,  than 
that  of  Mr.  George  W.  Williams.  No- 
where in  the  domains  of  South  Caro- 
lina, can  there  be  found  among  its 
citizens,  outside  of  the  pulpit,  one  who 
by  his  teachings,  his  active  benevo- 
lence, and  his  noble  example,  and  by 
the  introduction  of  wise  and  benefi- 


cent measures,  by  his  sagacious  coun- 
sel, and  b}r  the  foundation  of  a finan- 
cial institution  for  the  encouragement 
of  thrift,  by  building,  and  founding 
houses,  and  establishing  different  kinds 
of  business,  encouraging  commercial 
enterprises,  and  affording  remunerative 
employment  to  labor,  has  done  more 
good,  has  been  of  more  ajipreciable 
benefit  to  the  city,  and  State  of  his 
adoption,  than  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Mr.  George  W.  Williams,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina,  on  the  19tli 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


131 


day  of  December,  1820.  He  lived  till 
nearly  eighteen  years  of  age  under  the 
parental  roof,  pursuing  the  avocations, 
and  performing  the  routine  and  daily 
duties,  usual  for  the  son  of  a well  to 
do  and  thrifty  farmer,  who  was  in- 
debted for  his  worldly  possessions,  to 
his  own  unaided  efforts,  to  his  vigor- 
ous constitution,  to  his  independent 
self-reliant  dispostion,  to  his  spirit  of 
enterprise,  and  adventure,  to  his  hab- 
its of  strict  temperance  in  all  things, 
to  his  sound  judgment,  and  to  that 
trinity  of  factors  inseparable  from,  and 
indispensable  to,  success  in  life,  indus- 
try, energy,  and  perseverance.  These 
traits  of  character,  these  modes  of  life, 
these  principles  of  action,  this  course 
of  conduct,  was  instilled  by  admoni- 
tion, by  precept,  and  by  the  example 
of  his  most  exemplary  parents,  into 
the  mind,  and  so  moulded  the  charac- 
ter, of  young  Williams,  that  it  was 
just  as  impossible  for  him,  not  to  have 
been  guided  and  controlled  by  them, 
in  all  the  transactions  of  life,  as  it 
would  be  for  a man  who  puts  his  trust 
in  riches,  to  enter  the  kingdom  of 
heaven.  There  had  been  growing  in 
his  mind,  aspirations  for  other  pur- 
suits, than  that  in  which  he  had  hith- 
erto been  engrossed,  he  longed  for 
more  enlarged,  wider  and  more  active 
and  exciting  fields  of  labor,  than  that 
of  farming.  Some  little  unpleasant- 
ness having  arisen  between  himself, 
and  Ixis  father,  with  reference  to 
domestic  affairs,  (whether  or  not  it  had 
the  effect  of  hastening  young  Wil- 
liams’ departure,)  did,  owing  to  his 
unyielding,  and  independent  spirit, 
(notwithstanding  liis  father  was  pos- 
sessed of  horses  and  buggy),  cause  him, 
on  his  departure  from  the  paternal 
roof,  to  his  future  fields  of  employ- 
ment, to  his  changed  life  avocations, 
to  undertake  the  journey  to  his  in- 
tended destination,  Augusta,  Georgia, 
a distance  of  150  miles  on  foot,  where, 
on  arriving  in  October,  1838,  he  had 
left  of  the  little  money-  he  had  by  his 
industry  saved  up,  the  sum  of  ten  dol- 
lars, nothing  daunted  by  this  slim  ex- 


chequer, “a  stranger  in  a strange 
land,”  he  set  to  work  and  succeeded 
in  procuring  in  a short  time  a situa- 
tion, with  a Mr.  Hand  and  part- 
ner in  a wholesale  grocery  at  a 
salary  of  fifty  dollars  per  annum 
and  board,  which  was  shortly  there- 
after increased  to  one  thousand 
dollars.  That  rare  business  tact  and 
sagacity,  rapidly  developing  itself, 
which  has  since  secured  to  him  such 
unparalleled  pecuniary  success,  and 
such  great  pre-eminence,  such  an  illus- 
trious name,  among  the  most  noted 
mercantile  and  commercial  men,  and 
the  famous  bankers  of  the  South,  he  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  bought  out  the 
interest  of  Mr.  Scranton,  in  the  house 
of  Hand  & Scranton,  and  the  firm  was 
changed  to  that  of  Hand  & Williams. 

“ As  soon  as  George  W.  Williams 
“ had  attained  this  position  he  gave 
“ evidence  of  that  tenacious  moral 
“ character  which  distinguishes  him. 
“ About  one -half  the  stock  in  trade 
“ consisted  of  spirituous  liquors.  Mr. 
“ Williams  had  been  taught  by  his 
“ father  that  it  was  wrong  to  traffic  in 
“ ‘ liquid  fire,’  and  he  was  not  slow  in 
“ discovering  the  truth  of  his  father’s 
“judgment.  He  had  already  seen  that 
“ the  liquors  which  they  sold  were 
“ doing  incalculable  mischief.”  He 
prevailed  upon  his  partner  to  wholly 
relinquish  this  branch  of  their  busi- 
ness, and  notwithstanding  it  had  hith- 
erto constituted  a large  and  a profit- 
able portion  of  their  trade,  at  the  close 
of  the  year,  their  profits  were  five 
thousand  dollars  in  excess  of  those  of 
the  preceding. 

Fourteen  years,  had  rolled  away, 
since  young  Williams,  emerging  from 
parental  control,  had  launched  his 
bark  on  the  sea  of  life,  at  Augusta. 
Having  by  his  superior  business  meth- 
ods accumulated  an  immense  capital, 
and  much  more  than  it  was  practica- 
ble to  use  even  in  the  extensive  busi- 
ness at  this  house  at  Augusta,  he  estab- 
lished at  Charleston,  in  1852,  a house 
on  strictly  temperance  principles,  and 
the  sales  in  the  Augusta  and  Charles- 


132 


City  of  Charleston. 


ton  houses  were  increased  from  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  to  one  and 
a half  million  per  annum,  and  the 
profits  from  twelve  to  more  than  one 
hundred  thousand  per  annum.  It  is 
impaacticable,  in  an  article  of  this 
nature,  to  rehearse  all  the  achieve- 
ments, and  record  all  the  good  whrougt 
by  this  most  prominent  of  Charleston’s 
most  noted  public-spirited  and  philan- 
thropic citizens.  Just  in  the  prime  of 
a vigorous  manhood,  at  the  breaking 
out  of  tire  war  between  the  States,  we 
find  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  at  the 
head  of  two  of  the  largest  commercial 
houses  in  the  South,  an  alderman  of 
the  then  opulent  city  of  Charleston, 
chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Ways 
and  Means,  Director  of  the  Bank  of 
South  Carolina,  also  of  two  Railroad 
Companies.  During  the  war,  through 
his  exertions,  thousands  of  the  destitu  te 
and  suffering  were  daily  supplied  with 
food.  The  war  over,  his  was  the  first 
Southern  house  ,to  resume  business  in 
Charleston.  Warehouse  after  ware- 
house, has  been  erected  by  him  for  the 
storage  of  merchandise  and  cotton. 
On  the  1st  of  May,  1874,  the  house  of 
George  W.  Williams  & Co.  celebrated 
their  thirty-second  anniversary  and  the 
inauguration  of  the  Carolina  Savings 
Bank,  of  which  Mr.  Williams  is  presi- 
dent. The  following  is  an  extract  from 
the  account  of  the  Charleston  News  and 
Courier , of  this  interesting  celebration  : 
“ Seldom  has  Charleston  known  a 
more  pleasant  and  interesting  gather- 
ing around  the  festive  board,  than  that 
which  met  on  Saturday  afternoon,  to 
celebrate  at  once  the  thirty-second  an- 
niversary of  the  great  mercantile  and 
banking  house  of  George  W.  Williams 
& Co.,  and  the  inauguration  of  ‘ The 
Carolina  Savings  Bank,’  an  addition 
to  our  banking  facilities,  which  is  the 
offspring  of  the  energy  of  the  distin- 
guished head  of  the  firm,  and  for 
which  it  is  safe  to  predict  a career  as 
wonderfully  prosperous,  as  that  of  every 
other  enterprise,  launched  under  his 
auspices.  The  name  of  Geo.  W.  Wil- 
liams long  before  the  war,  had  become 


as  familiar  as  household  words  to  the 
commercial  community  of  Charleston. 
The  history  of  the  house,  is  a record 
of  spotless  probity,  indomitable  en- 
ergy, remarkable  tact,  and  success,  that 
has  been  as  unvarying  as  it  has  been 
brilliant.  Even  more  remarkable  has 
been  the  individual  career  of  Mr. 
Williams.  He  is  emphatically  a self- 
made  man.  During  the  third  of  a 
century  that  he  has  guided  the  for- 
tunes of  the  firm,  he  has  had  no  less 
than  twenty-five  partners,  many  of 
whom  have  retired  with  fortunes, 
while  all  have  acquired  a competency. 
The  house  to-day  occupies  a proud 
position  among  the  great  business 
firms  of  South  Carolina.” 

In  May,  1875,  in  order  to  meet  the 
imperative  demands  of  the  banking 
department  of  their  business,  for  larger 
accommodations,  Mr.  Williams  pur- 
chased the ' spacious,  attractive  and 
substantial  brown  stone  building,  No. 
1 Broad  street,  corner  of  East  Bay. 
Beside  being  the  owner  of.many  ware- 
houses, as  before  stated,  he  is  an  ex- 
tensive owner  of  real  estate  in  other  parts 
of  Charleston,  and  a palatial  residence  in 
this  the  city  of  his  adoption  and  love. 
In  the  ripe  maturity  of  his  powers,  he 
brings  to  bear  upon  the  varied  and 
multiplied  transactions  of  his  banking 
house,  involving  tens  of  thousands 
daily,  and  upon  all  his  various  other 
business  enterprises,  a keen  sagacity,  a 
decisive  grasp  of  thought,  equalled  by 
few  of  the  business  men  of  this  day. 
Presiding  over  all,  directing  and  con- 
ducting them  to  successful  issues,  by 
his  superior  capacity.  The  vigor  of 
. his  strong  intellect,  is  sustained  by  the 
resoui’ces  of  an  excellent  constitution, 
which  a prudent  course  of  life,  has 
strengthened,  and  as  the  years  increase 
he  beholds  the  paths  of  usefulness,  and 
the  rewards  of  industry  broadening 
before  him. 

SMYTHE,  BRUNS  & LEE, 

Mr.  Augustine  T.  Smythe,  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Smythe,  Bruns 
& Lee,  was  born  in  Charleston,  where, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


133 


after  having  obtained  a liberal  educa- 
tion, and  having  graduated  at  the  S. 
C.  Col.,  the  voice  of  patriotism  calling 
him  to  do  service  in  behalf  of  the  al- 
tars and  firesides  of  his  native  State, 
he  entered  the  army.  The  war  ended, 
he  commenced  and  continued  the 
study  of  the  law,  with  that  eminent 
counsellor  Colonel  Simonton,  till  1867, 
when  he  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
a general  term  of  the  Supreme  Court 
at  Columbia.  A patient  and  pains- 
taking student,  having  read  the  ele- 
mentary works  of  this  abstruse  science 
diligently  and  carefully,  he  is  well 
versed  in  the  fundamental  principles 
of  the  law.  After  his  admission,  he 
commenced,  and  has  since  continued, 
the  general  practice  of  the  law  at 
Charleston,  with  marked  skill  and 
success,  and  by  his  long  and  continu- 
ous, large  and  varied  practice,  has  ac- 
quired that  thorough  practical  knowl- 
edge of  his  profession,  the  theories  and 
priciples  of  which  he  had  previously 
so  carefully  studied,  as  to  have  made 
him  one  of  the  safest  and  most  trusted 
counsellors,  and  most  successful  prac- 
titioners at  the  Charleston  bar.  He 
practiced  alone  til  10th  of  November, 
1883,  when  the  above-named  firm 
was  formed.  He  is  a public-spirited 
citizen,  is  prominent  in  politics,  was 
in  1880  elected  member  for  his  coun- 
ty to  the  State  Senate,  is  an  active 
member  of  the  ancient  and  venerable 
fraternity  of  Free  Masons.  He  has 
been  Grand  Master  and  Grand  High 
Priest  of  the  State,  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  millitary  affairs,  in  the  fire 
department,  and  in  all  matters  and 
organizations  he  believes  most  con- 
ducive to  the  public  good.  Mr.  Smythe 
has  long  had  a large  and  lucrative 
professional  patronage,  numbering 
among  his  clients  many  of  the  largest 
mercantile  houses  in  this  city,  his  firm 
having  as  fine  a suite  of  offices  as 
there  is  in  Charleston,  in  the  large 
and  centrally  located  building  No.  5 
Broad  street,  a structure  owned  by  the 
senior  member,  who,  also,  has  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  selected  law  libra- 


ries in  the  State,  comprising  two  thou- 
sand volumes.  Colonel  William  M. 
Bruns  is  a native  of  Charleston,  fitted 
himself  at  the  schools  of  his  native 
place  for  his  entrance  on  his  profes- 
sional studies,  read  law  with  the  well 
known  and  prominent  practitioner, 
Mr.  Hayne,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1871.  He  was  for  ten  years  the 
confidential  and  managing  clerk  for 
the  senior  member  of  this  firm,  at- 
tending to  all  the  details  of  the  office 
business,  preparing  all  papers,  attend- 
ing to  the  preparation  of  all  cases  and 
generally  supervising  the  large 
financial  and  other  interests  in  charge 
of  the  office.  Colonel  Bruns  has  been 
prominent  in  the  militia  of  the  State. 
He  has  been  for  years  Colonel  of  the 
1st  Regiment  of  Rifles,  one  of  the  best 
disciplined  bodies  in  the  State,  and 
has  declined  promotion  as  Brigadier 
General. 

Mr.  A.  Markley  Lee,  Jr.,  is  also  a na- 
tive of  Charleston,  received  his 
academic  education  in  his  native  city. 
He  was  a number  of  years  connected 
with  a large  mercantile  house,  leaving 
it  to  commence  professional  studies 
under  tutilage  of  Mr.  Smythe,  his 
senior  partner,  till  1881,  when  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  a general  term 
of  the  Supreme  Court  held  at  Colum- 
bia, and  commenced  and  continued  a 
general  practice  of  his  profession  on 
his  own  account,  with  a very  flatter- 
ing degree  of  success,  till  the  forma- 
tion of  the  firm  that  heads  this  sketch, 
November  10th,  1883,  as  above  stated. 
This  firm,  besides  all  the  courts  of 
their  own  State,  practice  also  in  the 
Supreme  and  all  other  of  the  United 
States  courts.  They  are  the  counsel 
for  the  State  in  many  phosphate  cases 
where  land  is  covered  by  tide  water, 
the  companies  claiming  all  rock  to 
low  water  mark,  the  State  taking  is- 
sue with  them  oxr  the  question  of 
boundary  line.  This  touches  upon 
the  question  of  direct  taxation,  and 
will  probably  be  carried  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States. 
Personally  the  individual  members  of 


134 


City  of  Charleston. 


this  firm  are  unusually  popular,  and 
enjoy  the  highest  reputations  as  able, 
painstaking  lawyers,  and  good  and 
useful  citizens,  holding  high  positions 
in  the  social  circles  of  this  communi- 
ty. They  are  solicitors  for  Coosaw 
Mining  and  Etiwan  Phosphate  Compa- 
nies, Charleston  and  Pelzer  cotton 
factories,  Charleston  Bagging  Factory, 
and  other  corporations  of  like  magni- 
tude. 

DR.  PIERVEY  M.  CLECKLEY, 
PIomceopathist. 

Among  the  prominent  professional 
men  of  Charleston,  and  the  most  noted 
of  the  physicians,  is  Dr.  Hervey  M. 
Cleckley,  whose  office  is  in  the  Mills 
House,  and  whose  residence  is  at  No. 
3 Water  street.  He  is  a lineal  de- 
scendant, on  his  mother’s  side,  of  ex- 
Governor  John  A.  Treutlen,  the  first 
Governor  of  Georgia  under  the  new 
Constitution,  being  his  great  grand- 
child, was  horn  at  St.  Matthews, 
Orangeburg  County,  South  Carolina, 
received  his  elementary  education  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  place,  after 
which  he  pursued  a higher  course  of 
studies  at  Eanon  Academy,  in  Macon 
County,  Ala.  He  was  educated  at  the 
South  Carolina  Medical  College,  at 
Charleston,  graduating  from  that  in- 
stitution in  the  spring  of  1848.  After 
practicing  five  or  six  years,  he  then 
commenced  to  read  Homoeopathy  with 
the  celebrated  Dr.  J.  Mumford  Schley, 
of  Savannah ; after  which,  entering 
the  Homoeopathic  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  graduated  with 
distinguished  honor  in  1854,  the  Fa- 
culty of  that  institution  at  that  time 
being  composed,  among  others,  of  such 
eminent  men  as  J.  W . Williamson, 
Dr.  Alyn  E.  Small,  C.  J.  Harpel,  Jacob 
Beakley.  He  then  entered  upon  prac- 
tice at  Columbus,  Georgia,  and  con- 
tinued it  at  that  place  with  eminent 
success  till  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  between  the  States,  when,  attach- 
ing himself  to  the  Pemberton  Cavalry 
of  that  place,  he  continued  in  the  ser- 


vice till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1866, 
he  moved  to  Charleston,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  and  where  he  enjoys  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  its  most 
skilful  and  successful  physicians,  hav- 
ing a large  and  lucrative  practice,  ex- 
tending throughout  the  city  and  its 
environs.  A man  of  fine  natural  en- 
dowments, a thorough  and  exhaustive 
professional  education  and  high  at- 
tainments, connected  by  birth  and  by 
matrimonial  alliance  with  the  first 
families  of  the  State  (having  married 
the  niece  of  ex-Governor  Schley,  of 
Georgia),  he  is  one  of  the  most  es- 
teemed citizens,  not  only  of  Charleston, 
but  of  South  Carolina,  holding  a most 
prominent  position  in  its  professional 
and  social  circles.  He  met  with  the 
most  unprecedented  professional  suc- 
cess when  that  great  plague  of  the 
South,  the  yellow  fever  and  diptheria, 
was  so  widely  and  fatally  prevalent. 
Dr.  Cleckley  never  lost  a patient.  He 
is  a public-spirited  citizen,  taking  an 
active  interest  in  whatever  is  condu- 
cive to  the  city’s  welfare.  He  is  zeal- 
ous and  honored  in  his  profession ; is 
a member  of  the  Committee  of  Legis- 
lation appointed  by  the  American 
Homoepathy  Institute ; is  U.  S.  Exam- 
ining Surgeon  for  South  Carolina  for 
pensions. 

EDWARD  PLENGE, 
Merchant  Tailor. 

In  1877  Mr.  Edward  Plenge  suc- 
ceeded his  father,  Mr.  Charles  Plenge, 
by  whom  this  house  was  established. 
His  trade  is  a fine  one,  exclusively 
■custom,  and  the  best  class  of  work  is 
here  done.  Measures  are  taken,  and 
the  best  fitting  garments,  trimmed  and 
made  in  the  most  desirable  manner, 
accurate  in  cut,  are  furnished  at  short 
notice.  There  is  a fine  stock  of  cloths, 
cassimeres,  suitings,  vestings,  &c.,  in- 
cluding all  the  fashionable  patterns, 
from  whicn  to  make  selections.  The 
best  of  tailors  are  employed,  and  art- 
istic taste  in  cutting,  is  one  of  the  fea- 
tures of  this  house.  He  is  largely  and 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


135 


liberally  patronized  by  the  best  class 
of  citizens,  and  gives  employment  to 
fourteen  skilled  and  competent  work- 
men. His  store  is  located  at  No.  37 
Broad  street,  is  15x50  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, is  level  with  the  walk,  is  hand- 
somely fitted  up,  and  has  every  con- 
venience for  the  business.  Mr.  Plenge 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  is  a thorough- 
going business  man,  and  ranks  among 
the  reliable  dealers  in  the  city. 

A.  MENIvE, 

Merchant  Tailor. 

Prominent  among  the  merchant 
tailors  of  Charleston,  is  Mr.  A.  Menke. 
He  established  business  in  1853,  and 
has  ever  since  enjoyed  an  important 
patronage,  and  numbers  among  his 
customers,  many  of  the  leading  pro- 
fessional and  business  men  of  the  city. 
The  nicest  fitting  garments  are  trim- 
med and  made  in  the  most  desirable 
manner.  Hekeeps  a full  stock,  of  some 
f 6,000  in  value,  ot  ready-made  clothing, 
cassimeres,  suitings,  etc.,  including  ail 
the  fashionable  patterns  from  whicti  to 
select.  Seven  experienced  hands  are 
employed,  and  artistic  taste  in  cutting 
is  one  of  the  features  of  the  house, 
and  fine  goods  its  characteristic.  He 
also  carries  a full  and  well  selected  as- 
sortment of  gents  furnishing  goods. 
The  store  is  spacious,  25x00  feet  in 
extent,  located,  at  245  King  street. 
Mr.  Menke  studies  to  please  his  cus- 
tomers, providing  just  what  is  wanted, 
just  when  the  people  want  it.  Mr. 
Menke  is  a native  of  Oldenburg,  came 
to  the  United  (States  in  1840,  and  is 
well  known  and  esteemed  in  this  com- 
munity. 

JABOB  STEIBER, 
Fashionable  Boot  Maker. 

Among  the  old  and  well  known 
merchants  of  Charleston,  Mr.  Jacob 
Steiber,  fashionable  boot  maker,  is 
worthy  of  special  mention.  The  bus- 
iness was  established  by  this  gentle- 


man in  1857.  The  store  is  a ' con- 
venient and  well  arranged  one,  18x50 
feet  in  dimensions,  is  located  at  No.  41 
Broad  street,  and  is  filled  to  reple- 
tion with  as  varied  an  assortment 
as  can  be  found  in  any  store  of 
the  kind  in  this  city.  The  goods  are 
principally  of  his  own  manufacture, 
comprise  a large  variety  of  gentle- 
men’s patent  leather  and  calf-skin 
boots,  gaiters,  shoes,  &c.,  and  are 
made  by  hand  from  the  best  material 
and  sold  at  popular  prices.  He  has 
also  a general  assortment  of  other 
goods,  and  all  the  leading  styles  and 
fashions  in  ladies’  misses’  and  chil- 
dren’s goods.  A special  department 
for  custom  work,  is  one  of  the^features 
of  the  business,  which  is  under  his 
personal  supervision,  and  first-class 
work  and  perfect  fitting  boots  or  shoes 
are  always  guaranteed,  at  low  prices. 
He  carries  a stock  having  a represent- 
ative value  of  several  thousands  of 
dollars,  he  gives  constant  employment 
to  five  skilled  workmen,  his  trade  is 
large  and  lucrative.  Mr.  Steiber  is  a 
native  of  Frankfort,  Germany,  has 
been  long  a resident  of  Charleston, 
where  he  is  respected,  both  as  a mer- 
chant and  a citizen. 

GEO.  W.  EGAN, 
Contractor  and  Builder. 

Among  the  prominent  and  substan- 
tial citizens  of  this  city,  there  are  none 
better  known  than  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Egan, 
who  established  the  above  business  in 
1866,  and  at  present  is  located  at  78 
Meeting  street.  Mr.  Egan  is  a native 
of  this  city,  and  is  a thorough,  prac- 
tical man  to  the  business,  he  provides 
estimates  and  plans,  contracts  for 
buildings  of  all  kinds ; also  for  altern- 
ations and  all  kinds  of  general  job- 
bing, in  the  line  tha  tbelongs  to  the 
carpenter  and  builder,  and  has  every 
facility  and  convenience  at  his  com- 
modious shop,  for  attending  to  all  or- 
ders promptly.  Mr.  Egan  superin- 
tends all  work  in  person,  and  guaran- 
tees satisfaction  as  to  workmanship 


136 


City  of  Charleston. 


and  price.  None  but  skilled  me- 
chanics are  employed,  and  to  these 
constant  work  is  given.  Among  the 
many  buildings  that  owe  their  attrac- 
tive appearance  and  substantial  build 
to  the  taste  and  judgment  of  this  arti- 
san, we  note  the  building  known  as  S. 
C.  L.  & Trust  Co ; also  the  one  occu- 
pied by  the  Southern  Telegraph  Co., 
the  handsome  front  of  Elias’s  shoe 
store  on  King  street,  and  many  others. 
He  is  also  prepared  to  execute  all 
styles  of  slate  and  tile  roofing,  also 
plain  and  ornamental  plastering;  cis- 
terns built  and  repaired;  fitting  up 
store  fronts  a specialty.  Mr.  Egan  is  a 
large  property  holder,  and  invests  lib- 
erally in  all  judicious  undertakings; 
is  a director  in  the  S.  C.  S.  Boat  Co., 
also  a large  stockholder ; is  sole  pro- 
prietor of  Accommodation  Wharf,  lo- 
cated in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
city,  tie  is  a genial  and  public-spir- 
ited gentleman,  and  always  ready  to 
contribute  to  the  prosperity  and  wel- 
fare of  the  community,  with  his  sound 
and  wise  judgment,  or  his  private 
funds,  as  the  emergency  requires. 
This  gentlemen  was  in  1882  and  ’83  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
is,  at  present,  one  of  the  commissioners 
oi  the  Orphan  House  of  this  city,  and 
in  this  community,  is  esteemed  as  a 
valuable  and  influential  citizen. 

HENRY  HAESLOOP, 

Dealer  in  Grain,  Hay,  Grist, 
Meal,  etc. 

A representative  house,  engaged  in 
the  grain  and  feed,  grocery  and  liquor 
business,  is  that  of  Mr.  Henry  Hae- 
sloop,  located  at  620  King  street.  The 
building  is  a substantial  one,  two  and 
a half  stories  high,  having  a frontage 
of  50  and  depth  of  100  feet,  and  has 
every  convenience  for  the  prosecution 
of  the  business.  This  house  was  es- 
tablished by  its  present  owner  in  1870, 
in  the  same  location  as  it  now  is. 
There  is  carried  a very  full  and  com- 
plete line  of  grain  of  all  kinds,  hay, 
corn  meal,  grist,  and  all  varieties  of 


feed,  besides  a complete  assortment  of 
the  choicest  groceries,  family  flour  of 
first-class  brands,  teas,  coffees,  sugars, 
spices,  and  in  fact  everything  that  is 
necessary  to  meet  the  large  and  vari- 
ous demands  in  that  direction.  To 
this  he  likewise  adds  wines  and  li- 
quors, from  the  most  famous  foreign 
vineyards,  and  a choice  selection  of 
similar  domestic  products.  Among 
the  brands  of  tobacco  he  keeps,  we  see 
the  leading  ones  from  all  the  tobacco 
producing  States  in  the  Union,  as  well 
as  the  best  known  imported  brands. 
From  this  varied  stock,  which  never 
is  allowed  to  run  below  §8,000  in  va- 
lue, the  purchaser  cannot  fail  to  find 
what  he  wants.  Mr.  Haesloop’s  trade, 
both  wholesale  and  retail,  is  large,  and 
extends  through  South  Carolina,  and 
into  the  adjoining  States,  North  Caro- 
lina, Georgia,  and  Florida.  He  em- 
ploys five  competent  assistants,  three 
wagons  being  necessary  to  fulfil  with 
promptitude,  the  orders  from  his  nu- 
merous patrons,  both  in  city  and 
country. 

Mr.  Haesloop  is  a progressive, 
straightforward  business  man,  well 
posted,  and  merits  the  excellent  trade 
he  enjoys.  He  is  a native  of  Bremen, 
and  since  coming  to  this  country,  in 
1860,  has  been  held  in  high  esteem  by 
its  citizens. 

JOHN  C.  MALLONEE, 

Manufacturer  of  and  Dealer  in 

Southern  Lumber,  Plastering 

Laths,  Shingles,  etc. 

Cor.  Washington  and  Calhoun. 

There  can  be  no  better  means  of 
calling  the  attention  of  the  outside 
world  to  the  attractions  of  Charleston 
as  a source  of  supply,  than  to  demon- 
strate these  advantages  by  briefly  re- 
ferring to  industries  already  estab- 
lished here.  The  lumber  trade,  is  one 
that  has  developed  considerable  pro- 
portions of  late,  and  those  engaged 
both  as  manufacturers  and  dealers, 
offer  superior  facilities  to  those  con- 
templating building.  One  of  the  most 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


137 


extensive  houses  in  this  line,  is  that  of 
Mr.  J.  C.  Mallonee,  established  in  1865. 
The  yards  occupied,  cover  about  six 
acres,  and  are  located  on  the  Cooper 
River,  on  which  is  a wharf  500  feet 
long,  capable  of  accommodating  the 
largest  vessels  entering  the  harbor, 
and  thus  affording  the  greatest  facili- 
ties for  receipt  and  shipment.  Mr. 
Mallonee,  manufactures  and  deals  in 
Southern  lumber,  plastering  laths, 
shingles,  etc.,  most  of  which  is  shipped 
to  New  York,  Baltimore  and  Philadel- 
phia, as  well  as  foreign  shipments. 
He  also  supplies  firewood  for  home 
consumption.  The  saw  and  planing 
mills,  are  large  and  furnished  with 
complete  machinery,  that  of  the  for- 
mer, being  driven  by  an  engine  of  70 
and  of  the  latter,  by  one  of  25-liorse 
power.  He  employs  some  fifty  expe- 
rienced hands.  One  may  form  some 
idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  transac- 
tions, when  they  know,  that  upwards 
of  fourteen  million  feet  of  lumber  , is 
cut  by  the  house  in  the  year.  This  is 
mostly  S.  C.  pine,  from  the  ap  country, 
where  Mr.  Mallonee  calls  into  requisi- 
tion the  services  of  over  150  employees. 
The  business,  is  conducted  upon  a poli- 
cy that  entitles  it  to  the  fullest  confi- 
dence of  all.  Mr.  Mallonee,  thesole  pro- 
prietor, is  a native  of  Maryland  and 
came  South  in  1856.  In  the  late 
war  he  took  an  active  part,  serving  in 
Col.  Steven’s  regiment,  on  James 
Island,  and,  also,  as  a mechanic  in  the 
navy  department,  under  Commodore 
Ingram.  He  is  identified  with  other 
industries  of  the  city,  is  Treasurer  of 
the  Charleston  Phosphate  Co.,  and 
may  well  be  numbered  among  the 
most  enterprising  and  public-spirited 
citizens. 

MARKS’  SHIP  YARD, 

Foot  of  Commercial  Street. 

It  is  almost  marvellous  to  contem- 
plate the  magnitude  which  this  great 
art  of  ship  building  has  attained  in  this 
city,  when  compared  with  the  limit  to 
which  it  was  circumscribed  twenty 

10 


years  ago,  no  business  has  so  pro- 
moted the  commercial  interests  of 
Charleston,  or  grown  more  rapidly  in  so 
short  a period.  In  this  connection,  a 
few  brief  facts  with  relation  to  the  his- 
tory and  business  of  Mr.  Marks,  are 
replete  with  interest.  This  gentleman 
is  a native  of  Portugal ; came  to  this 
city  in  1868,  and  started  the  above 
business  with  Mr.  Silvia,  his  father-in- 
law,  at  the.  foot  of  Calhoun  street, 
where  now  stands  Mallonee’s  mills. 
Owing  to  the  death  of  Mr.  Silvia  in 
1876,  Mr.  Marks  assumed  the  business 
alone,  at  the  foot  of  Reid  street,  near 
the  N.  E.  Railroad  depot.  In  1882  he 
removed  to  his  present  place  of  busi- 
ness, foot  of  Council  street,  northwest- 
ern part  of  this  city,  on  the  Ashley 
River,  where  he  is  fully  prepared,  with 
all  the  necessary  appliances,  to  trans- 
act all  business,  in  the  line  of  ship 
building,  in  all  its  branches.  The  best 
of  material  is  used,  and  none  but  first- 
class  workmen  employed,  all  under 
the  direct  supervision  of  Mr.  Marks, 
the  proprietor,  whose  long  experience 
and  wide-spread  reputation,  has  placed 
him  in  the  foremost  ranks  of  ship 
builders.  Repairing  of  all  kinds  in 
this  line,  caulking,  etc.,  done  at  short 
notice,  at  moderate  charges.  A large 
causeway  is  constructed  for  this  pur- 
pose, where  vessels  are  hauled  up  and 
launched.  This  establishment  covers 
a space  of  200x1000  feet.  A neat  and. 
well  furnished  office,  is  conveniently 
located  in  the  yard,  for  the  arranging, 
of  all  business  matters.  This  gentle- 
man, by  close  application  to  business, 
together  with  economy  and  honest 
dealing,  has  gained  a competency, 
which  verifies  the  old  adage,  that  “In- 
dustry brings  its  own  reward.” 

B.  R.  BURNETT, 
Attorney. 

Among  the  well-known  and  popu- 
lar professional  gentlemen  of  Charles- 
ton, Mr.  B.  R.  Burnett,  Attorney  and 
Counsellor  at  Law;  having  his  office  at 
No.  39  Broad  street,  is  worthy  of  special 


138 


City  of  Charleston. 


mention.  This  gentleman,  at  the  age 
of  seventeen,  entered  the  4th  South 
Carolina  Cavalry  (Charleston  Light 
Dragoons),  serving  in  the  war  between 
the  States,  after  which  he  studied  law 
with  Messrs.  Rutledge  & Young,  and 
two  years  later  was  admitted  to  practice. 
Has  been  practicing  and  planting 
since.  Was,  in  1876,  appointed  Trial 
Justice  by  Governor  Hampton,  has 
been  reappointed  every  term  since, 
now  filling  that  position.  Mr.  Burnett 
conducts  a general  practice,  serving  his 
clients  with  fidelity.  He  is  a native  of 
Charleston,  where  he  is  well  and  wide- 
ly known,  for  his  many  excellent  qual- 
ities of  mind  and  heart. 

CHARLES  F.  PANKNIN, 

Chemist  and  Apothecary. 

This  house,  which  has  had  a pros- 
perous existence  for  over  half  a cen- 
tury, has  been  long  known  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Charleston,  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing in  its  line.  It  was  originally 
• established,  by  the  father  of  the  present 
proprietor,  who  succeeded  to  the  busi- 
ness in  1860,  and  who  has  since  en- 
joyed the  patronage,  and  possessed  the 
confidence  of  the  community.  The 
store,  conveniently  located  at  123 
Meeting  street,  is  elegantly  arranged 
:and  well  adapted  to  the  business,  his 
■ customers  being  the  best  families  of 
.the  city.  The  stock  carried,  is  well 
: selected,  and  contains  a complete  as- 
sortment of  fresh  drugs,  besides  a full 
dine  of  perfumery,  toilet  necessaries 
.and  fancy  articles.  To  the  prescrip- 
ition  department,  Dr.  Panknin  gives 
his  detailed  attention.  He  is  a direct 
importer  of  German,  French  and  Eng- 
lish drugs  and  chemicals.  As  a chem- 
ist the  doctor  stands  high  in  the  pro- 
fession, ancf  has  received  many  honors. 
He  graduated  from  Dresden  Pharma- 
ceutic College  in  1857.  He  has  been 
President  of  the  State  Pharmaceutic 
Society,  and  is  an  influential  member 
of  the  American  Pharm.  Associa- 
tion. He  is  a native  of  the  city,  where 
he  has  so  long  conducted  a successful 


business,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of 
Charleston’s  trusted  business  men  and 
public-spirited  citizens. 

ROB’T  T.  MARTIN, 

Boots,  Shoes,  Hats  and  Caps. 

Sewing  Machines. 

117  and  119  Market  Street. 

In  a review  of  the  industries  of 
Charleston,  we  find  many  enterprising- 
business  firms.  Among  these  the 
house  of  Robert  Martin  occupies  a 
prominent  position.  The  business 
was  established  in  1839  by  Mr.  Sargent, 
who  was  succeeded  by  one  Findlay, 
and  who  ivas  again  succeeded  by  the 
present  proprietor  in  1865,  since  when 
the  transactions  of  the  house,  have 
taken  strides,  which  only  the  indom- 
itable energy  of  its  skillful  manage- 
ment could  attain.  The  premises  are 
centrally  located,  at  117  and  119  Mar- 
ket street,  and  consist  of  a large  three- 
story  building  33  feet  front  by  65 
deep.  The  first  floor,  is  used  for  the 
retail  boot  and  shoe  departments.  On 
the  second,  customers  can  inspect  a 
complete  assortment  of  sewing  ma- 
chines; the  repairing  shop  is  also  on 
this  floor,  while  the  third  floor  is  for 
storage.  The  stock  of  boots,  shoes, 
hats  and  caps,  includes  the  latest  styles 
and  best  makes  from  first  hands.  In 
this  line,  Mr.  Martin  transacts  a whole- 
sale and  retail  businesss,  and  has  an 
able  salesman  who,  on  the  road,  rep- 
resents him  throughout  this  State.  In 
sewing  machines  he  is  general  agent 
for  South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  North 
Carolina,  for  the  famous  Wilson 
Lightning  Lever — 2,000  stitches  a 
minute — and  also  agent  for  the  well 
known  Llousehold,  Howe,  Wilson  and 
Gibbs,  and  William  Singer,  of  all  of 
which,  he  keeps  a full  supply  on  hand, 
as  well  as  all  the  necessary  attach- 
ments for  them,  and  a complete  as- 
sortment of  all  sizes  of  needles.  Be- 
sides the  above  business,  Mr.  Martin  is 
the  manufacturer  of  a patent — date  13 
May  1881 — board  for  ironing  shirt 
fronts,  which  is  extensively  sold 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


139 


throughout  the  whole  United  States. 
The  total  transactions  of  this  house 
will  average  from  $75,000  to  $80,000 
annually.  Mr.  Robert  Martin,  the  sole 
owner  of  this  large  establishment,  is 
a native  of  Ireland,  and  came  to  this 
country  in  1843,  and  as  an  energetic 
and  progressive  business  man,  has 
gained  an  envied  reputation  and  is 
counted  as  one  of  Charleston’s  valua- 
ble and  useful  citizens. 

BERNARD  O’NEILL, 

Wholesale  Grocer  and  Commission 
Merchant. 

Prominent  among  the  wholesale 
grocery  houses  of  the  South,  stands 
the  firm  of  Bernard  O’Neill.  Mr. 
O’Neill,  established  business  in  1845, 
and  has  outrode  the  vicissitudes  of  com- 
mercial panics,  foreign  and  civil  wars, 
and  now  stands,  as  one  of  the  most  po- 
pular and  best  known  merchants  on 
the  Bay.  His  premises  are  large  and 
spacious,  extending  from  East  Bay, 
back  to  State  street,  and  are  well 
adapted  to  facilitate  the  carrying  on 
of  such  an  immense  business.  He 
employs  from  ten  to  twelve  expe- 
rienced and  obliging  assistants.  The 
stock  carried  is  large,  embracing  flour 
of  first  brands,  pork,  sugars  and  sy- 
rups, butter  and  cheese  direct  from 
the  factory,  bacon,  lard,  provisions  of 
all  kinds,  and  in  fact  every  necessity 
which  the  appetite  of  the  laboror  de- 
mands, and  every  luxury  that  the 
table  of  the  millionaire  calls  for.  The 
goods  obtained  from  Mr.  O’Neill,  can 
always  be  depended  upon  as  of  stand- 
ard cpiality.  The  trade  is  large,  ex- 
tending not  only  to  every  village  of 
South  Carolina,  but  into  Georgia, 
Florida,  and  North  Carolina.  Mr. 
O’Neill,  a gentleman  of  polite  and 
courteous  manners,  is  a native  of  Ire- 
land, and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1841.  He  formerly  did  business,  in  a 
manner  that  many  less  experienced 
men  are  imitating  at  the  present  day, 
but  now  prefers  to  run  his  establish- 
ment, on  these  methods  and  principles 


that  his  mature  judgment  dictates 
as  most  reliable  and  correct,  and 
enjoys  the  reputation,  of  being  the 
most  solid  and  staunch  merchant,  en- 
gaged in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  mer- 
chandise in  Charleston. 

N.  ABRAHAMS, 

Upper  Ward  Boot  and  Shoe  House, 

504  King  Street. 

Among  the  business  houses  in  the 
upper  part  of  Charleston,  we  take  plea- 
sure in  mentioning  that  of  Mr.  N. 
Abrahams.  This  gentleman  is  a native 
of  Prussia,  and  came  to  this  country 
in  1866.  In  1874  he  established  his 
present  business  in  Charleston.  He 
deals  in  boots  and  shoes  of  every  de- 
scription, and,  from  his  full  stock,  is 
able  to  suit  any  taste,  and  fit  comfort- 
ably any  foot.  He  also  carries  a com- 
plete line  of  trunks,  valises,  satchels, 
etc.,  a full  and  well  selected  stock, 
adapted  for  his  extensive  city  and 
country  trade.  He  enjoys  a liberal 
patronage,  from  customers  throughout 
the  city,  and  his  establishment  reflects 
credit  upon  his  sagacity,  as  a merchant. 
Boots,  shoes,  etc.,  may  be  obtained  at 
the  lowest  cash  prices,  guaranted  as 
represented.  Mr.  Abrahams,  is  a care- 
ful and  shrewd  business  man,  knows 
just  when,  where,  and  how  to  buy,  and 
is  content  to  retail  at  a small  margin 
of  profit.  He  is  respected  as  a mer- 
chant and  citizen. 

C.  J.  SCITLEPEGRELL  & SON, 
Lumber,  Shingles,  Brick,  Wood, 

Lime,  Paints,  etc. 

We  are  free  to  admit,  that  no  more 
important  trade  is  connected  with  this 
community  than  that  which  relates  to 
the  handling  of  builders’  materials. 
Among  the  leading  firms  in  this  line 
in  the  State,  we  are  called  upon  to 
mention  C.  J.  Schlepegrell  & Son.  The 
senior  member  of  the  firm,  commenced 
business  for  himself  in  the  same  loca- 
tion the  house  at  present  occupies,  in 
1847,  as  a soda-water  manufacturer,  at 
which  he  was  so  successfu.  as  to  return 


140 


City  of  Charleston. 


to  his  native  land — Hanover — in  1855. 
He  came  back  to  this  country  in 
1866,  and  started  the  lumber  business, 
which  he  alone  prosperously  conduct- 
ed, till  joined  by  his  son,  in  January, 
1882.  They  deal  in  lumber,  bricks, 
lime,  laths,  groved  and  tongued  board, 
paints,  hardware,  oak  and  pine-wood 
slabs,  and  in  fact  all  articles,  necessary 
for  the  equipment  of  the  largest  struc- 
tures for  dwelling  or  business  purposes, 
and  are  the  largest  manufacturers  and 
shippers  in  South  Carolina  of  shin- 
gles ; and  intending  purchasers,  will 
find  that  from  their  large  stock  they 
can  readily  select  something  satisfac- 
tory. The  premises  occupied,  consist 
of  two  large  and  well  appointed  yards 
on  Line  street — one  60x100,  and  the 
other  78x110  feet,  and  another  spa- 
cious one  on  King  street,  all  owned  by 
them.  Their  engagements,  necessitate 
the  employment,  of  from  six  to  seven 
hands,  three  carts  and  a wagon  being 
also  called  into  requisition. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Schlepegrell,  the  senior 
member,  came  to  this  country  from 
Hanover,  in  1843,  and  during  his  resi- 
dence in  this  community,  has  gained 
an  honored  name,  as  a merchant.  He 
also  takes  a part  in  social  circles,  and 
as  a member  of  the  Schiller  Lodge, 
and  as  ex-Chief  Patriarch,  is  counted 
among  the  most  influential  of  Charles- 
ton’s Odd-Fellows.  He  also  has  for 
several  years  ably  filled  the  position 
of  School  Commissioner  of  the  Ger- 
man Academy.  His  residence,  is  con- 
veniently situated  on  the  premises,  so 
that  he  gives  much  of  his  attention  to 
business.  The  junior  partner,  Mr.  F. 
W.  Schlepegrell,  was  born  in  Han- 
over, and  educated  in  Charleston,  and 
received  first-class  honors  at  Charles- 
ton College,  taking  much  responsibil- 
ity on  his  shoulders,  is  generally  ac- 
knowledged one  of  Charleston’s  most 
enterprising  and  progressive  business 
men  and  useful  citizens. 

F.  TUPPER  & CO., 

In  Charleston  there  are  numer- 
ous insurance  agencies,  representing 


the  most  reliable  companies  in  the 
world.  Among  such  there  are  none 
which  enjoy  a higher  reputation,  for 
business  ability  than  the  gentlemen 
who  form  the  above  copartnership. 
The  firm  commenced  business  on  De- 
cember 8,  1873,.  They  represent  the 
Commercial  Union  Assurance  Co.  of 
London,  capital  $12,500,000,  assets 
$21,000,000;  Fire  Association  of  Phil- 
adelphia, assets  $4,400,000;  Niagara 
Fire  Insurance  Company  of  New 
York,  assets  $1,800,000;  Fire  In- 
surance Association  of  London;  North 
German  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  Ham- 
burg, and  Rochester  German  In- 
surance Co.  of  New  York.  Besides 
they  are  agents  in  South  Carolina,  for 
the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  Ins. 
Co.,  assets  $7,200,000.  They  also  are 
representatives  of,  and  write  marine 
risks  in  the  United  States  Lloyds. 
The  office  is  centrally  located,  at  5 
Broad  st.,  and  callers  will  find  the 
members  of  the  firm,  ready  to  give  any 
information  which  may  be  desired. 
They  insure  dwellings,  household  fur- 
niture, churches  and  bank  buildings 
at  advantageous  rates.  Their  business 
is  large  and  increasing,  especially  in 
adjusting  risks.  The  members  of  the 
firm,  are  natives  of  Charleston,  where 
they  are  well  known  as  enterprising 
men.  They  all  took  an  active  part  in 
the  civil  war,  Mr.  F.  Tupper  and  Mr. 
B.  Grimball  serving  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Marion  artillery,  in  S.  C.,  and  faced 
the  terrible  onslaughts  on  Battery 
Wagner.  The  latter  gentleman  is  the 
able  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Carolina  Club  and  the  S.  C.  Jockey 
Club.  Mr.  T.  Pinckney  Lowndes  also 
served  in  the  Marion  artillery  and  sig- 
nal corps,  and  is  now  Lieut  -Col.  on 
Gen.  McCrady’s  staff,  and,  also,  school 
commissioner  of  the  city. 

Messrs.  Lowndes  and  Grimball  con- 
duct, each  on  his  own  account,  an  im- 
portant brokerage  and  real  estate  bus- 
iness. 

The  above  firm  are  wide  awake  to 
the  interests  of  all  with  whom  they 
connect  themselves  and  relations  with 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


141 


them  will  be  found  pleasant  and  per- 
manent. 

SHEPPARD  & PORCHER, 
Dealers  in  Rice. 

Among  the  firms  carrying  on  a large 
business  in  rice  in  this  city,  none  is 
more  worthy  of  mention  than  Messrs. 
Sheppard  & Porcher,  whose  office  is 
conveniently  located  on  East  Bay. 
Their  premises  here  consist  of  a three- 
story  warehouse,  35x250  feet,  admira- 
bly adapted  for  the  business.  They 
handle  Carolina  rice,  and  in  summer 
season,  considerable  quantities  of  for- 
eign rice,  which  is  obtained  from  the 
best  plantations,  and  sold  guaranteed 
equal  to  sample,  and  at  prices  advan- 
tageous to  buyers.  Their  trade,  which 
is  steadily  increasing,  extends  not  only 
all  over  the  South,  but  to  the  markets 
of  the  North  and  West,  where  their 
connections  are  likewise  first-class. 
The  business,  necessitates  the  employ- 
ment of  fifteen  competent  hands. 

This  establishment,  is  the  successor 
of  J.  L.  Sheppard,  the  senior  of  the 
present  firm,  who  commenced  busi- 
ness in  1870,  and  of  Good  & Brown,  a 
house  founded  in  1874.  Mr.  Sheppard 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  and  is  known 
to  the  community  as  a reliable  mer- 
chant. He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
late  war,  rendering  service  to  the  Con- 
federate cause,  as  a member  of  the 
Washington  Light  Infantry.  His  part- 
ner, Mr.  W.  D.  Porcher,  was  also  born 
in  this  city,  and  therefore  known  as  an 
enterprising  merchant.  It  remains 
for  us  still  to  speak  of  Sheppard’s  Cot- 
ton Tie  Buckle,  which  is  so  univers- 
ally used,  not  only  in  Carolina,  but 
throughout  the  United  States.  It  is 
Mr.  Sheppard’s  invention,  patented 
1868,  and  on  its  merits  again  re-patent- 
ed in  1877.  It  is  the  only  buckle 
which  has  given  entire  satisfaction  to 
compressors,  and  is  in  all  respects 
adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  compress. 
Its  greatest  virtue  lies  in  its  simplicity, 


strength  and  security  rendering  it 
finally  perfect.  It  bears  the  endorse- 
ment of  every  press  in  the  United 
States;  and  what  more  could  be  said 
of  its  intrinsic  worth  ? It  is  made  in 
two  sizes ; light,  16  buckles,  and  heavy, 
14  to  the  pound. 

SAMUEL  R,  MARSHALL  & CO. 

Hardware,  Cutlery,  Guns,  and 
Agricultural  Implements. 

The  growth  of  the  hardware  trade, 
is  due  to  the  energy  of  those  who  have 
been  long  connected  with  the  business, 
and  who  have  developed  a fitness  and 
capacity  gained  from  long  and  active 
experience.  Such  a house  in  Charles- 
ton is  that  of  Messrs.  Samuel  R.  Mar- 
shall & Co.,  which  was  originally  es- 
tablished as  J.  E.  Adger  & Co.,  of 
which  firm  Mr.  Marshall,  was  long  a 
partner  prior  to  the  war.  After  the 
war,  the  present  style  was  adopted,  Mr. 
•Julius  J.  Westcoat  being  the  junior 
partner  till  1st  June,  1883,  when  John 
V.  McNamee,  and  Paul  W.  Sanders 
were  taken  into  the  firm.  During  its 
career  this  house  has  been  a most 
active  and  honorable  competitor  for 
legitimate  trade.  The  salesrooms  and 
warehouse  of  the  firm,  are  comprised 
in  a three-story  brick  building,  25x200 
feet,  besides  as  much  more  space  in  ad- 
jacent buildings,  located  at  139  Meeting 
street,  in  the  centre  of  commercial 
activity  of  Charleston.  Here  is  car- 
ried an  . immense  stock,  embracing 
everything  under  the  heads  of  hard- 
ware, iron,  steel,  metals,  agricultural 
implements,  carriage  and  blacksmiths’ 
supplies,  nails,  cutlery,  cordage,  etc. 
The  firm  are  agents  for  the  famous 
Watt  Plows,  Avery’s  Plows,  Champion 
Mowers  and  Reapers,  celebrated  Dow 
Law  Planter,  Gullett’s  Steel  Brush  Gin. 
Cotton  Bloom  Gin,  Taylor  Gin,  Gal- 
vanized Fencing  Wire,  and  Fairbanks’ 
Scales.  Their  trade  extends  all  over 
South  Carolina,  and  into  the  adjoin- 
ing States,  the  business  necessitating 
the  employment  of  thirteen  hands,  and 
four  wagons,  are  used  to  facilitate  the 


142 


City  of  Charleston. 


handling  of  goods.  The  members  of 
the  firm,  are  all  natives  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  allied  to  the  advancement  of 
its  commercial  prosperity.  They  are 
painstaking  merchants,  who  study  the 
Wants  of  their  trade,  and,  by  supply- 
ing only  a reliable  quality  of  goods, 
have  built  up  and  retained  for  such  a 
series  of  years  their  present  extensive 
business. 

E.  IiUGUELET, 

Watches  and  Jewelry. 

This  business  was  founded  nearly  a 
half  century  ago,  and  was  known 
under  the  firm  name  of  Eylan  & Hay- 
den, who  were  succeeded  by  Hayden 
& Bro.  Next  it  was  known  as  Gregg 
& Hayden,  then  Hayden  and  Whil- 
den,  and  next  A.  H.  Hayden.  The 
latter  gentleman  was  succeeded  by  the 
present  proprietor,  Mr.  E.  Huguelet,  in 
1877,  who  was  for  fifteen  years  the 
faithful  employee  of  the  house.  He  oc- 
cupies a pleasant  location  at  411  King 
street,  and  has  a store  of  ample  dimen- 
sions, 18x45  feet.  A good  display  is 
made  in  rich,  elegant  jewelry,  of  every 


description,  in  all  the  newest  and  most 
fashionable  styles,  for  use  and  orna- 
ment, and  suitable  for  wedding  or 
birthday  presents.  There  can  also  be 
found  in  stock  a fine  assortment  of 
watches.  French  and  American  clocks 
can  be  seen  in  variety  ; also,  silver  and 
plated  ware,  spectacles,  eye-glasses,  and 
optical  goods  generally.  A feature  of 
the  business,  is  in  repairing  watches, 
jewelry  and  clocks,  which  is  done  by 
skillful  hands,  with  promptitude.  A 
stock  valued  at  over  $5,000  is  invested, 
and  a large  local  trade  is  conducted, 
extending  also  throughout  the  coun- 
try. Three  experienced  assistants,  are 
kept  busily  employed  in  attending  to 
their  various  duties.  Mr.  Huguelet,  is 
a native  of  Switzerland,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1860.  He  enjoys 
a large  patronage,  and  has  always  been 
popular  as  a business  man,  and  as  a 
fine  watch,  clock  and  jewelry  repairer, 
is  considered  one  of  the  most  skillful 
and  expert  in  the  city.  He  is  regarded 
as  a courteous  gentleman,  and  stands 
as  one  of  the  honorable,  influential 
citizens  of  this  vicinity. 


MEETING  ST 


Among  the  more  recent  manufac- 
turing enterprises  in  Charleston,  and 
the  only  one  in  its  line,  is  the  Eagle 
Candy  Manufacturing  Company,  lo- 
cated at  No.  Ill  Meeting  st.,  Hurley’s 
block.  This  factory,  was  established 
March  1st,  1883.  The  premises  util- 
ized in  the  business,  consists  of  a two- 


story  building  25x100  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, and  thoroughly  equipped  with 
all  modern  appliances,  for  conducting 
a large  manufacturing  business.  They 
manufacture  stick,  lump  and  assorted 
candies,  for  the  wholesale  and  jobbing- 
trade,  fresh  every  day,  from  the  purest 
material,  without  any  admixture  of 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


143 


injurious  coloring  matter,  or  any  sub- 
stance, of  an  unwholesome  character. 
The  delicious  flavors  are  obtained  by 
the  use  of  pure  fruit  juices,  and  the 
coloring,  where  any  is  used,  is  of 
harmless  vegetable  character.  They 
give  employment  to  seven  competent 
workmen,  their  trade  is  wholesale  and 
extensive,  principally  to  jobbers  in 
Charleston.  The  product  of  their 
factory,  will  average  fourteen  hundred 
pounds  daily.  Rock  candy  syrup,  is  a 
specialty.  The  facilities  they  enjoy 
for  procuring  their  supplies,  purchas- 
ing the  same  in  large  quantities  and  for 
cash,  and  the  thorough  knowledge 
they  have  of  every  detail  of  their  bus- 
iness, enables  them  to  offer  induce- 
ments that  cannot  be  surpassed,  by  any 
other  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the 
South.  The  business  managers  of  this 
flourishing  establishment,  are  Mr.  W. 
J.  Trim,  and  Mr.  George  W.  Spear. 
The  former  was  born  in  Ireland, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1852, 
and  came  to  Charleston  in  1857 ; is 
an  active,  energetic  business  man,  is 
possessed  of  great  executive  ability, 
and  is  a public-spirited  citizen,  re- 
sponded with  alacrity  to  the  call  of 
his  country  to  arms,  was  in  the 
Charleston  Rifles,  and  lost  his  arm 
near  Petersburg.  The  junior  mana- 
ger, is  a native  of  Georgia,  came  to 
Charleston  in  1873,  was  ten  years 
with  Clausen  Brothers,  leaving  them 
to  assume,  in  company  with  Mr.  Trim, 
the  management  of  this  concern.  He 
is  practical  to  this  business,  has  a 
thorough  knowledge,  acquired  by  long 
experience,  of  all  the  various  processes 
of  manufacture,  has  excellent  judg- 
ment in  the  selection  of  flavors,  color- 
ing matter,  and  other  materials,  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  their  goods,  and 
is  much  liked  in  the  business,  and  so- 
cial circles  of  Charleston. 

J.  H.  DUCIvER, 

Grocer. 

This  house  was  established  in 
Charleston  in  1867,  and  is  favorably 
known  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  city, 


• as  well  as  to  a large  portion  of  the 
country  population.  Here  may  be 
found  a large  stock  of  fancy  and  staple 
groceries,  canned  goods  in  all  their 
variety,  teas  and  coffees  of  guaranteed 
qualities,  pure  spices,  sugars,  condi- 
ments, and  table  delicacies,  every- 
thing, in  fact,  which  goes  to  make  up 
the  stock  of  a first-class  family  grocery 
store.  The  stock  carried,  has  a repre- 
sentative value  of  $10,000.  The  store, 
35  feet  by  100  in  dimensions,  with  an 
addition  of  40  feet  for  storage  pur- 
poses, is  conveniently  arranged  for  the 
business.  Six  intelligent  clerks,  are 
employed,  and  genuine  goods  are  the 
rule.  Mr.  Ducker  is  a live,  business 
man,  who,  by  perseverance  and  hon- 
orable dealing,  has  won  success,  and 
founded  a house,  that  is  a credit  to  the 
business  of  the  city.  Mr.  J.  IT.  Ducker, 
is  a native  of  Hanover,  came  to  the 
U.  S.  in  1866,  and  is  known  through- 
out the  city,  as  a reliable  business 
man,  and  an  esteemed  citizen. 


J.  BACHMAN  CHISOLM, 


ATTORNEY  AT  LAW, 


No.  22  Broad  Street,  (2d  Story,) 


Charleston,  S.  C. 


A.  O.  BARBOT, 

Druggist. 

The  vocation  of  druggist,  is  an  im- 
portant one,  in  any  community.  On 
their  care,  and  skill,  almost  as  much 
as  that  of  the  medical  profession,  de- 
pends the  physical  welfare,  of  patients. 

Among  the  widely  and  favorably 
known  druggists,  in  Charleston,  may 
be  named,  Mr.  A.  O.  Barbot,  located 
at  No.  48  Broad  street.  The  store,  is 
22x50  feet  in  dimensions,  is  a fine  one, 


144 


City  of  Charleston. 


and  is  made  attractive,  by  neat  show 
cases,  and  ornamental  counters,  and  is 
fitted  up,  with  every  convenience,  es- 
pecially the  prescription  department. 
He  gives  special  attention,  to  carefully, 
accurately,  and  promptly  compound- 
ing physicians’  prescriptions,  and  fam- 
ily recipes.  Mr.  Barbot,  established 
this  business,  shortly  after  the  war,  has 
been  continuously  engaged  in  it  since. 
He  is,  one  of  the  well  known  old  resi- 
dents, of  the  State,  is  a courteous  gen- 
tleman, gives  strict  attention  to  the 
wants  of  his  many  patrons,  and  en- 
joys the  confidence,  of  the  entire  com- 
munity. In  the  store,  he  has  a care- 
fully selected  stock,  of  pure  fresh 
drugs,  and  chemicals,  also  the  leading 
proprietary  medicines,  of  known  stand- 
ard reputation,  and  merit,  also  an  ele- 
gant assortment,  of  toilet  requisites, 
perfumes,  &c.,  and  all  articles,  usually 
to  be  found,, in  a first-class  druggist’s 
establishment.  He  is  a member  of  the 
Pharmaceutical  Society,  is  a reliable 
business  man,  and  a thoroughly  skilled 
pharmacist,  has  a ripe  experience,  in 
this  line  of  business.  He  is  one  of  the 
old  representative  citizens,  of  Charles- 
ton, occupying  a prominent  position, 
in  business  and  social  circles. 

J.  C.  MANDEVILLE, 

House  and  Sign  Painter. 

To  decorate,  adorn  and  beautify,  is 
an  art  of  prime  necessity  in  all  civi- 
lized communities.  When  the  last 
strokes  of  the  mechanic  and  the  arti- 
sans of  all  the  various  branches  of  in- 
dustry called  into  requisition  in  the 
construction  of  our  residences  have 
been  made,  then  comes  the  services  of 
the  painter,  who  transforms  the  pro- 
duct or  result  of  the  labor  of  all  the 
other  mechanic  arts,  into  a thing  of 
beauty,  which  the  poet  tells  us  “ is  a 
joy  forever.”  One  among  the  well- 
known  and  popular  residents  of 
Charleston,  is  Mr.  J.  C.  Mandeville, 
who,  since  1876,  has  been  engaged  in 
business,  as  a house  and  sign  painter, 
and  in  that  line  has  met  with  a most  i 


decided  success,  and  has  achieved  a 
standard  reputation,  for  the  reliable 
character  of  his  workmanship.  Mr. 
Mandeville,  is  a thoroughly  practical 
man,  and  gives  his  personal  attention 
to  all. work  entrusted  to  him.  House, 
sign  and  ornamental  painting,  is  a 
leading  feature.  He  makes  a specialty 
of  graining,  marbling  and  all  kinds  of 
interior  decorations.  The  premises 
utilized  in  this  business  are  centrally 
located,  at  No.  79  Meeting  street,  are 
20x50  feet  in  size,  and  have  every  con- 
venience for  the  prosecution  of  a large 
business.  Mr.  Mandeville,  receives  a 
large  patronage  from  the  residents  of 
Charleston  and  its  vicinity,  calling 
into  requisition,  in  the  busier  seasons 
of  the  year,  the  services  of  twenty 
skilled  painters.  In  its  special  line  of 
business,  this  house  is  not  to  be  sur- 
passed, and  in  all  his  work  will  be 
found  an  originality  of  design,  and 
a harmonious  blending  of  colors,'  that 
stamps  him  at  once  as  being  a thor- 
ough master  of  his  business.  Mr. 
Mandeville  is  a native  of  Charleston, 
and  enjoys  a high  reputation  with  the 
residents  of  the  city,  and  the  surround- 
ing country,  who  appreciate  his  judg- 
ment and  ability,  and  the  care  he 
takes  in  fulfilling  his  orders  and  con- 
tracts, in  the  best  and  most  workman- 
like manner.  Mr.  Mandeville  is  a 
thorough  artist,  and  is  always  ready 
to  negotiate  for  work  of  every  descrip- 
tion, in  his  line  of  business,  upon  the 
most  reasonable  terms.  He  is  favor- 
ably known,  by  a large  circle  of  ac- 
quaintances, is  young,  enterprising 
and  progressive,  and  enjoys  a popu- 
larity and  reputation,  second  to  no 
other  in  the  same  line  of  business. 

J.  R.  SOLOMONS,  M.  D., 
Dentist. 

The  above,  who  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing practitioners  of  Dental  Surgery  in 
Charleston,  was  born  in  this  city,  and 
is  a member  of  the  Charleston  Dental 
Society,  and  of  the  Southern  Dental 
i Association.  Dr.  Solomons,  has  gained 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


45 


a wide-spread  reputation,  and  sustains 
a high  professional  and  social  status 
with  all  who  know  him. 


The  progress  made  in  the  photo- 
graphic art  in  late  years,  is  really  won- 
derful. The  popular  photographer  of 
Charleston,  is  Mr.  Frank  A.  Nowell, 
who  is  pronounced  one  of  the  best. 
Mr.  Nowell,  possesses  a thorough  mas- 
tery of  the  different  methods  and  the 
recent  improvements  in  the  art,  and 
knowing  how  to  give  an  easy  and 
graceful  pose  to  the  sitter  before  the 
camera,  produces  soul-speaking  like- 
nesses, showing  harmony  in  their  com- 
position, and  truth  in  their  outlines. 

This  gallery  was  first  established  by 
Quinby  & Co.,  who  were  succeeded  by 
G.  N.  Barnard,  who  in  turn  was,  in 
1880,  succeeded  by  the  present  pro- 
prietor. He  executes  copies  and  en- 
larges pictures,  in  oil,  crayon,  India 
ink,  water  colors,  &c.,  his  skill  and 
workmanship  being  greatly  admired, 
has  attracted  to  his  handsome  re- 
ception parlors,  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity. His  gallery  occupies  two 
entire  floors  of  No.  263  King  street, 
are  handsomely  furnished,  and  thor- 
oughly equipped,  and  amply  provided 


with  everjr  convenience  for  the  busi- 
ness. His  studio,  is  provided  with 
handsome  scenic  backgrounds,  and 
other  necessary  auxiliaries,  for  pro- 
ducing effective  pictures.  His  rooms 
are  somewhat  peculiar  in  their  ar- 
rangement, the  staircase  being  in  the 
centre,  light  coming  from  a lai’ge  sky- 
light, iii  the  centre  of  the  roof,  its  con- 
struction being  such,  as  to  have  the 
effect  of  making  it  cooler  in  the  sum- 
mer months,  and  more  comfortable  in 
winter.  Mr.  Nowell  first  came  to 
Charleston  in  1870.  He  is  a practical 
man,  acquainted  with  every  detail  of 
the  business,  and  has  won  distinction 
in  the  art  of  which  he  is  a diligent 
scholar  and  lover. 

J.  H.  STEINMEYER, 

Rough  and  Dressed  Lumber  of 
all  Descriptions. 

In  a review  of  the  industries  of 
Charleston,  special  interest  attaches  to 
those  houses,  which  have  been  so  long 
established,  as  to  be  a part  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  city  itself,  and  more  espe- 
cially is  this  true,  when  the  scope  and 
charater  of  the  industry,  are  such,  as 
extend  the  reputation  of  the  city,  into 
distant  parts  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, and  which,  in  the  disbursements 
of  large  sums  to  operatives,  are  justly 
entitled  to  credit,  as  important  factors 
in  developing  the  general  thrift. 

Such  an  industry  is  the  Charleston 
Steam  Saw  and  Planing  Mills,  located 
at  west  end  of  Beaufain  street,  and 
Ashley  River,  of  which  Mr.  J.  II.  Stein- 
meyer,  is  proprietor.  These  mills 
were  established  fifty  years  ago  by  Mr. 
Henry  Clark,  and  Mr.  John  H.  Stein- 
meyer,  the  father  of  the  present  pro- 
prietor, who  died  in  August,  1883, 
when  his  son,  named  after  him,  suc- 
ceeded him,  in  business,  it  being  one 
of  tire  oldest,  largest,  most  widely 
known  establishments  of  the  kind,  in 
South  Carolina.  Connected  with  the 
mill  is  an  extensive  yard,  in  which  is 
kept  a large  stock  of  every  description 
of  seasoned,  dressed  and  rough  lum- 


14G 


City  of  Charleston. 


ber,  also  lumber  in  rafts,  mast  logs 
and  ranging  timber  for  shipping  and 
. other  purposes,  Ac.  Shingles,  laths, 
and  everything  usually  provided  by 
such  an  establishment.  There  is  also 
a wharf  of  five  hundred  feet,  with  a 
draft  of  fifteen  feet  at  low  water.  The 
saw  mill,  contains  a full  equipment  of 
late  improved  machinery,  circular  and 
straight  saws,  &c.  It  has  three  new 
boilers,  and  a new  and  powerful  en- 
gine ; the  planing  mill  is  of  brick.  As 
an  historical  fact,  this  building  was  the 
first  cotton  factory  in  this  State,  and 
is  amply  provided  with  planing, 
moulding,  and  matching  machines,  of 
the  most  approved  patents,  all  of 
which  are  operated,  by  steam  power. 
In  this  mill,  there  are  three  boilers, 
feeding  with  steam,  the  powerful  en- 
gine, by  which  the  works  are  run. 
There  is  also  connected  with  these 
mills,  a large  storehouse,  all  of  brick, 
in  which  the  finer  description  of  lum- 
ber is  kept.  Employment  is  furnished, 
to  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  skilled 
workmen,  in  the  several  departments 
of  this  business.  The  products  of  the 
house,  embrace  everything  in  the  way 
of  flooring,  siding,  moulding,  and  all 
other  planing  mill  work.  Sawing, 
turning,  Ac.,  is  done  to  order,  and 
every  facility,  for  turning  out  work 
promptly,  and  in  the  most  workman- 
like manner,  is  here  enjoyed.  The 
trade  of  this  house  is  very  large,  most- 
ly yellow  pine,  some  cypress,  and  cedar, 
and  sends  its  merchandise,  through- 
out North  America,  West  Indies,  and 
Europe,  the  spars  go  largely  to  Europe. 
The  proprietor  is  also  the  senior  part- 
ner, of  the  firm  Steinmeyer  & Stokes, 
who  for  twelve  years,  have  caried  on 
extensive  timber  and  lumber  mills,  on 
Saltkehatchie  River,  and  Port  Royal 
Railroad,  from  which  they  have  every 
facility,  for  manufacturing,  from  the 
best  quality  of  yellow  pine,  ranging 
timber,  and  lumber  of  all  dimensions, 
and  furnishing  it  in  any  quantity,  and 
transporting  it  by  rail,  and  water.  As- 
sociated with  him—  J.  IT.  S. — are  his 
brothers,  James  W.  and  Chas.  F. 


Steinmeyer,  together  with  Mr.  A.  J. 
Barton,  who  has  been  in  the  employ 
of  this  establishment,  for  the  past 
thirty-five  years,  as  superintendent, 
Mr.  E.  P.  Grice,  bookkeeper  and  ac- 
countant, and  P.  M.  Ruff,  engineer 
and  millwright,  all  natives  of  Charles- 
ton, are  capable  and  efficient  em- 
ployees in  their  respective  depart- 
ments, of  this  most  extensive  establish- 
ment of  its  kind,  in  South  Carolina, 
being  most  indispensable  assistants  to 
the  proprietor,  in  the  supervision  and 
management,  of  this  large  business 
enterprise. 

The  proprietor,  Mr.  John  IT.  Stein- 
meyer, is  a native  of  Charleston,  is  one 
of  its  most  solid  merchants,  is  possess- 
ed of  indomitable  energy  and  great 
business  tact  and  sagacity,  contribut- 
ing probably  as  much  as  anyone  man 
in  it  to  the  growth,  welfare  and  pros- 
perity of  the  place  of  his  nativity. 

bias  been  since  his. eighteenth  year, 
in  this  business ; now  forty-nine  years 
of  age. 

The  following  is  Mr.  J.  PI.  Stein- 
meyer’s  war  record.  He  was  captain 
of  Company  A,  Marion  Rifles,  24th 
Regiment  South  Carolina  Volunteers, 
was  in  command  of  skirmishers  or 
sharpshooters  at  Vicksburg,  under  Gen. 
Stevens,  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  and  again  at  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Georgia.  In  Sherman’s 
pressure  on  General  Johnston,  after- 
ward captured  at  Ship  Gap,  Taylor’s 
Ridge,  while  in  command  of  an  ad- 
vanced guard,  left  to  check  the  pursuit 
of  Hood  by  Sherman,  and  held  a pris- 
oner, for  nine  months,  on  Johnson’s 
Island,  Lake  Erie,  Iris  company  was 
the  only  one  from  this  city,  in  General 
Stevens’  command. 

COHEN  & TRIEST, 

Palace  Dry  Goods  Emporium,  . 
264  King  St. 

It  is  our  aim  in  these  pages,  to  pre- 
sent a brief  and  truthful  statement  of 
the  capacity  and  characteristics  of 
each  industry  in  Charleston,  without 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


147 


making  invidious  comparisons,  and 
thus  lay  before  our  readers,  a reliable 
picture  of  the  several  trade  accommo- 
dations and  advantages  this  city,  has 
to  offer. 

Among  the  extensive  establish- 
ments which  have  attracted  our  no- 
tice, none  deserve  a more  favorable 
consideration,  than  the  widely  known 
Palace  Dry  Goods  Emporium  of 
Messrs.-  Cohen  & Triest. 

The  business,  was  established  about 
twelve  years  ago,  and  has  risen  to  the 
top  of  the  ladder  in  the  fine  retail 
trade.  The  house,  has  become  a favor- 
ite resort,  for  the  consumers  of  fine 
dry  goods  in  this  city  and  vicinity. 
They  occupy  a store  35  feet  by  200  in 
dimensions,  centrally  located  on  the 
busiest  part  of  King  st.  Interiorly  it 
is  admirably  fitted  up,  luxuriantly 
finished,  well  adapted  to  the  business, 
and  divided  into  twenty  different  de- 
partments, each  containing  a large, 
well  assorted  and  carefully  selected 
stock,  of  the  different  lines  of  goods 
they  handle.  Anything  like  a com- 
plete enumeration  of  the  stock,  would 
tax  the  patience  of  our  readers.  Suf- 
fice it  to  say,  that  it  embraces  a com- 
plete assortment  of  American,  English, 
French  and  German  dry  goods,  dress 
goods,  hosiery,  silks,  laces,  embroid- 
eries, gloves  and  fancy  goods,  gents’ 
furnishing  goods,  notions,  ladies  un- 
derwear, etc.,  which  the}r  offer  to  cus- 
tomers at  lowest  prices.  In  the  rear 
of  the  store  is  an  elegant  and  comfort- 
able cloak  room  where  ladies  will 
find  a varied  and  splendid  stock  of 
the.  finest  and  most  fashionable  cover- 
ings, dolmans,  cloaks,  wraps,  man- 
tles, for  ladies,  misses  and  children, 
overlooked  and  attended  to  by  accom- 
plished and  courteous  sales-ladies, 
who  give,  careful  attention  to  the 
wants  of  customers,  and  ladies  shop- 
ping, may  visit  this  establishment 
without  fear  of  being  over-solicited  to 
make  purchases  against  their  judg- 
ment. The  individual  members  of 
the  firm,  Mr.  L.  PI.  Cohen,  and  Mr.  M. 
Triest,  are  both  painstaking  gentle- 


men, and  it  need  not  be  added,  honor- 
able and  reliable  business  men,  who 
conduct  an  establishment  of  which 
Charleston  has  every  reason  to  be 
proud. 

BREWSTER  & BURKE, 
Attorneys  and  Counsellors. 

Mr.  Charles  R.  Brewster  has  been  a 
prominent  feature  at  the  bar  of  Charles- 
ton for  many  years.  He  was  born  at 
Buxton,  York  County,  State  of  Maine, 
on  the  23d  of  July,  1808,  acquired  his 
primary  education  at  the  schools  of 
his  native  town,  prepared  for  college 
at  Gorham  Academy,  and  graduated 
from  Bowdoin  College,  at  Brunswick, 
Maine,  in  1828.  He  studied  law  with 
Messrs.  Rand  & Fiske,  in  Boston,  in 
1830 ; January,  1831,  he  came  to 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  then  and  there 
entered  as  a student,  the  office  of  that 
able  and  eminent  lawyer,  Hon.  Ben- 
jamin Fanueil  Dunkin,  who  was  after- 
wards elected  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  South  Carolina.  Mr. 
Brewster,  continued  his  legal  studies 
in  Charleston  until  1834,  when  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  a general  term 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  said  State, 
held  at  Columbia  in  December  of  that 
year;  he  then  entered  into  copartner- 
ship with  Mr.  Dunkin,  his  preceptor, 
and  practiced  his  profession  for  three 
or  four  years  under  the  firm  name  and 
style  of  Dunkin  & Brewster,  and  upon 
the  election  of  his  partner  as  Chan- 
cellor, formed  a connection  with  the 
Hon.  Henry  Bailey,  then  the  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State,  which  continued 
about  ten  years.  After  Mr  Bailey’s 
death,  this  connection  being  dissolved, 
he  formed  one  with  Alfred  Id.  Dunkin, 
Esq.,  the  son  of  Chancellor  Dunkin, 
under  the  style  of  Brewster  & Dun- 
kin, and  still  later  became  associated 
with  Hon.  Robert  Munro,  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  and  continued 
the  same  for  two  years,  and  down  to 
the  time' of  Mr  Munro’s  election  to  a 
Judgeship.  After  the  war,  the  firm  of 
Brewster,  Spratt  A Burke  was  formed. 


148 


City  of  Charleston. 


This  association  continued  for  three  or 
four  years,  when  Mr.  Spratt  removed 
to  Jacksonville,  Florida.  From  that 
time  the  general  practice  of  the  law 
in  the  State  Courts,  as  also  in  the 
United  States  District  and  Supreme 
Courts,  was  and  is  now  continued  un- 
der the  name  and  style  of  Brewster  & 
Burke,  the  senior  member  having 
many  years  since  been  admitted  as 
Attorney  and  Counsellor,  in  all  the 
United  States  Courts,  and  in  which  he 
has  had  a large  practice,  especially  in 
patent  cases,  having  taken  a promi- 
nent part  amid  the  hosts  of  legal  lu- 
minaries, that  were  engaged  in  the 
heavy  suits  brought  by  Woodworth 
and  his  successor  for  the  many  in- 
fringements of  the  patent  for  that 
world-renowned  and  most  useful  me- 
chanical invention,  ever  conceived  by 
the  genius  of  man,  and  designated  as 
the  Woodworth  Patent  Machine  for 
planing,  tonguing  and  grooving 
boards,  which  suits  were  by  Mr.  Brew- 
ster conducted  in  South  Carolina,  and 
before  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  to  a successful  issue,  vindicating 
the  right  of  great  inventive  gifts,  and 
indefatigable  mechanical  and  scientific 
study,  experiment  and  capital,  to  the 
sole  and  exclusive  rights  of  their  pro- 
duction. These  are  among  the  most 
memorable  and  important  cases  that 
ever  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
United  States  Courts.  This  litigation 
was  pursued  continuously,  and  most 
persistently  for  many  years,  the  suits 
for  the  infringement  of  this  most  valu- 
able of  patents,  possessing  as  it  did  so 
many  points  of  advantage,  over  any 
other  that  had  ever  been  devised  for 
that  purpose,  the  temptation  to  the 
infraction  of  the  patentee’s  rights,  was 
too  great  to  be  overcome,  and  innu- 
merable suits  against  parties  residing 
in  all  of  the  United  States,  most  of 
them  involving  great  amounts,  and  in 
the  aggregate,  a sum  reaching  into  the 
millions,  and  engaging  the  talent  of 
many  of  the  most  renowned  lawyers 
in  almost  all  the  States.  As  a lawyer, 
he  is  thoroughly  well  read,  has  almost 


an  exhaustive  knowledge  of  the  great 
principles  of  legal  jurisprudence,  pos- 
sesses a vigorous  intellect,  a massive 
mind,  and  much  clearness  and  felicity 
of  expression.  As  counsel,  he  is  care- 
ful, painstaking,  deep  and  thorough  in 
investigation,  clear  in  perception,  pro- 
found in  judgment,  and  honorable  and 
conscientious  in  legal  advice.  As  an 
advocate,  he  is  felicitous  in  language 
and  convincing,  and  on  all  occasions 
is  eminently  remarkable  for  fairness 
toward  his  adversary.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  influential  of  the  prominent 
men  of  Charleston,  espousing  with 
earnestness  whatever  measures  he 
thinks  most  conducive  to  the  public 
good,  whatever  in  his  judgment  will 
add  most  to  the  prosperity  and  in- 
crease in  importance  the  community 
in  which  he  resides. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Burke,  the  junior  member 
of  this  firm,  is  a native  of  South  Caro- 
lina, is  a young  man  of  fine  natural 
gifts,  excellent  attainments,  of  much 
varied  information,  read  law  with 
Messrs.  Brewster  & Spratt,  was  an  ear- 
nest and  diligent  student,  and  applied 
himself  with  assiduity  to  reading,  ab- 
sorbing and  making  his  own  a knowl- 
edge of  these  great  legal  principles 
laid  down  in  the  standard  elementary 
works  on  the  various  branches  of  this 
abstruse  science,  and  that  underlay  all 
our  civil  institutions.  He  is  a ready 
and  skilled  practitioner,  and  takes 
charge  of  the  office  business,  prepara- 
tory pleadings,  drawing  deeds,  mort 
gages,  bonds,  and  other  contracts,  and 
drafting  all  kinds  of  legal  documents, 
and  attending  to  all  the  details  of  the 
large  and  extensive  practice  of  this 
well  and  favorably  known  and  much 
esteemed  firm. 

D.  W.  GOTJEN, 

Dealer  in  Choice  Family  Grocer- 
ies, Wines,  Liquors,  Segars, 
Tobacco,  etc. 

180  King  Street. 

Among  the  substantial  stores  on 
King  st.  none  is  more  worthy  atten- 
tion than  that  of  Mr.  D.  W.  Gotjen,  lo- 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


149 


cated  at  the  corner  of  Horlbeck’s  alley. 
The  premises,  having  a frontage  on 
King  of  25  and  on  the  alley  of  75  feet, 
are  well  arranged  and  adapted  for  the 
business.  The  stock,  which  is  large 
and  well  selected,  consists  of  choice 
family  groceries,  teas,  coffees,  sugars, 
spices,  fresh  butter  and  cheese,  canned 
goods  and  table  delicacies,  and,  in  fact, 
everything  which  goes  to  equip  a first- 
class  grocery  store.  In  another  de- 
partment Mr.  Gotjen,  has  a complete 
assortment  of  the  finest  foreign  and  do- 
mestic wines,  from  the  most  famous 
vineyards,  best  Irish  and  Kentucky 
whiskies  and  liquors  for  medicinal 
and  table  uses,  besides  a varied  assort- 
ment of  Cuban  and  American  cigars 
and  tobacco,  of  leading  and  popular 
brands.  He  employs  three  competent 
assistants,  and  to  fulfill  orders  with 
promptitude  keeps  a wagon  constant- 
ly employed.  Mr.  Gotjen  established 
the  business  in  1865,  and  since  has  en- 
joyed a large  patronage,  from  all  parts 
of  the  city.  He  is  a native  of  Hano- 
ver, and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1855,  and  as  a pushing  business  man, 
correct  in  all  his  dealings,  well  mer- 
its the  success  he  has  won.  As  a mem- 
ber of  the  German  Artillery,  he  served 
valiantly  the  Southern  cause  in  the 
late  war,  both  in  S.  C.  and  Ga. 

HENRY  IT.  BOLGER, 

Cabinet  Maker,  Undertaker  and 
Furniture  Dealer, 

Mr.  Bolger,  is  a native  of  Wexford) 
Ireland,  and  emigrated  to  this  city 
in  1826,  and  entered  as  an  apprentice 
the  well  known  house  of  cabinet 
makers  and  undertakers,  Joshua 
Nevill  & Son,  in  Wentworth  street, 
where  the  military  hall  now  stands, 
and  served  his  full  apprenticeship,  un- 
der these  skillfull  and  successful  mas- 
ters. Mr.  Bolger  commenced  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  in  1846,  in 
Meeting  near  Cumberland  st. , in  1847 
removed  to  his  present  business  loca- 
tion, where  he  also  resides,  456  King, 
third  door  above  John  st.  As  a cabi- 


net maker,  he  is  thoroughly  practical, 
and  his  services  are  always  in  de- 
mand. He  also  makes  a specialty  of 
repairing  furniture  of  every  kind  and 
style,  in  the  neatest  and  most  substan- 
tial manner,  and  guarantees  all  work. 
Also  conducts  undertaking  in  all  its 
branches,  funerals  furnished  at  short 
notice  as  per  order.  In  this,  as  Avell  as 
in  all  other  parts  of  the  business  Mr. 
Bolger  attends  in  person,  and  in  this 
calling  he  is  a proficient,  and  enjoys 
the  public  confidence  in  the  highest 
degree.  Orders  attended  with  prompt- 
ness at  all  hours.  Night  bell  attached 
to  the  front  of  premises.  Mr.  Bolger 
is  public-spirited  and  highly  esteemed 
in  the  community,  as  one  of  its  popu- 
lar representative  citizens. 

PUCKHABER  BROS., 
Wholesale  and  Retail  Bakers. 

There  are  but  few  dealers  in  this 
city  who  are  not  familiar  with  the 
variety  Bakery  of  Puckhaber  Bros. 
However,  for  the  benefit  of  our  read- 
ers residing  at  a distance,  a short 
sketch  of  this  enterprise  will  no  doubt 
be  found  interesting.  This  business 
was  established  in  1854,  by  Mr.  F. 
Puckhaber,  a native  of  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, who  came  to  this  city  in  1850, 
and  built  a large  and  remunerative 
trade  throughout  this  city.  The  well 
known  reputation  achieved  by  him  for 
his  pure  and  excellent  bread,  cakes, 
pies,  etc.  justly  entitle  him  to  be  con- 
sidered the  baker  of  Charleston  par 
excellence.  In  1872,  owing  to  the 
death  of  Mr.  F.  Puckhaber,  who 
died  from  the  effects  oi  disease  con- 
tracted while  a soldier  in  the  late  civil 
war,  in  the  Beauregard  Light  Infan- 
try, the  business  has  been  successfully 
conducted  by  his  wife  until  1881,  when 
the  present  proprietors,  J.  H.  and  W. 
H.  Puckhaber,  sons  of  the  lamented  F. 
Puckhaber,  assumed  the  responsible 
duties  of  this  popular  enterprise.  Al- 
though young  men,  they  have  prac- 
tical experience  together  with  superior 
business  qualities,  which  has  made 


150 


City  of  Charleston. 


them  the  representatives  of  the  best 
element  of  our  business  community. 
Both  are  natives  of  this  city.  The 
premises  of  this  concern,  is  located  on 
the  east  side  of  King  street,  No.  490, 
and  consist  of  a three-story  building, 
25-156  feet.  The  store  contains  a large 
and  complete  stock,  of  all  the  varieties 
of  cakes,  biscuits,  wafers,  etc.,  devoid 
of  adulteration  or  deleterious  ingre- 
dients. The  bread  is  made  of  the 
best  material.  Ten  competent  and 
skilled  assistants  are  kept  constantly 
employed  ; also  four  wagons  deliver- 
ing this  indispensable  article,  which 
they  supply  to  hotels,  grocers  and 
families  throughout  this  city.  The 
aim  of  this  house,  has  been,  not  only 
to  gain  custom,  but  to  retain  it,  and 
that  this  has  been  successfully  accom- 
plished, is  evident  in  the  increase  of 
their  business.  We  therefore,  in  call- 
ing the  attention  of  our  readers  to  this 
establishment,  state  the  simple  facts  in 
asserting  that  at  this  house,  can  be 
found  candies  and  confectionery,  cakes 
and  pies,  in  endless  variety,  which, for 
purity  and  fine  flavor,  cannot  be  ex- 
celled in  this  or  any  other  city  in  the 
country.  Orders  are  promptly  and 
faithfully  filled  at  short  notice  and  at 
lowest  prices. 

JOHN  IT.  GRAMAN, 
Druggist, 

Cor.  King  and  Mary  Sts. 

The  drug  store  at  the  corner  of 
King  and  Mary  sts.  has  been  a land- 
mark in  the  city  of  Charleston  for  up- 
wards of  sixty  years,  for  the  first  forty 
years  ot  which  it  was  carried  on  by 
Dr.  C.  Hummel,  and  during  the  pe- 
riod since  the  war  by  its  present  owner. 
The  premises,  which  are  conveniently 
arranged  for  the  business,  have  a 
frontage  on  King  Street  of  20  and  on 
Mary  of  40  feet.  Here  may  be  found 
a full  line  of  drugs  and  medicines  of 
all  descriptions  and  of  the  best  qual- 
ity. A prescription  trade  is  also  done, 
the  greatest  care  being  exercised  by 


the  proprietor,  in  the  compounding  of 
medicines.  In  the  store,  an  able  and 
skilled  clerk  assists  the  proprietor,  in 
the  duties  of  the  business.  Mr.  Gra- 
man  is  a native  of  this  city,  where  he 
is  as  well  known  and  respected  as  any 
one  residing  here.  His  long  experi- 
ence is  the  best  guarantee  of  his  per- 
fect knowledge  of  the  details  of  the 
business,  and  we  are  assured  that  all 
dealing  with  him,  will  find  him  a 
straightforward  gentleman,  with  whom 
to  establish  business  relations. 

F.  J.  LILIENTHAL  & SON, 

Hay,  Grain,  Mill  Feed,  etc.,  and 
Groceries. 

F.  J.  Lilienthal  & Son,  manufactu- 
rers of  grist,  meal,  and  dealers  in  hay, 
grain,  flour,  mill  feed,  &c.,  also  gro- 
ceries, liquors,  segars  and  tobacco,  Nos. 
24  and  26  Beaufain,  between  St.  Phil- 
ip and  Coming  streets.  The  store 
and  mills,  cover  an  area  of  120x200 
feet.  The  mills  are  thoroughly  equip- 
ped with  the  most  modern  machinery 
and  appliances,  driven  by  a fifteen 
horse-power  engine.  This  firm,  are 
the  sole  manufactures  of  the  cele- 
brated Carolina  mills  prepared  flour, 
put  up  and  ready  for  use  in  small  and 
large  packages,  also  in  sacks  and  bar- 
rels. The  different  grades  of  this 
famous  flour  are  known  by  the  color  of 
the  label,  as  follows  : red,  blue,  green, 
and  pioneer  brands.  This  article,  is 
universally  used  by  all  the  hotels,  gro- 
ceries and  private  families  throughout 
this  city,  and  pronounced  with  one  ac- 
cord to  be  the  ne  plus  ultra.  This  flour 
is  warranted  to  be  free  from  alum  or 
other  deleterious  ingredients.  Fresh 
grist  and.  meal,  ground  each  day  ; also 
fresh  supplies  in  hay,  grain,  mill  feed, 
etc.,  constantly  on  hand.  Telephone, 
No.  203. 

This  business  was  established  in  1850. 
It  was  moved  to  its  present  location  in 
1866 ; in  1876  Mr.  Lilienthal  formed  a 
copartnership  with  his  son.  Thestoreis 
large  and  spacious,  is  handsomety  fit- 
ted up,  and  admirably  adapted  for  the 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


151 


business.  The  trade  is  large,  calling 
into  requisition  the  services  of  ten 
competent  assistants,  and  utilizing  two 
trucks  and  two  wagons.  They  carry 
a large,  full,  complete,  and  well  assort- 
ed stock  of  groceries  and  provisions, 
comprising  fresh  crop  teas  from  China 
and  Japan,  fragrant  coffees  from  Mo- 
cha and  Java,  pure  spices,  hermetical- 
ly sealed  goods,  provisions,  the  choicest 
brands  of  family  flour  and  creamy 
butter,  and  all  those  various  articles 
generally  termed  grocers’  supplies,  can 
always  be  had  here,  of  the  best  class 
of  goods  to  be  found  in  the  market. 
The  senior  partner,  is  a native  of  Han- 
over, Germany ; came  to  Charleston 
in  the  neighborhood  of  1850 ; is  one 
of  the  staunch  and  reliable  merchants 
of  the  city,  holding  a prominent  posi- 
tion in  its  social  and  business  circles. 
The  junior  member  of  the  firm,  is  a 
native  of  Charleston,  is  a young  man 
of  rare  business  tact  and  sagacity,  is 
earnest  and  untiring  in  his  efforts  to 
meet  the  large  demands  made  upon 
the  recourses  of  their  house,  by  its 
many  patrons.  They  are  energetic  and 
progressive,  and  their  house  merits 
the  large  measure  of  success  it  enjoys. 

Dr.  W.  R.  BULL, 

Dentist. 

One  of  the  popular  professional  men 
of  Charleston,  is  Dr.  W.  R.  Bull,  whose 
dental  rooms  are  located  at  481  King 
street.  The  Doctor  was  born  in  Barn- 
well County,  and  at  the  age  of  nine 
and  a half  years,  removed  writh  his 
family  to  Charleston.  He  studied  den- 
tistry with  Dr.  Rodrigues.  To  the  call 
of  his  government  for  men  to  support 
in  the  field,  the  cause  which  had  been 
out-voted  in  the  political  arena,  he 
nobly  responded  in  the  fall  of  1860, 
serving  with  his  regiment,  the  “Hamp- 
ton Legion,”  on  the  plains  of  Virginia, 
till  1863.  For  twro  years  after  his  re- 
turn to  the  more  peaceful  paths  of 
life,  he  remained  with  Dr.  W.  S. 
Browm.  In  1866  he  opened  his  owm 
rooms.  In  Charleston  he  is  knowm  as 


a reliable  dentist,  and  numbers  among 
his  patrons  many  of  the  best  families. 
He  has  every  dental  facility  and  ap- 
pliance, wThich,  in  connection  with  his 
recognized  skill,  has  gained  for  him 
an  enviable  reputation.  In  every 
branch  of  his  business,  in  filling  teeth, 
in  all  mechanical  and  surgical  oper- 
ations, he  is  experienced  and  profi- 
cient. He  is  respected  in  the  commu- 
nity as  a sociable  gentleman. 

DR,  W.  CUTTINO  WILBUR, 
Dentist, 

Cor.  Meeting  and  Society  Sts. 

One  of  the  rising  professional  men 
of  Charleston,  is  W.  Cuttino  Wilbur, 
M.  D.,  D.  D.  L.  He  was  born  in  this 
city  and  received  his  earlier  education 
at  the  school  of  that  excellent  teacher, 
Mr.  Sachtleben.  Leaving  there,  he 
took  a full  scientific  course  at  Furman’s 
University  in  Greenville  and  also  stu- 
died two  years  at  the  S.  C.  Med.  Col . from 
which  he  graduated  as  M.  D.  in  1882, 
third  in  his  class.  In  ’81  he  obtained 
the  high  honor  of  2d  place  on  the 
graduation  list,  at  the  Baltimore  Den- 
tal College  in  a class  of  fifty-eight. 
Since  then  he  has  been  practicing 
dentistry,  and  also  studying  medicine 
as  an  auxiliary,  which  gives  him  that 
“ grip  ” in  his  line  of  business  so  many 
lack.  He  is  already  known  through- 
out the  city,  as  a careful  and  reliable 
dentist,  and  numbers  among  his  pa- 
trons many  of  the  best  families  in 
Charleston.  In  his  elegantly  furnished 
and  comfortable  rooms  on  Meeting 
st.,  he  is  provided  with  every  facility 
and  appliance  for  the  painless  extrac- 
tion of  teeth.  He  is  equally  proficient 
in  the  mechanical  or  operative 
branches  of  his  business,  and  is  pre- 
pared to  treat  any  form  of  disease  of 
the  teeth  and  gums.  The  Doctor  is 
valued  in  the  community  for  his  qual- 
ities as  a professional  man  and  a gen- 
tleman. He  at  present  ’ably  fills  the 
position  of  Secretary  to  the  Charleston 
Dent:  Soc.  and  is  a member  of  the 
State  Dent.  Assoc, 


152 


City  of  Charleston. 


E.  ROSENTHAL,  Agt, 

.J  EWELLER. 

Among  the  skilled  practical  watch- 
makers and  jewellers  in  Charleston, 
Mr.  E.  Rosenthal  is  worthy  of  men- 
tion. lie  has  given  many  years’  at- 
tention to  this  special  business,  having 
been  established  in  this  city  since 
1866.  His  store,  25x80  feet,  located  at 
115  Meeting  street,  is  nicely  fitted  up 
and  adapted  to  the  business.  It  con- 
tains a well-selected  assortment,  (the 
stock  being  valued  at  $2,000,)  of 
watches,  clocks,  jewelry,  and  silver- 
ware. He  has  gained  the  reputation 
of  being  a reliable  dealer  and  trust- 
worthy mechanic,  having  special  pro- 
ficiency as  an  expert  in  repairing 
American  and  foreign  watches,  the 
workmanship  being  guaranteed,  he 
never  allows  a watch  to  leave  his 
establishment  unless  it  is  in  perfect 
order.  He  also  repairs  French  and 
American  clocks  and  jewelry,  and 
gives  his  prompt  attention  to  all  work 
left  with  him.  He  employs  a compe- 
tent assistant.  He  is  a native  of  Os- 
nabruck,  Hanover,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1858,  and  during  his 
residence  in  Charleston  has  enjoyed 
the  esteem  of  its  people  as  a first-class 
artist  and  citizen. 

PHILIP  R.  SHAW, 

Dealer  in  Foreign  and  Domestic 

Dry  Goods, 

302  King  St. 

An  extensive  business  is  carried  on 
by  Mr.  Philip  R.  Shaw,  dealer  in 
foreign  and  domestic  dry  goods,  and 
during  the  five  years  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  business  in  Charleston,  has 
established  a substantial  custom.  He 
occupies  a handsome  store  on  King 
street,  which  is  of  ample  dimensions, 
being  22x75  feet,  and  is  fitted  up  in 
the  most  admirable  manner  for  busi- 
ness purposes,  and  contains  one  of  the 
best  assorted  stocks  of  dry  goods,  fancy 
goods,  hosiery  and  underwear  to  be 
found  in  this  section,  embracing  fab- 


rics of  every  kind  in  dress  silks,  wool- 
en mixed  goods,  etc.  Also,  fancy 
goods,  ribbons,  laces,  embroideries, 
trimmings,  gloves,  notions,  etc.  A 
stock  representing  $5,000  or  $6,000  is 
carried,  and  three  courteous  and 
obliging  clerks  are  engaged.  Mr. 
Shaw  has  made  it  a strict  rule  since 
he  entered  business  to  sell  goods  of  the 
very  best  quality,  at  a small  advance 
on  the  original  cost.  He  was  born  and 
bred  in  Charleston,  and  is  a gentleman 
well  known  to  the  community,  and  is 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 

I.  BILLER’S 

New  York  Steam  Dye  House. 

The  New  York  Steam  Dye  House, 
which  has  been  for  several  years  the 
leading  dying  establishment  in  the 
State,  was  founded  in  1870  by  Mr.  I. 
Biller,  its  enterprising  proprietor.  The 
office  and  works  are  centrally  located, 
at  359  King,  near  George  street,  the 
latter  being  provided  with  the  latest 
improved  methods  and  processes,  for 
dying  and  cleaning  Ladies’  and  Gents’ 
garments ; silk  and  woollen  dresses, 
cloaks,  overcoats,  pants,  etc.  Mr.  Bil- 
ler also  undertakes  re-dying  of  piece 
goods  to  any  color,  and  dyes  and 
cleans  lace,  woollen,  crape  and  zephyr 
shawls,  feathers,  gloves,  etc.  A com- 
petent force  of  experienced  workmen 
is  employed,  and  everything  submitted 
to  the  house  is  well  and  nicely  done, 
giving  entire  satisfaction  to  customers. 
Mr.  Biller,  the  sole  owner  of  this  busi- 
ness, is  a native  of  Vienna,  and  came 
to  the  United. Statesjin  1865.  In  busi- 
ness he  has  gained  a large  patronage 
from  the  best  families,  and  others  of 
the  iState,  for  the  excellence  of  his 
workmanship,  and  the  promptness 
with  which  all  orders  are  filled. 

GEO.  BUL WINKLE, 

Choice  Groceries. 

In  our  examination  of  the  various 
groceries  of  Charleston,  we  find  a 
large  number  of  enterprising  houses, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


153 


that  have  built  up  a reputation  for 
fair  dealing  and  reliable  goods,  and 
there  are  none  of  them  of  whom 
these  remarks  are  more  true  than 
of  the  store  of  George  Bui  win- 
kle. This  business  was  first  estab- 
lished in  1868,  at  the  cor.  of  Doughty 
and  Rutledge  streets.  In  1881  he 
moved  to  his  present  location,  which 
consists  of  a store  two  and  a half  sto- 
ries high,  on  a brick  basement  20x70 
feet  in  dimensions.  Here  a choice 
and  complete  assortment  of  staple,  fan- 
cy and  imported  groceries,  teas,  cof- 
fees, spices,  cheese,  butter,  lard,  etc.,  is 
carried,  and  a trade  centres  here,  that 
extends  throughout  the  entire  city,  re- 
quiring a horse  and  wagon  for  the  de- 
livery of  goods,  which  is  done  free  of 
charge  to  his  many  customers.  The 
store  is  handsomely  fitted  up,  the  pro- 
prietor, gives  his  personal  attention  to 
the  filling  of  orders  and  to  the  custom- 
ers ; consequently,  all  goods  sold  by 
him  are  first-class,  and  guaranteed  as 
such.  In  connection  with  the  store,  is 
a neat  and  attractive  sample  room, re- 
plete with  choice  liquors,  wines  of  for- 
eign and  domestic  brands.  Also,  the 
best  cigars  and  tobacco  can  at  all  times 
be  found,  at  reasonable  prices.  Mr. 
Bulwinkle  is  a native  of  Hanover, 
Germany,  and  has  been  a resident  for 
twenty  years  of  this  city.  He  is  well 
known  as  a courteous  gentleman  in 
his  business,  and  has  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  the  community  ; and  all 
dealing  with, him  will  find  him  polite, 
prompt  and  honorable.  He  is  a mem- 
ber of  the  German  Artillery. 

WILLIAM  L.  KING, 

Auctioneer  and  Real  Estate 
Broker. 

Mr.  William  L.  King  is  one  of  the 
representative  men  in  the  auctioneer 
and  real  estate  brokerage  business, 
and  is  pleasantly  located  at  65  Broad 
street.  He  is  specially  engaged  in  the 
sale  and  purchase  of  real  estate,  ex- 
changing property,  and  buys  and  sells 
mortgages,  foreign  drafts,  etc.  He  is  a 
11 


practical  man  of  many  years  experi- 
ence, and  controls  a large  patronage, 
derived  from  all  sections  of  the  coun- 
ty. He  was  engaged  for  many  years 
on  the  “ Charleston  Courier,”  a most 
popular  newspaper,  of  which  his  fath- 
er was  editor  and  proprietor  for  twen- 
ty-five years.  In  the  war  he  was  de- 
tailed for  special  duty  and  relin- 
quished his  service  on  the  “ Courier  ” 
in  ’72,  although  he  still  contributes  to 
journals.  He  also  published  a vol- 
ume in  ’72  on  the  history  of  the  news- 
paper press  of  Charleston,  for  140 
years  back,  and  a revised  edition  in 
1882. 

Mr.  King  was  born  and  bred  in 
Charleston,  and  is,  therefore,  well 
known  to  the  community,  and  is  high- 
ly regarded  for  the  manner  in  which 
he  conducts  business.  He  is  a gentle- 
man of  scholarly  abilities,  and  literary 
attainments,  and  occupies  a lead- 
ing position  in  his  particular  line  of 
business. 

C.  L.  SCHMANCKE, 

Dealer  in  Hay,  Grain,  Grist  and 
Meal,  588  King  Street. 

Among  the  rising  firms  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  citjr  of  Charleston,  that  of 
Mr.  C.  L.  Schmancke  deserves  especial 
mention.  He  opened  business  here  in 
January  last,  and,  by  his  energy  and 
industry,  has  already  placed  himself  in 
the  confidence  of  a large  portion  of  the 
community.  His  stock,  which  never 
averages  less  than  §1500,  consists  of 
all  kinds  of  grain,  and  feed  stuffs,  in- 
cluding wheat,  corn,  rye,  oats,  grist, 
meal,  etc.,  all  alike  reliable  for  their 
first-class  quality.  He  is  assisted  in  the 
business  by  two  competent  employees, 
and  keeps  two  valuable  horses,  and  a 
wagon  and  cart.  This  store,  22x45 
feet,  is  conveniently  arranged  for  the 
business.  His  trade  is  rapidly  extend- 
ing. 

Mr.  Schmancke  is  a man  of  push 
and  great  business  capacity,  and  well 
merits  the  success,  which  has  crowned 
his  enterprise.  He  is  a native  of  Prus- 


154 


City  of  Charleston. 


sia,  and  came  to  this  country  eight 
years  ago,  and  to  South  Carolina  three 
years  later,  since  when  he  has  gained 
the  respect  of  its  people. 

E.  COFFIN, 

Auctioneer,  Broker  and  Real 
Estate  Agent. 

Among  the  various  firms  carrying 
on  real  estate,  auctioneering  and  bro- 
kerage business  in  the  city,  we  take 
pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of 
Mr.  E.  Coffin,  who,  for  now  nine  and 
a half  years,  has  given  his  undivided 
attention  to  the  purchase  and  sale  of 
real  estate,  mortgages,  landed  securi- 
ties, at  public  and  private  sale,  and  to 
auction  sales  at  residences,  s+ores,  etc. 
Also  to  renting  of  houses  and  collect- 
ing rent.  In  his  office,  located  at  20 
Broad  street,  he  employs  two  experi- 
enced clerks.  This  gentleman  is  one 
of  the  reliable  business  men  in  this 
line,  and  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation 
throughout  the  State,  as  well  as  in 
:some  of  the  cities  of  the  North,  where 
he  has  an  increasing  patronage.  He 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  where  he 
has  made  a staunch  name,  and  by  fol- 
lowing a judicious  policy  in  his  deal- 
ings, has  gained  financial  success  and 
won  the  well  merited  confidence  of 
the  community. 

PH.  SCHUCKMANN, 

Fancy  Goods,  etc. 

One  of  the  thorough-going  business 
men  of  Charleston,  is  Mr.  Ph.  Schuck- 
mann,  dealer  in  Fancy  Goods,  etc., 
whose  store  is  an  attractive  resort  to 
the  citizens  in  general.  This  is  an 
old-established  business,  having  been 
founded  in  1840,  by  Mr.  L.  Schuck- 
mann,  father  of  the  present  proprietor, 
the  latter  succeeding  him  in  1850. 
The  store  is  pleasantly  located  at  271 
King  street,  and  is  handsomely  ar- 
ranged for  business  purposes,  18x130 
feet,  in  extent.  The  stock  is  large, 
representing  $10,000  in  value.  The 
business  is  divided  into  several  depart- 


ments, each  branch  being  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  Mr.  Schuck- 
mann.  The  stock  embraces  every  de- 
scription of  Fancy  Goods,  Ladies’  dress 
trimmings,  both  imported  and  domes- 
tic, in  all  the  new  materials  and  most 
desirable  styles.  Upholstery  goods, 
shades,  cords  and  tassels,  also  a fine 
display  of  military  goods,  consisting 
of  banners  and  flags,  embroidered  in 
silk  chenille,  gold  or  silver,  regalia 
trimmings,  velvets,  fringes,  laces,  etc. ; 
also  a fine  assortment  of  worsted  knit- 
ted goods,  such  as  sacques,  shawls,  nu- 
bias, cuffs,  sleeveless  jackets,  Afghans, 
shoes,  leggins,  etc. 

Stamping,  pinking,  and  lessons  in 
embroidery,  a specialty.  Mr.  Schuck- 
mann  was  born  in  Darmstadt,  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1850,  and  en- 
tered into  business,  and  has  by  his 
energy  built  up,  and  gained  a substan- 
tial trade. 

WERNER  IRON  WORKS, 

7 Horlbeck  Alley, 

T.  W.  Sires,  Proprietor. 

The  enterprise  conducted  under  the 
above  title  was  established  thirty  years 
ago  by  Mr.  C.  Werner,  who  was  after- 
wards succeeded  by  his  son  J.  A.  H. 
Werner  and  son-in-law,  T.  W.  Sires. 
In  April  ’82  Mr.  J.  A.  PI.  Werner  died, 
leaving  Mr.  Sires,  as  the  sole  owner  of 
the  establishment. 

The  premises  utilized  by  Mr.  Sires, 
consist  of  a frame  building  36  feet  by 
140,  which  will  soon  be  extended,  to 
meet  the  necessities  of  an  increasing 
trade.  The  products  of  the  house  con- 
sist of  ornamental  cast  and  wrought 
iron,  such  as  fences,  railings,  balconies, 
urns,  stable- fittings,  fountains,  settees, 
aquariums,  verandas,  and,  in  fact,  any- 
thing which  may  be  constructed  of 
the  metal  for  garden,  household  or 
stable  furniture.  Of  the  specialties, 
we  may  mention  Werner’s  Patent 
Awning  Frame,  the  lightness  and 
strength  of  which  places  it  above  sim- 
ilar devices.  The  firm  likewise  re- 
pairs and  properly  adjusts  scales. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


155 


Mr.  Sires,  being  himself  a skilled 
mechanic,  furnishes  appropriate  de- 
signs for  ornamental  work,  including 
signs  of  every  description.  At  the 
works  the  repairing  of  machinery  in 
all  its  branches  is  efficiently  executed, 
and  promptly  attended  to. 

Mr.  Sires  is  a native  of  Charleston, 
and  is  known  to  our  citizens  for  his 
practical  knowledge  of  the  business, 
and  his  character  as  a social  member 
of  the  community. 

GEORGE  LUNZ, 

Manufacturer  of  and  Dealer  in 
Cigars,  Smoking  Tobacco,  and 
Smokers’  Articles. 

The  popular  cigar  store  of  Mr.  Geo. 
Lunz,  has  been  established  four  years, 
and  during  that  period  has  met  with 
that  success  that  is  sure  to  follow  push 
and  vim  and  honorable  dealing.  He 
is  pleasantly  located  at  25  Broad  street, 
and  occupies  a neat  store,  16x20  feet 
in  extent,  and  carries  a stock  va- 
lue of  $3,000,  which  includes  one  of 
the  finest  and  choicest  assortments  of 
cigars  to  be  found  in  the  cit}r,  embrac- 
ing fine  brands  of  domestic  cigars,  as 
well  as  those  imported,  and  also  chew- 
ing and  smoking  tobacco,  the  produc- 
tion of  the  most  noted  manufacturers 
of  the  country,  together  with  smokers’ 
fancy  articles,  and  Florida  curiosities. 
Mr.  Lunz  is  of  foreign  birth,  being  a 
Bavarian ; he  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1868,  and  to  Charleston  five 
years  since,  entered  into  business,  and 
has  secured  a rapidly  augmenting 
custom,  and  his  establishment  is  a fa- 
vorite resort,  for  those  in  pursuit  of  a 
good  fragrant  cigar. 

S.  BROWN, 

Dealer  in  Clothing,  Dry  Goods,  &c. 

Mr.  S.  Brown,  occupies  a leading 
position  in  the  mercantile  community 
in  Charleston.  He  has  an  ample  store, 
wide  double  front,  30x156  feet  in  di- 
mensions, conveniently  arranged,  and 
well  adapted,  for  the  business.  Upon 


his  counters,  will  be  found,  a varied 
assortment,  of  all  kinds  of  men’s,  boys,’ 
and  youths’  clothing,  made  up,  in  the 
best  manner,  from  the  most  desirable 
material,  in  all  the  leading  styles.  In 
one  department,  he  carries  a desirable 
line,  of  furnishing  goods,  for  gentle- 
men, embracing  fine  dress  shirts,  un- 
derwear, collars,  cuffs,  notions  of  all 
kinds,  while  a specialty  is  made  of 
nobby  neckwear.  Mr.  Brown,  carries, 
at  all  times,  a full  assortment,  of  Amer- 
ican, and  foreign  watches,  rich,  and 
artistic  jewelry  of  all  kinds,  embrac- 
ing, rings,  pins,  studs,  ear  pendants, 
bracelets,  lockets,  &c.,  in  gold,  enam- 
eled, or  set  Avith  Ararious  precious 
stones.  In  another  department,  he 
carries  a large,  and  well  assorted  stock 
of  dry  goods,  including  everything,  in 
foreign,  and  domestic  dry  goods.  The 
stock,  in  this  establishment,  has  been 
carefully  selected,  and  is  attractively 
arranged,  and  will  bear  the  most  crit- 
ical examination,  as  Mr.  Brown’s  ex- 
perience, in  this  line  of  business,  en- 
ables him,  to  secure  the  best  goods, 
upon  the  most  advantageous  terms, 
and  sell  them,  at  the  \Tery  lowest  cash 
prices.  This  business,  was  established, 
by  its  present  proprietor,  in  1855,  he 
mo\red  to  the  present  location  eleAmn 
years  since.  The  trade  is  large,  com- 
ing from  all  parts  of  the  State,  is  both 
wholesale,  and  retail,  calling  into  re- 
quisition, the  services,  of  four  efficient 
assistants.  Mr.  BroAvn,  was  born  in 
Prussia,  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1854,  and  located  in  Charleston ; is  an 
active,  progressive  business  man,  and 
is  respected,  and  esteemed,  in  the  social 
and  mercantile  community. 

H.  LEIDLOFF, 

Artistic  Photographer. 

The  establishment  of  Mr.  H.  Leid- 
loff  is  located  at  278  King  street.  He 
has  had  many  years’  experience  in 
the  business,  having  come  to  the 
United  States  in  1872,  and  located 
himself  first  in  Boston,  and  then  in 
New  York  city,  aftenvard  in  Balti- 


156 


City  of  Charleston. 


more,  and  during  the  last  three  years 
he  has  occupied  his  present  location, 
where  he  has  acquired  distinction  as 
being  one  of  the  leading,  most  accu- 
rate, and  accomplished  artists  in  the 
country.  The  studio  is  fitted  up  in  an 
elegant  manner,  and  is  provided  with 
every  facility  and  specialty  for  the 
production  of  perfect,  life-like  like- 
nesses. The  operating  rooms  are  sup- 
plied with  every  accessory  in  the  way 
of  scenery,  back -grounds,  etc.,  so  that 
the  artist  is  enabled  to  produce  a pic- 
ture in  almost  any  style  desired  by 
the  subject.  Mr.  Leidloff  is  a native 
of  Berlin,  and  conducts  a large  busi- 
ness, extending  through  South  Caro- 
lina, Georgia,  Florida,  and  Alabama, 
and  has  gained  a high  reputation  for 
the  manner  all  work  intrusted  to  him 
is  performed.  He  is  ably  assisted  by 
his  wife,  Mrs.  Leidloff,  who  attends  to 
the  reception  room  and  financial  part 
of  the  business.  This  excellent  lady 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  and  has 
made  many  friends  in  the  community. 

R.  GRAHAM  & CO., 

Dealers  in  Horses  and  Mules. 

Among  the  prominent  firms  in  this 
line  of  business,  we  take  pleasure  in 
mentioning  that  of  R.  Graham  & Co., 
whose  stables  are  centrally  located  at 
30  Chalmers  street.  The  premises,  50 
feet  wide,  and  extending  from  street 
to  street,  are  spacious,  well  kept,  and 
thoroughly  ventilated.  The  large  sta- 
ble has  some  65  stalls,  besides  which 
there  is  accommodation  in  comfort- 
able box  stalls  for  the  finest  breed  of 
horses,  of  which  Mr.  Graham  has  al- 
ways a first-class  stock.  On  an  aver- 
age he  will  have  100  head,  -including 
a good  assortment  of  mules.  The 
horses  are  of  all  kinds,  best  blooded 
thoroughbreds  for  ladies  and  gents’ 
riding,  fast  trotters,  wagon,  dray 
horses,  etc.  There  are  employed  six 
competent  assistants.  The  business 
was  established  in  I860,  by  Mr.  Gra- 
ham, when  these  handsome  stables 
were  erected  for  its  requirements,  and 


has,  under  his  able  management,  in- 
creased, till  it  now  enjoys  a patronage 
second  to  none  in  the  State. 

C.  IT.  BEHRE, 

Watchmaker  and  Jeweler, 

527  King  Street. 

The  jewelry  store  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Behre 
has  been  known  to  the  residents  of 
this  vicinity  for  now  thirty  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  the  proprietor  has  car- 
ried on  business  within  fifty  yards  of  his 
present  location.  The  premises  at  428 
King  street  have  a frontage  of  twenty 
and  depth  of  forty  feet.  The  stock  of 
jewelry,  watches,  clocks,  etc.,  is  well 
selected.  In  repairing  jewelry  and 
watches  Mr.  Behre  is  most  skilful,  hav- 
ing had  forty-eight  years’  experience. 

This  gentleman  is  a native  of  Han- 
over, and  came  to  Charleston  in  1850, 
and  ever  since  has  been  known  as  a 
skilful  workman  and  business  man. 

F.  YON  SANTEN, 

Fancy  Bazaar. 

One  of  the  largest,  most  attractive 
mercantile  establishments  in  Charles- 
ton, is  the  confectionery  and  fancy 
goods  house  of  Mr.  Von  Santen.  The 
length  of  time  which  this  well  known 
house,  has  been  before  the  public 
makes  a description  of  the  premises 
and  its  business  a work  of  supereroga- 
tion, but  a complete  picture  of  the 
commercial  importance  of  Charleston 
requires  us,  to  make  special  mention 
of  such  an  establishment  as  that  of 
Mr.  Von  Santen’s.  This  business  was 
established  in  1850  by  Messrs.  Von 
Santen  and  Bain,  and  was  continued 
under  such  name  and  style  for  six 
years,  when  the  senior  partner,  hav- 
ing purchased  the  interest  of  the 
junior  member,  became  the  sole  pro- 
prietor, having  moved  the  business  to 
its  present  location  three  years  since. 
This  house  is  the  largest  and  most 
important  in  its  line,  of  any  outside  of 
New  York,  and  has  few  rivals  even 
there.  It  is  the  only  concern  in  this 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


157 


city,  importing  a full  line  of  French 
confectionery  in  all  its  varieties, 
making  on  the  premises  plain  and 
fancy  (so  termed,  home-made)  stick 
candies,  and  wholesaling  and  retailing 
extensively  toys  and  holiday  goods. 
All  the  latest  novelties  imported  into 
this  city,  which  are  suitable  for  wed- 
ding, birthday  and  holiday  presents 
can  be  found  here.  The  premises 
utilized  for  this  business,  is  a three- 
story  brick  building  25x110  feet  in  di- 
mensions, has  an  attractive  exterior, 
two  immense  plate  glass  windows  in 
which  is  displayed  some  of  the  most 
showy  of  its  goods.  The  great  con- 
sumption of  all  kinds  of  confectionery, 
has  made  its  manufacture  a very  im- 
portant industry  in  this  country,  and 
Mr.  Yon  Santen  stands  among  the 


leading  representatives  of  the  trade  in 
South  Carolina,  The  high  reputation 
borne  by  this  house,  is  based  upon  its 
strict  adherence  to  the  belief  that  pure 
goods  would  make  their  own  market, 
and  sell  themselves  on  their  merits. 
It  has  therefore  been  the  policy  of 
this  house  to  offer  their  goods  without 
misrepresentation,  believing  that  as 
customers  recognized  the  fact,  they 
could  hold  the  trade  to  the  use  of  pure 
candies.  That  such  has  been  the  fact, 
is  evidenced  by  the  trade  of  this 


house,  which  extends  throughout  the 
South.  It  manufactures  a larger 
amount  of  ice  cream,  than  any  other 
in  South  Carolina.  Its  average  pro- 
duction during  the  summer  months,  is 
five  hundred  quarts  daily,  and  of  a 
quality  that  cannot  be  surpassed.  The 
apartment  for  the  manufacture  of  the 
ice  cream  is  in  the  rear  of  the  store, 
has  twenty  Mills’  patent  freezers,  with 
capacity  of  forty  quarts  in  twenty  min- 
utes each ; also,  large  storage  ca- 
pacity, the  vessels  being  lined  with 
porcelain  instead  of  tin,  thus  avoid- 
ing all  danger  from  “ metallic  fla- 
vor.” He  has  also  a small  cake 
bakery  to  supply  a choice  fancy  cake, 
to  be  eaten  with  the  cream.  The 
salesroom,  is  entitled  to  be  called  a 
mercantile  palace;  it  is  most  elabo- 
rately finished,  no  expense  being- 
spared  in  its  fittings.  It  has  through 
the  center  and  on  either  side  most 
elegantly  mounted  French  plate  glass 
show  cases,  filled  with  as  large,  full 
and  complete  an  assortment  of  all 
kinds  of  toys  and  fancy  goods,  from 
the  most  expensive  German,  French, 
English  and  Chinese  to  the  plainer 
and  simple  articles  in  these  lines, 
manufactured  in  our  own  country. 
Here  can  be  had  wax  dolls  in  endless 
variety ,F rench  dolls  and  dolls’  outfits, 
dolls’  bodies,  drums,  trumpets,  guns, 
swords,  soldier  caps,  rubber  toys,  tin, 
pewter  and  iron  to}rs,  children’s  car- 
riages and  velocipedes,  wagons,  carts, 
card  cases,  also  fancy  work  baskets, 
China  ornaments  and  figures,  China 
tea  sets,  mugs,  China  and  glass  vases, 
stereoscopes  and  views,  perfumery, 
soaps,  brushes,  photograph,  auto- 
graph and  scrap  albums,  rubber  goods 
such  as  clothing,  nurse  sheeting;  in 
fact,  nothing  hardly  can  be  thought 
of,  in  the  way  of  fancy  goods  or  toys, 
devised  to  please  and  amuse  and  enter- 
tain, that  cannot  be  procured  at  this 
store.  The  stock  carried  by  this  gen- 
tleman in  the  several  departments,  has 
a representative  value  of  twenty  thou- 
sand dollars.  He  represents  the  re- 
nowned house  of  H.  Mail  lard  of  the 


158 


City  of  Charleston. 


city  of  New  York,  in  the  States  of 
South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Florida. 
The  trade  done  by  this  establishment 
is  immense,  extends  throughout  most 
of  the  Southern  States,  will  aggregate 
several  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars annually,  and  calls  into  requisi- 
tion the  services,  of  twenty  competent 
and  courteous  assistants,  in  the  several 
departments,  to  meet  its  requirements. 
Mr.  Fred  Von  Santen,  is  a native  of 
Ha  nover,  came  to  this  country  in 
1847,  clerked  it  for  three  years,  and 
then  established  himself  in  this  busi- 
ness. He  is  a social,  pleasant,  genial 
man,  agreeable  to  meet.  He  is  an  ac- 
tive and  progressive  business  man, 
and  from  his  liberal  and  honorable 
business  methods,  has  attracted  to  his 
establishment,  a trade  that  cannot  be 
surpassed  by  any  other  house  in  the 
South,  engaged  in  that  line  of  busi- 
ness. 


J.  IT.  LIVINGSTON, 

United  States  Marshal  for  South 
Carolina. 


The  most  important  public  office,  in 
connection  with  the  administration  of 
the  judicial  department  of  the  United 
States  Government,  is  that  of  a United 
States  Marshal.  Recent  political  his- 
tory, shows  that  emergencies  do  arise, 
wherein  the  qualities  and  capacities  of 


the  incumbent  of  this  position,  should 
be  equal  almost  to  those  possessed  by 
the  Judges  of  those  Courts,  whose  writs 
and  precepts  it  is  a part  of  the  duty  of 
their  office  to  execute. 

In  the  administration  of  justice,  in 
the  conduct  of  our  Municipal,  State, 
and  National  Governments,  questions 
frequently  arise,  that  call  for  the  nicest 
discrimination,  making  it  necessary 
that  this  officer,  for  the  wise  and  judi- 
cious discharge  of  his  duties  should  be 
somewhat  versed,  in  the  art  of  govern- 
ment, should  be  possessed  of  some  con- 
siderable political  ability. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Livingston,  the  United 
States  Marshal  for  South  Carolina,  has 
had  extensive  and  varied  political  ex- 
perience, and  is  possessed  of  those 
qualities,  that  eminently  fit  him  for 
this  position.  He  was  borh  in  Orange- 
burg County,  South  Carolina,  was  edu- 
cated at  Greenville.  The  war  between 
the  States  breaking  out,  with  patriotic 
ardor  he  entered  the  service  as  private 
of  Company  D,  20th  South  Carolina 
Infantry,  and  was  during  his  service, 
in  his  native  State,  and  Virginia.  After 
the  war,  he  went  into  the  planting  and 
naval  store  business,  in  which  he  is 
still  engaged.  He  is  one  of  South 
Carolina's  most  public-spirited  citizens, 
taking  an  active  interest  in  all  mat- 
ters, he  believes  will  be  conducive  of 
the  public  good,  has  from  the  attain- 
ment of  his  majority,  taken  a con- 
spicuous part  in  politics,  has  always 
been  found  at  the  post  of  duty,  when 
public  interests  required  his  services, 
serves  as  delegate  to  the  State  Conven- 
tions, from  his  district,  served  one 
term  from  1874  to  1876  as  County 
Treasurer,  of  the  County  of  Orange- 
burg, as  Sheriff  of  that  County,  1876 
to  1880,  and  was  on  10th  of  July,  1883, 
appointed  to  the  present  position  by 
the  President,  and  entered  upon  the 
discharge  of  its  duties  July  27th,  1883. 
Personally  he  is  very  popular,  and  de- 
servedly bears  the  highest  of  reputa- 
tions, as  an  honorable  and  upright 
citizen,  and  a talented  and  painstaking 
public  official. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


159 


Col.  SAMUEL  WICLIFF  MELTON, 
U.  S.  Attorney  S.  C. 

To  write  the  biography  of  one  whose 
life  has  been  uniformly  commendable, 
is  a work  agreeable  enough  to  con- 
ceive of,  hut  difficult  of  judicious  exe- 
cution. Samuel  Wicliff  Melton,  de- 
scended from  an  old  Scotch-Irish 
Presbyterian  family ; was  born  in 
Yorkville,  S.  C.,  7tli  February,  1830. 
He  received  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  the  education,  which  through 
life  has  distinguished  him,  graduating 
from  it  with  distinction  in  December, 
1852.  He  immediately  chose  the  pro- 
fession of  the  journalist,  and  during 
1853  and  1854  edited  the  Chester 
Standard.  Returning  to  his  native 
town,  he  started  the  Yorkville  Enquirer, 
a paper  which  is  still  the  most  potent 
weekly  in  the  State.  In  1859  he  re- 
signed his  position  as  editor.  In  1856 
he  commenced  the  study  of  that  ab- 
struse science,  in  the  prosecution  of 
which  he  was  afterwards  to  occupy 
such  a prominent  place,  (in  the  office 
of  George  W.  Williams,  Esq.,  at  York- 
ville,) and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1857.  He  continued  practice  till  the 
ominous  thunder  of  Forts  Sumter  and 
Moultrie  roused  the  nation  from  its 
repose,  and  in  April,  1861,  took  up 
arms  in  his  country’s  cause,  as  aide  of 
Brigadier  General  M.  L.  Bonham.  In 
the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Adjutant  General, 
with  the  rank  of  Major,  and  assigned 
to  the  staff  of  Major  General  G.  W. 
Smith,  commanding  Second  Corps  of 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  re- 
maining with  it  till  September,  1862, 
when  Smith  took  command  of  the 
Army  of  Southern  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  with  headquarters  at  Rich- 
mond. In  February,  1863,  upon  the 
resignation  of  General  Smith,  he  was 
assigned  to  duty,  with  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  in  the  Adjutant  Gene- 
ral’s Department,  assuming  arduous 
duties  in  the  War  Department  at 
Richmond.  Here  he  gained  the  ex- 


haustive knowledge  of  Confederate 
affairs,  which  few  men  living  possess, 
and  when  the  Cabinet  determined  to 
leave  Richmond,  was  conducting  the 
business  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War.  In  company  with  Secretary 
Breckinridge,  on  the  3d  of  April, 
1865,  he  left  the  capitol  and  joined 
President,  Davis’  party  at  Greensboro, 
N.  C.,  continuing  with  it  till  they  ar- 
rived at  Cokesbury,  S.  C.,  where  Gene- 
ral Gary  and  himself  remained,  the 
party  proceeding.  To  Colonel  Melton’s 
history  as  a soldier  there  is  little  occa- 
sion to  refer.  His  record  is  traced,  in 
almost  every  memorable  engagement 
along  the  lines  of  the  James  and  Po- 
tomac, from  the  brilliant  triumph  of 
first  Manassas,  the  siege  at  Yorktown, 
at  Williamsburg,  Seven  Pines,  the 
seven  days’  battle  around  Richmond, 
the  campaign  in  February,  1863,  in 
North  Carolina,  to  Drury’s  Bluff  in 
May,  1864.  Marked  as  was  his  mili- 
tary career,  Col.  Melton  has  won  as 
distinguished  and  lasting  honors  in 
his  profession.  After  peace  was  de- 
clared he  moved  to  Columbia,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  practiced 
law  as  a member  of  the  firm  of  Arthur, 
Melton  & Melton,  afterwards  Carroll, 
Melton  & Melton.  In  February,  1870, 
he  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  of  the 
Fifth  Judicial  Circuit,  including  Co- 
lumbia, for  the  unexpired  term  of 
Judge  Boozer,  and  in  December,  1871, 
was  re-elected  for  four  years.  In  De- 
cember, 1872,  he  was  elected  Attorney 
General  of  the  State,  ably  executing 
the  requirements  of  this  responsible 
office  till  May,  1876,  when  he  resigned. 
During  this  term,  he  was  earnestly 
engaged  in  protecting  the  State  against 
the  corruption  and  debauchery  of  that 
period.  The  records  will  show,  that 
when  Judge  Melton  assumed  the  du- 
ties of  this  office  the  debt  of  the  State 
was  about  twenty-one  millions  of  dol- 
lars, made  up  in  large  measure  of 
fraudulent  obligations  issued  during 
the  administration  of  Governor  Scott, 
and  that  when  he  left  the  office  of 
Attorney  General,  the  debt  had  been 


160 


City  of  Charleston. 


established  at  less  than  seven  millions 
of  dollars,  less  than  the  valid  debt  ex- 
isting when  reconstruction  began  in 
1868,  and  this  achievement  was  due, 
in  great  measure,  to  the  untiring  efforts 
of  this  officer,  against  the  protest  of 
the  great  majority  of  his  party.  At 
the  same  time  he  practiced  law  as  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Melton,  Cham- 
berlain & Wingate,  continued  as  Mel- 
ton & Wingate  to  January,  1879,  and 
then  with  W.  A.  Clark,  under  the 
name  of  Melton  & Clark.  He  was 
appointed  United  States  Attorney  for 
District  of  South  Carolina  in  May, 
1881,  still  discharging  the  weighty  ob- 
ligations of  this  position  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  Federal  government, 
and  all  who  regard  as  of  first  import- 
ance, the  vigorous  and  honest  enforce- 
ment of  the  law.  He  is  now  in  part- 


nership with  Mr.  Wingate,  following 
the  pursuits  of  his  profession  through- 
out the  State,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
members  of  the  South  Carolina  Bar. 
Giving  close  attention  and  study  to 
all  branches  of  law,  although  defend- 
ing and  fighting  for  the  fundamental 
constitutional  right  of  a Republic,  the 
“purity  of  the  ballot  box,”  he  has 
never  been  classed  among  those  poli- 
ticians, so  odious  to  a free  people,  the 
office  seekers,  having  held  only  those 
positions  reserved  for  the  ieading 
members  of  his  profession.  Inspired 
with  a zeal  and  a sense  of  right  in  his 
convictions,  holding  tenaciously  to  a 
purpose,  he  has  gained  and  is  gaining 
ground,  and  his  untiring  efforts  will 
yet  be  rewarded  with  that  success, 
which  must  finally  attend  those  who 
work  for  an  honest  ballot. 


Original  Design 
T.  B.  JOHNSTON, 
Collector  of  Customs. 

The  above  gentleman,  who  has  re- 
sided in  Sumter  County  since  the  war, 
and  was  two  years  postmaster  at  Sum- 
ter, in  January,  1882,  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Customs  of  the  port  of 


of  Custom  House. 

Charleston,  since  which  time  he  has 
ably  filled  this  most  responsible  posi- 
tion, discharging  its  onerous  duties 
with  a disregard  of  self.  He  is  highly 
esteemed  by  the  community,  as  a care- 
ful and  successful  merchant,  a faithful 
public  servant,  and  gives  undoubted 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


161 


satisfaction  to  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, as  a reliable  and  honorable  re- 
presentative, in  the  important  depart- 
ment of  which  he  is  chief. 

JOHN  H.  OSTENDORFF, 

Deputy  Collector  of  Customs. 

Mr.  OstendorfF,  the  efficient  Deputy 
Collector  of  Customs  of  Charleston,  is 
a gentleman  who  has  led  a most  active 
and  interesting  career,  varied  between 
mercantile  and  political  avocations. 
Born  and  reared  in  Charleston,  he 
commenced  his  life  pursuits  as  a flour 
merchant.  After  the  war,  he  became 
a member  of  the  firm  of  Stenhouse  & 
Co.,  engaged  in  the  flour,  grain,  and 
feed  business,  having  a house  in 
Charleston  and  Savannah.  They  did 
a large  and  lucrative  business,  up  to 
the  time  of  the  retirement  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  from  his  mercan- 
tile avocations,  and  his  entrance  upon 
his  more  active  political  career.  In 
the  Greeley  movement,  in  1872,  he 
was  active  and  energetic,  and  inde- 
fatigable, in  his  labors  on  behalf  of  the 
Republican  nominees.  He  wras  then 
appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Charles- 
ton County,  and  served  for  a term  of 
four  years.  In  1876  was  elected  Clerk 
of  Charleston  County  Court ; served 
for  four  years,  and  again  ran  for  this 
position ; was  re-elected,  but  was  count- 
ed out.  In  recognition  of  his  zeal 
and  fidelity  to  the  public  good,  in  all 
the  political  trusts,  that  had  been  con- 
fided to  him,  and  of  his  eminent  fit- 
ness for  the  position,  he  was,  in  June, 
1881,  appointed  assistant  postmaster 
for  Charleston,  the  duties  of  which 
responsible  position,  he  filled  with 
marked  ability,  and  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  the  citizens  of  this  place, 
and  to  the  benefit  of  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment, till  June,  1882,  wThen,  retiring 
from  this  to  assume  the  more  arduous 
and  responsible  labors  of  a higher 
trust,  he  assumed  the  duties  of  the 
Deputy  Collector  of  the  port  of  Charles- 
ton, and  which,  as  all  his  other  po- 
litical positions,  he  is  discharging  cre- 


ditably to  himself  and  most  acceptably 
to  the  people.  He  is  an  enterprising 
and  most  progressive  man,  commands 
the  respect,  esteem  and  confidence  of 
his  fellow-citizens ; is  a leading  and 
representative  man  in  his  party ; is 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  Com- 
mittee for  Berkeley  County ; is  a prom- 
inent and  influential  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellow's 
and  of  the  Knights  of  Pithias.  Per- 
sonally, Mr.  OstendorfF  is  very  popu- 
lar, and  deservedly  bears  the  highest 
of  reputations  as  an  honorable  public 
official  and  upright  member  of  the 
community. 

W.  M.  FINE, 

Boarding  Officer  and  Chief  In- 
spector of  Vessels. 

One  of  the  most  important  offices, 
in  connection  with  the  governmental 
department  in  a sea  port,  is  that  of 
boarding  officer  and  inspector  of  ves- 
sels. The  position  requires  a man  of 
strict  probity  and  innate  honesty,  cor- 
rect in  his  methods,  with  great  power 
of  observation,  and  untiring  in  his 
efforts  to  effect  thoroughness  of  inspec- 
tion. Such  an  one  is  Mr.  W.  M.  Fine, 
who  has  efficiently  attended  to  the 
arduous  duties  of  this  position  since 
1st  June,  1882.  Mr.  Fine,  was  born  in 
Clinton,  N.  J.,  1844,  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  schools  of  his  native 
State  and  in  Philadelphia.  He  studied 
dentistry  with  his  father  many  years, 
and  came  South  to  Columbia  in  1869. 
From  1874  to  1876  he  ably  represented 
on  the  board  of  aldermen  the  2d  ward, 
Columbia,  under  Mayor  Agnew,  per- 
forming his  obligations  in  these  troub- 
lous times,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  com- 
munity. In  1880  and  1881  he  was 
connected  with  the  Internal  Revenue 
Service,  hunting  out  these  law-breakers, 
the  most  difficult  of  all  to  detect,  illicit 
distillers,  more  impressively  known  as 
“ moonshiners.”  On  the  1st  of  June, 
1882,  because  of  his  having  shown  an 
entire  fitness,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
collector  of  the  port,  to  his  present  re- 


162 


City  of  Charleston. 


sponsible  post,  and  has  since  faithfully 
served  the  Federal  Government.  Act- 
ive in  body  and  equally  quick  in  his 
power  of  observation,  grasping  all  the 
features  of  a situation,  which  other 
men  would  take  a considerable  time  to 
ferret  out,  added  to  his  knowledge  of  the 
outs  and  ins  of  a vessel,  no  one  could 
be  a happier  choice,  than  Mr.  W.  M. 
Fine.  In  politics  he  has  always  taken 
an  active  part,  and  among  the  many 
places  he  has  held,  was  delegate  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Convention 
which  nominated  Garfield. 

J.  E.  IIAGOOD, 

Clerk  of  United  States  District 
Court,  District  of  S.  C. 

Mr.  Idagood  is  a native  of  Pickens 
County,  S.  C.,  graduated  at  the  High 
School  in  this  place,  of  which  that 
eminent  scholar,  Mr.  Kennedy,  was 
principal.  After  finishing  his  collegi- 
ate studies,  he  went  to  the  place  called 
Twelve-Mile,  and  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business,  until  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Pick- 
ens County,  and  continued  in  the  sat- 
isfactory discharge  of  the  duties  of 
this  position,  up  to  the  time  of  the 
breaking  out  of  and  during  the  late 
war.  After  the  war  he  commenced  and 
assidulously  pursued  the  study  of  the 
law  until  1869,  when  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  at  a general  term  of  the 
Supreme  Court  held  in  his  County. 
Pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  his  native  place  until  1873,  when 
he  was  appointed  to  his  present  posi- 
tion. Mr.  Idagood,  though  a staunch 
Republican,  has  ever  been  indepen- 
dent of  the  trammels  of  Boss  rule,  and 
while  as  a patriotic  citizen,  he  takes  an 
earnest  and  anxious  interest  in  the  su- 
premacy of  that  party  whose,  policy 
he  believes  to  be  most  conducive  to 
the  public  good,  and  whose  ad- 
ministration he  thinks  will,  inure 
most  to  the  country’s  prosperity,  he 
has  never  yet  desired  to  be  a candi- 
date for  anj'  elective  office.  An  able 
and  successful  lawyer,  he  has  conduct- 


ed cases  of  great  magnitude,  to  a suc- 
cessful issue,  and  has  a well  earned 
reputation,  both  as  a practitioner,  a 
careful  and  efficient  public  officer,  dis- 
charging its  multifarious  duties,  with 
great  professional  sagacity,  and  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  appointing 
power,  the  bar,  and  the  public  gene- 
rally. He  is  a prominent  Mason,  and 
formerly  took  a very  active  interest  in 
the  affairs  of  this  fraternity,  is  a mem- 
ber of  the  Pendleton  Lodge,  No.  34, 
A.  F.  M.,  has  taken  a high  degree, 
and  since  twenty-one  years  of  age 
ex-Master  of  Keowee,  No.  79,  Royal 
Arch  and  Council  Mason. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Idagood,  Jr.,  Deputy  Clerk 
of  the  above  Court,  is  also  a native  of 
Pickens  County,  was  educated  at 
Charleston,  and  entered  upon  his  life 
pursuits  in  1877,  in  the  above  position. 
He  is  progressive,  painstaking  and 
faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  official 
duties.  He  is  a genial  }7oung  man, 
takes  an  active  interest  in  military 
matters,  is  a member  of  the  famous 
time-honored  organization,  the  Wash- 
ington Light  Infantry,  which  dates  its 
birth  back  to  1807. 

C.  KERRI  SON,  Jr., 

Register  Mesne  Conveyance, 
Charleston  County. 

One  of  the  most  indefatigable,  faith- 
ful and  efficient  public  officers  of 
Charleston,  is  Major  Charles  Kerri  son, 
Jr.  By  far  the  most  important  of  all 
the  departments  of  the  County  govern- 
ment is  that  of  Register.  This  officer, 
has  supervision  and  control  of  all  the 
books,  containing  the  transcripts  of  the 
original  grants,  or  patents,  as  they  are 
sometimes  called,  and  all  the  mesne 
conveyances,  down  to  the  deed  under 
which  the  present  owner  holds  and  re- 
tains his  landed  possessions  in  this 
County.  Every  occupant  or  claimant 
of  realty,  if  his  alleged  title  should 
be  Avell  founded,  should  be  able  to  de- 
duce from  the  books  of  record  in  the 
Register’s  office,  his  right  to  the  same. 
These  patents  or  grants,  embracing,  as 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


163 


they  did,  large  tracts,  consisting  of 
thousands  of  acres,  were  described  in 
such  pb  raseology,  and  were  determined 
by  such  modes  of  measurement,  as 
is  used  in  the  description  of  farm 
lands,  and  which,  after  having  been 
incorporated  into  a city,  divided  by 
its  streets,  lanes  and  avenues,  into 
blocks  and  squares ; and  these  again 
into  building  lots,  new  starting  points 
had  to  be  made,  and  new  and  simpler 
methods  of  measurement  were  adopt- 
ed. Lands  are  sold  by  the  foot,  instead 
of  the  a'cre.  All  the  mesne  or  inter- 
mediate conveyances,  from  the  date  of 
the  city’s  charter,  have  to  be  recorded 
in  this  office.  There  is  in  all  the  work 
a supreme  necessity,  of  the  utmost  pre- 
cision and  exactness,  of  the  most  un- 
erring certainty  in  transcribing  into 
the  books  here  kept  for  that  purpose, 
the  very  words  and  figures,  to  the 
noting  every  interlineation  and  era- 
sure, every  note  and  memorandum  of 
any  mistake,  and  its  correction  by  the 
scribe  or  attorney  of  the  instrument 
offered  for  record.  There  is  also  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  what  consti- 
tutes a legal  execution  of  all  papers 
subject  to  record,  requisite.  The 
amount  of  property  sold  and  trans- 
ferred by  these  instruments,  represent 
generally  a much  greater  money  value, 
than  most  mercantile  transactions ; 
the  property  concerned  is  not  suscepti- 
ble of  delivery.  Frequently,  transfers 
are  made,  where  there  is  no  visible 
change  of  possession  ; the  same  occu- 
pancy of  the  property  sometimes  con- 
tinuing years  after  change  of  owner- 
ship ; frequently  all  the  witnesses  to 
change  of  ownership  being  dead,  or 
their  whereabouts  being  unknown. 
To  provide  against  such  contingencies, 
a place  where  these  sales  of  realty  may 
be  recorded,  and  to  which  interested 
parties  may  have  recourse  to  protect 
themselves,  against  the  consequence  of 
loss  or  destruction  by  fire,  or  other 
casualty  or  accident,  of  the  original 
instrument,  in  all  the  Counties  of  the 
State,  Registers’  officers  are  instituted. 
Here  every  record  of  the  sale  or  trans- 


fer in  any  way  of  real  property  and 
chattels  (when  mortgaged)  is  carefully 
preserved  verbatim,  and  forms  the  only 
legal  title  and  guarantee  to  the  owner- 
ship of  real  estate  in  existence.  It  is 
thus  eminently  necessary  to  have  at 
the  head  of  this  office  a gentleman  of 
practical  skill  and  talent,  of  large  ex- 
perience and  unsullied  reputation; 
and  in  these  respects  Col.  Kerrison  is 
eminently  well  qualified  for  this  posi- 
tion. “From  various  causes,  extend- 
ing over  a period  of  very  many  years, 
the  records  and  indexes  in  the  office  of 
the  Register  of  Mesne  Conveyance,  for 
Charleston  County,  had  fallen  into  so 
much  confusion  as  to  be  very  unreli- 
able, making  the  examinations  into 
titles  not  only  very  laborious,  but 
doubtful,  from  the  wrongful  recording 
and  from  the  want  of  proper  index- 
ing.” Major  Kerrison  inaugurated 
proceedings,  whereby  a revision  of  the 
records  and  indexes  from  1800  to  1881 
was  ordered  by  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina.  “ This  has  been  efficiently 
done,  and  the  result  is  an  accuracy  as 
great  as  can  be  attained,  in  such  lex- 
icographical indexes,  so  what  pre- 
viously required  days  of  searching,  is 
now  accomplished  in  a few  hours.  By 
this  the  labor  of  searching  titles,  and 
making  abstracts  has  been  greatly  les- 
sened, and  the  security  to  the  com- 
munity largely  increased.”  Some  idea 
of  the  magnitude  of  the  labor  will  be 
obtained,  when  it  is  stated  that  over 
one  million  of  lines  were  written  in 
the  arranging  the  indexes.”  “To  the 
bar  and  the  community  at  large,  the 
facilities  afforded  by  the  re-arrange- 
ment,  as  well  as  the  confidence  which 
may  now  be  placed  in  the  fidelity  and 
accuracy  of  the  indexes  and  records, 
are  of  inestimable  value.”  This  is  the 
most  important  reformation  ever  made 
in  this  department,  calling  into  requi- 
sition the  assistance  of  seventy-five 
clerks.  “ To  show  the  nature  of  this 
revision,  the  writer  will  state  but  a 
single  instance.  Many  years  ago,  a 
lessor  of  the  name  of  Cromwell,  exe- 


164 


City  of  Charleston. 


cutecl  a conveyance,  the  then  record- 
ing officer,  in  copying  the  conveyance, 
wrote  the  lessor’s  name  as  Cornwall, 
and  as  a matter  of  course  it  was  in- 
dexed under  the  name  of  Cornwall. 
In  examining  the  indexes,  as  now  pre- 
pared, it  became  necessary  to  examine 
for  this  conveyance,  and  necessarily  no 
conveyance  by  the  name  of  Cromwell 
could  be  found.  The  original  deed, 
with  its  endorsed  certificates  of  record, 
was  produced,  and  then  the  error  of 
many  years  ago  was  first  ascertained. 
The  clerks  now  making  the  final  re- 
vision are  engaged  in  the  endeavor  to 
correct  just  such  kinds  of  errors — 
errors  which  no  examination  of  the 
records  will  show,  for  the  record  itself 
is  error,  but  which  outside  papers  can 
only  discover.”  The  above  extracts 
are  taken  from  the  report  of  a com- 
mission of  three  members  of  the  bar 
of  Charleston,  to  the  honorable  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  ap- 
pointed to  supervise  the  expenditures 
made  in  the  necessary  improvements 
in  the  indexes  to  the  records,  and  to 
the  records  in  the  office  of  Mesne  Con- 
veyance of  Charleston  County. 

Major  Charles  Iverrison,  Jr.,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  was  educated  at 
Wilson  Bros’,  school;  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  entered  into  the  hardware 
business,  in  the  house  of  John  Graveley 
& Co.  In  1861,  entered  Palmetto 
Guard,  Second  South  Corolina  Regi- 
ment; was  wounded  at  Gettysburg 
three  times,  at  Savage  Station  once,  at 
Sharpsburg;  at  Gettysburg  was  pro- 
moted from  private  to  a position  on  the 
staff ; at  Averysburgh  promoted  to 
captain  on  staff  of  Gen.  J.  D.  Kenne- 
dy, of  Camden;  was  in  prison  in  Fort 
Delaware,  and  in  McHenry  and  Ches- 
ter hospitals.  After  the  war  was  in  the 
hardware  business  in  Charleston ; then 
travelled  for  H.  & J.  W.  King,  of  New 
York,  over  Texas  and  the  South.  Af- 
ter that  engaged  in  the  insurance  busi- 
ness. In  1878  was  appointed  by  the 
Legislature  to  fill  this  office ; the  ori- 
ginal grants,  in  many  instances,  being 


in  this  office ; some  of  them  bearing- 
date  as  far  back  as  1719 ; also  many 
deeds  of  Lords  Proprietors,  and  the 
early  history  of  all  land  agents  in  this 
section  of  country.  As  Registrar,  he 
is  an  efficient  and  trustworthy  official, 
and  notwithstanding  the  arduous  na- 
ture of  the  service,  the  work  of  the 
office  is  promptly  and  accurately  done, 
and  the  public  have  reason  to  be  proud 
of  the  superior  efficiency  displayed  by 
Major  Kerrison,  and  his  clerical  staff. 
Major  Kerrison  has  had  the  honor  of 
representing  Charleston  County  in 
almost  every  Democratic  Convention 
previous  to  reconstruction  from  radi- 
cal rule,  and  was  a delegate  from 
Charleston  County  to  the  Convention 
which  nominated  Gen.  Hampton  for 
Governor,  and  was  influential  in  car- 
rying out  straight  out  Democratic  pol- 
icy, which  culminated  in  the  restora- 
tion of  the  State  from  ignorant  and 
carpet-bag  rule. 

HUGH  FERGUSON, 
Sheriff  of  Charleston  County. 

The  office  of  Sheriff,  is  one  of  the 
most  responsible  of  the  county  offices; 
its  duties  are  arduous,  and  most  unre- 
mitting and  trying,  the  proper  and 
efficient  discharge  of  which,  calls  for 
a man  of  sound  judgment,  a knowledge 
of  men  and  affairs,  requires  that  he 
should  be  possessed  of  courage  or 
prowess,  that  he  be  vigilant,  and  that 
his  integrity  be  of  that  high  standard, 
that  no  prospective  emolument,  or 
promised  reward,  or  hope  of  personal 
aggrandizement,  shall  swerve  or  tempt 
from  the  path  of  duty.  It  is  a posi- 
tion the  incumbent  of  which,  no  mat- 
ter what  his  deportment,  or  his  record, 
there  will  frequently  be  those  who  in 
the  extremity  of  their  trouble,  and 
that  desire  inherent  in  our  nature  to 
enjoy  freedom,  or  to  escape  the  ex- 
treme penalty  of  the  law  ; and  again, 
there  are  those  who,  under  severe 
stress,  and  to  induce  a less  rigorous  ex- 
ecution of  civil  process,  than  is  con- 
sistent with  the  duties  of  his  office, 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


165 


and  the  rights  of  other  parties,  will 
seek  by  improper  methods  to  influence 
his  action.  That  the  present  incum- 
bent, comes  up  to  the  full  measure  of 
requirements  of  this  position,  is  evi- 
dent, from  the  fact  that  he  was  tried, 
and  found  sufficient,  before  his  elec- 
tion. In  1879,  Mr.  Bowen,  the  then 
Sheriff  of  Charleston  County,  died  be- 
fore the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office, 
and  Mr.  Ferguson  was  appointed  to 
fulfill  his  unexpired  term,  and  in  1880, 
after  a year’s  probation  and  discipline, 
the  people  were  so  well  satisfied  with 
him  as  to  elect  him,  for  a four  year 
term  of  this  office.  Mr.  Ferguson,  is 
a native  of  Ireland,  came  to  this  coun- 
try and  to  Charleston  in  1836,  com- 
menced life  as  carpenter  and  builder, 
and  continued  in  this  business,  mak- 
ing estimates  and  taking  contracts, 
and  doing  a prosperous  and  flourish- 
ing trade  in  this  line  till  1880,  em- 
ploying from  fifty  to  one  hundred  men. 
Mr.  Ferguson  built  the  Union  Cotton 
Press  in  1878.  He  was  city  inspector 
in  Wagener’s  administration.  He  was 
President  of  the  Palmetto  Fire  Com- 
pany sixteen  years,  and  till  it  broke 
up  in  1881.  Was  first  lieutenant  in 
Wagner’s  Light  Infantry,  serving  on 
the  coast.  He  is  a member  of  Fellow- 
ship Society,  the  German  Friendly  So- 
ciety, Mechanics  Union  No.  1,  St.  Pat- 
rick’s Society.  He  takes  an  active 
interest,  in  all  matters  pertaining  to 
the  public  welfare.  Is  delegate,  to  all 
State,  County,  and  City  Conventions, 
and  since  the  war,  exerts  great  poten- 
tial influence,  in  city  and  county  poli- 
tics. Mr.  Ferguson  is  a hard  working, 
painstaking  official,  and  well  merits 
the  high  esteem,  in  which  he  is  held, 
as  an  honorable  and  efficient  public 
officer. 

T.  G:  BOAG, 

Deputy  Sheriff. 

Among  the  prominent  and  popular 
public-spirited  citizens  of  Charleston, 
Mr.  T.  G.  Boag  is  worthy  of  mention. 
The  greater  part  of  his  active  career, 


has  been  spent  in  the  cotton  business. 
He  was  Alderman  of  the  4th  ward  in 
the  first  term  of  Cunningham’s  ad- 
ministration. The  war  between  the 
States  breaking  out,  he  entered  as  1st 
Junior  Lieutenant  of  Richardson 
Guards,  which  went  to  Fort  Sumter 
under  command  of  Colonel  Maxcy 
Gregg,  assisting  in  the  capture  of  the 
fort.  Was  put  in  charge  of  the  prison- 
ers from  1st  Manassas,  and  they  appre- 
ciated his  kindness  by  giving  him 
many  complimentary  letters,  after- 
wards in  Gist  Guard  and  later  Capt. 
Comp.  B.,  Maningault  Bat.,  serving  in 
S.  C.  and  N.  C.,  surrendering  with  Joe 
Johnson. 

He  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  in 
’79,  and  has  since  continued  in  that 
position,  discharging  its  duties  faith- 
fully and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
the  Sheriff  and  of  the  public.  He  is  a 
genial,  pleasant  man,  is  fond  of  the 
sports  of  the  field,  is  a capital  shot.  He 
is  a native  of  Charleston,  where  he  is 
well  known  and  popular,  is  prominent 
in  politics,  takes  an  active  interest  in 
all  matters  he  believes  to  be  conducive 
to  the  city’s  welfare.  He  is  a faithful 
public  officer,  and  a good  and  useful 
citizen,  and  will  probably  in  the  near 
future  be  called  upon  by  an  appreciat- 
ing constituency  to  discharge  higher 
political  trusts. 

WM.  G.  EASON, 

County  Auditor. 

One  of  the  most  important  and  re- 
sponsible of  all  County  offices,  in  the 
populous  and  metropolitan  districts  of 
the  State,  and  one  having  an  exist- 
ence only  in  such,  is  that  of  County 
Auditor,  and  one  the  correct  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  which,  calls  for  a 
skilled  accountant.  The  duties  of 
this  office  are  extremely  arduous,  and 
call  for  a man  of  great  executive  abil- 
ity, of  much  industry,  and  of  varied 
knowledge,  with  regard  to  business 
affairs  or  transactions  in  general.  That 
the  present  incumbent  of  this  arduous 
and  responsible  position  comes  up  to 


166 


City  of  Charleston. 


tlie  full  measure  of  these  requirements, 
and  that  in  addition  thereto  he 
has  the  further  requisite  of  an  unsul- 
lied record,  is  evinced  by  the  fact,  that 
he  was  appointed  to  this  position  in 
1877,  for  a term  of  two  years,  by  the 
Hon.  Wade  Hampton,  the  then  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State,  and  that  he  has 
been  appointed  every  two  years  since, 
to  succeed  himself  in  this  office.  Mr, 
William  G.  Eason  was  born  and  edu- 
cated in  Charleston,  entered  the  hard- 
ware house  of  W.  L.  Timmon.  On 
January  81st,  1849,  he  sailed  from 


Charleston  to  California,  arrived  in  San 
Francisco  November  13th  following, 
and  remained  there  eleven  years,  dur- 
ing which  time,  he  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  and  steamboat 
business.  During  the  war  served  in 
the  Ordinance  Department  in  Charles- 
ton and  Columbia,  and  then  returned 
to  mercantile  life,  in  which  he  contin- 
ued until  the  time  of  his  appointment 
to  this  position,  as  above  stated.  The 
duties  of  his  office  are  ably  performed, 
and  he  has  the  highest  reputation, 
both  in  public  and  private  life. 


Court  House  of  Charleston  County. 


COL.  PETER  C.  GAILLARD, 
County  Treasurer. 

The  responsibility  of  a County  Trea- 
surer to  the  community  is  of  a most 
important  character,  the  Correct  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  which  office 
requires  great  business  tact  and  sagac- 
ity,  considerable  financial  ability,  a 
knowledge  of  the  best  methods  of 
keeping  accounts,  and  unfaltering  in- 
tegrity. He  is  the  officer,  who  receives 
the  public  money  arising  .from  taxes, 
assessments,  licenses  and  fines,  from 


rental  of  County  property,  and  funds 
accruing  from  every  other  source  of 
revenue,  takes  charge  of  the  same,  and 
disburses  it  upon  orders  drawn  by  the 
proper  authorities.  The  present  able 
and  efficient  incumbent,  was  appointed 
to,  and  has  continued  in  the  discharge 
of,  the  duties  of  this  position  since 
June,  1877.  Though  taking  a reason- 
ably  active  part  in  politics,  such  as 
behooves  all  who  appreciate  the  elec- 
tive franchise,  and  good  government, 
up  to  1877,  he  never  looked  for  or  ac- 
cepted any  office,  either  elective  or 
appointive.  Mr.  Gaillard,  was  born 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


167 


at  St.  Stephen’s  Parish,  Charleston 
County.  In  1828  went  to  Pendleton 
Academy.  From  December,  1829,  to 
the  summer  of  1831,  attended  S.  C. 
Col.  Was  appointed  from  his  Con- 
gressional District,  a cadet  to  West 
Point,  graduated  therefrom  in  June, 
1835.  Served  as  Lieutenant,  until 
May-,  1838,  in  U.  S.  Inf.,  when  resign- 
ing, he  entered  into  the  cotton  factor- 
age business,  and  continued  the  same 
until  1873.  When  the  war  broke  out, 
he  entered  the  Confederate  army,  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel  of  Charleston  Bat- 
talion, and  afterwards  was  Colonel  of 
the  Twenty-seventh  S.  C.  Reg.  Was 
on  the  coast  and  in  Va.  and  N.  C. 
Was  wounded  at  Secessionville,  and 
lost  his  left  arm  in  Battery  Wagner. 
Was  Mayor  of  Charleston  from  Nov., 
1865,  to  Feb.,  1868.  Personally,  Mr. 
Gaillard  is  a popular  official,  and  en- 
joys the  : highest  of  reputations,  as  an 
honorable  public  servant,  and  an  up- 
right member  of  the  community. 

J.  P.  De  YEAUX, 

County  Coroner. 

In  a county  there  are  few  officers 
more  responsible  than  that  of  Coroner, 
which  calls  for  a man  of  great 
nerve  and  sound  judgment.  Mr.  J.  P. 
De  Veaux,  the  present  worthy  incum- 
bent of  this  weighty  position,  was  born 
in  Charleston,  and  received  his  early 
education  at  her  high  schools.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  shipwright  and 
prosecuted  this  business  till  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war,  when  he  entered 
as  Sergeant  of  the  Fifth  S.  C.  Cavalry 
under  Generals  Hampton  and  Butler. 
For  meritorious  services  was  pro- 
moted to  a 1st  Lieutenancy,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  gallant  performance  of 
his  duty,  tail  wounded  on  the  20th  of 
March,  ’65,  at  Fayetteville,  N.  C.,  receiv- 
ing no  less  than  five  shots.  The  war 
over,  he  returned  to  his  trade,  till 
1876,  when  appointed  Superintend- 
ent of  Streets,  serving  in  this  capacity 
two  years,  and  for  a similar  length  of 
time  as  Overseer  for  County  Commis- 


sioners. In  1880,  the  people  having 
recognized  Mr.  De  Yeaux’s  abilities,  in 
directing  and  managing  the  affairs 
of  the  offices  he  had  already  held, 
with  an  overwhelming  majority 
elected  him  County  Coroner,  the  ar- 
duous duties  of  which  office,  he  has 
since  discharged  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all.  Mr.  De  Veaux  is  descend- 
ed from  an  old  Huguenot  S.  Carolin- 
ian. As  a member  of  the  Orange 
Lodge  14,  he  takes  an  active  and  in 
fluential  interest  in  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. In  1878  he  was  shot  in  a 
three-cornered  duel,  while  defending 
his  friend  Captain  White  , against  Mr. 
Rouse,  of  this  city.  In  politics  the 
Coroner  has  played  an  important  part, 
has  many  friends,  and  is  generally  es- 
teemed by  his  constituency. 

W.  E.  VINCENT, 

Probate  Judge, 

That  officer,  under  whose  supervis- 
ion, and  by  and  through  whom  the 
property  of  all  deceased  persons,  are 
distributed  to  those  who  are  entitled 
to  succeed  to  it,  should  be  possessed  of 
a thorough  and  exhaustive  knowledge 
of  the  laws  of  descent,  should  be  well 
grounded  in  the  general  principles  of 
the  various  branches  of  this  abstruce 
science,  perfectly  conversant  with  the 
laws  of  evidence,  and  proficient  in  the 
rules  of  practice  specially  adapted  for 
Probate  Courts.  Before  this  tribunal 
occurs  some  of  the  most  important 
legal  proceedings  that  arise  in  any 
Court,  confined  exclusively  to  the  juris- 
diction of  civil  cases.  The  successors, 
and  the  would-be  successors,  to  pro- 
perty of  deceased  persons  frequently, 
where  a will  is  left,  take  -issue  on  the 
question  of  the  testator’s  capacity  to 
make  a legal  will,  at  the  time  the  doc- 
ument purporting  to  be  a will,  was 
claimed  to  have  been  made,  or  that 
undue  influence  in  favor  of  legatees, 
had  been  exerted  over  the  mind  of  the 
deceased  person,  and  that,  therefore, 
the  document  offered  for  probate,  does 
not  express  the  wish  or  free  will  of  the 


168 


City  of  Charleston. 


testator,  with  regard  to  the  disposition 
of  his  estate.  In  such  case,  medical 
testimony,  and  the  evidence  of  those 
skilled,  in  reading  the  human  mind, 
and  in  discerning  the  considerations, 
and  motives,  that  influence  or  control 
the  actions  of  their  fellow-men,  is  call- 
ed into  requisition,  and  this  officer,  in 
his  official  capacity,  is  called  upon  to 
decide  upon  the  competency,  the  rele- 
vancy, and  the  sufficiency,  and  the 
credibility  of  the  testimony  offered  by 
the  contestants.  These  are  the  con- 
tingencies that  quite  frequently  arise, 
in  cases  where  wills  are  left,  calling  for 
an  almost  exhaustive  knowledge,  of 
the  laws  of  evidence  in  these  respects, 
on  the  part  of  the  incumbent,  of  this 
office.  Where  a person  dies  intestate, 
leaving  property,  a nice  discrimination 
is  in  almost  every  instance,  necessary 
to  be  exercised  in  determining  wdio,  of 
the  heirs,  or  creditors  of  the  deceased, 
are  entitled  to  have  the  letters  of  ad- 
ministration issued  to  them.  Here  a 
careful  and  judicious  consideration,  of 
the  facts  or  evidence,  of  the  respective 
claimants  of  this  right,  is  necessary, 
requiring  an  exact  knowledge,  of  yet 
other  rules  of  evidence,  than  those 
above  reverted  to.  Mr.  W.  E.  Vincent, 
Probate  Judge  of  Charleston  County, 
was  born  at  Charleston,  was  attending 
Citadel  School  when  the  war  between 
the  States  broke  out,  left  his  home  and 
his  studies  to  enter  the  Phoenix  Rifles, 
was  stationed  on  Morris  Island,  and 
afterwards  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Gonzales,  and  still  later  in  the  Charles- 
ton Light  Dragoons  in  Virginia.  After 
the  war  was  appointed  clerk  of  Pro- 
bate Court  of  Charleston  County,  and 
in  1868  was  elected  Judge  of  this  Court, 
for  a term  of  two  years,  and  has  been 
re-elected  every  twro  years,  since,  now 
being  incumbent  thereof.  Was  School 
Commissioner  two  years.  Has  attend- 
ed most  of  the  State  Conventions  since 
the  war  as  a delegate.  With  an  hon- 
orable record,  and  with  a long  prac- 
tical experience  in  this  office,  an  ex- 
perience to  which  he  can  refer  with 
pride  ; it  is  to  be  hoped,  that  he  may 


be  long  continued  in  this  responsible 
position,  having  so  thoroughly  demon- 
strated his  eminent  fitness  to  fill  the 
same,  his  decision  never  having  been 
once  set  aside  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State. 

MEDICAL  COLLEGE  OF  THE 
STATE  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

The  “Medical  College  of  South  Caro- 
lina,” under  the  control  of  the  Medi- 
cal Society  of  South  Carolina,  and 
located  in  Charleston,  received  its 
charter  from  the  State  in  1825.  In 
consequence  of  some  difference  be- 
tween the  Professors  and  the  Society, 
the  former  resigned  in  1832,  and  or- 
ganized another  Medical  College, 
which  was  chartered  December  20, 
1832,  under  the  name  which  heads 
this  sketch,  and  which  still  exists.  A 
Board  of  Trustees  was  elected,  with 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Heyward  as  President. 

The  faculty  was  organized  as  fol- 
lows: J.  Edward  Holbrook,  M.  D., 
Sam.  H.  Dickson,  M.  D.,  Thos.  G. 
Prioleau,  M.  D.,  Edm.  Ravenel,  M.  D., 
Henry  R.  Frost,  M.  D.,  and  John 
Wagner,  M.  D. 

The  College  has  since  continued  its 
exercises  uninterruptedly,  with  the 
exception  of  the  suspension  from  1861 
to  1865,  on  account  of  the  war,  and 
fifty-five  courses  of  lectures  have  been 
given.  The  alumni  number  2,153, 
and  the  number  of  students  who  dur- 
ing these  years  have  received  instruc- 
tion is  about  10,950.  These  were 
mostly  from  South  Carolina,  and  the 
remainder  principally  from  the  South- 
ern States.  , About  four-fifths  of  the 
present  medical  practitioners  of  South 
Carolina  are  graduates  of  this  college, 
and  her  Alumni  have  been  distin- 
guished teachers  and  physicians  in 
many  States  of  the  Union. 

The  College  owns  no  property,  with 
the  exception  of  the  large  and  hand- 
some building,  in  which  instruction 
is  given,  and  an  expensive  and  valu- 
able museum  of  pathological  speci- 
mens and  anatomical  preparations. 


State  of  South  Carolina. 


16 


The  institution  lias  never  been  the  re- 
cipient of  any  bequest  or  pecuniary 
gift,  with  the  exception  of  one  from 
the  State  of  $20,000  in  1853,  in  virtue 
of  which  the  Governor,  has  the  right 
of  appointing  one  beneficiary  from 
each  Congressional  District  (S).  The 
work  of  the  College  has  been  accom- 
plished and  the  school  sustained 
wholly  by  the  public  spirit,  and  upon 
the  personal  credit  of  the  members  of 
the  Faculty.  On  the  resumption  of 
exercises  after  the  war,  it  was  found 
that  the  building  had  been  badly  in- 
jured by  shells,  the  museum  had  been 


robbed  of  many  of  its  preparations, 
and  even  the  furniture  had  been  stolen. 
The  expenses  of  repairing  this  dam- 
age, was  defrayed  by  personally  assess- 
ing the  Professors.  From  that  time 
until  1876  the  Medical  College  was  the- 
only  public  institution  of  the  State  which 
had  not  been  seized  by  those  who 
usurped  the  State  government. 

The  College,  was  preserved  by  the 
devotion  of  the  Faculty,  who  have 
from  1865  to  the  present,  without  aid 
from  the  State,  carried  on  the  institu- 
tion, keeping  it  up,  at  great  persona- 
sacrifice  of  time,  t labor  and  money, 


Medical  College  of  State  of  South  Carolina. 


and  have  much  advanced  the  stand- 
ard of  education,  by  adding  to  the 
curriculum  the  branches  of  Clin. 
Surg.,  Medicine  and  Gynaec.,  Clin. 
Diseases  of  Eye  and  Ear,  and  Micros- 
copy, and  have  instituted  a school  of 
Pharmacy  and  Anal.  Chemistry. 

Edw.  McCrady,  Esq.,  is  President 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  E.  Horry 
Frost,  Secretarv  and  Treasurer. 

12 


Faculty  and  Auxiliary  Instructors — 
J.  Ford  Prioleau,  M.  D.,  Dean  and 
Professor  of  Obstet.  and  Gynaec;  B.. 
A,  Kinloch,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Prii:- 
cip.  and  Pract.  of  Surg.  and  Clin. 
Surg.;  J.  P.  Chazal,  M.  D.,  Prof,  of 
Path,  and  Pract.  of  Med.  and  of  Clin. 
Med  ; Middleton  Michel,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Physiol. ; F.  L.  Parker,  M.  D , 
Prof,  of  Anat.  and  Clin.  Lectures  cn 


170 


City  of  Charleston. 


Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear  ; F.  Peyre 
Porcher,  Professor  of  Mat.  Med.,  Ther. 
and  Botany  ; T.  Grange  Simons,  M.  D., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Path,  and  Pract. 
of  Med.  and  Clin.  Med.;  A.  R.  Guer- 
ard,  A.  R.  S.  M.,  Inst,  in  Chemistry ; 
R.  Barnwell  Rhett,  M.  D.,  Demons,  of 
Anat.;  John  L.  Dawson,  Jr.,  M.  D., 
Assist.  Demons,  of  Anat.;  George  G. 
Ivinloch,  M.  D.,  Inst,  in  Micros,  and 
Pros,  to  Prof,  of  Surg.;  P.  Gourdin 
DeSaussure,  M.D.,  Assistant  Professor 
of  Gynaec ; C.  F.  Panknin,  Professor 
of  Pharmacy,  and  Dean  of  Pharm. 
Faculty. 

For  several  years  past,  by  arrange- 
ment with  the  City  Council,  the  Roper 
Hospital  has  been  under  the  medical 
and  surgical  direction  of  the  Faculty 
of  the  College.  This  hospital  con- 
tains 300  beds,  150  patients  being  the 
daily  average,  and  affords  excellent 
opportunities  for  Clinical  Instruction, 
daily  lectures  being  given  in  the  hos- 
pital during  the  session.  Four  house 
physicians  are  attached  to  the  hos- 
pital, who  are  chosen  every  March,  in 
the  order  of  their  proficiency,  from 
.among  the  graduates,  who  apply  for 
•the  position. 

Expenses. 

Medical  Department.  — Matricula- 
tion $5.  Entire  course  of  lectures,  in- 
cluding Demonstrator’s  ticket  and 
hospital  advantages,  $75  ; graduating 
fee,  $30. 

Pharmaceutical  Department. — Ma- 
triculation, $5 ; tuition  fee,  $30  ; Prac- 
tical laboratory  work,  $10  to  $15; 
graduating  fee,  $10. 

The  College  receives  yearly  an  in- 
creasing number  of  pupils,  now  about 
75,  and  with  the  facilities  at  its  com- 
mand and  the  advantages  offered,  es- 
pecially in  the  comparative  study  of 
the  diseases  of  the  two  races,  who,  in 
many  respects,  differ  physiologically 
and  pathologically,  deserves  the  pa- 
tronage of  medical  students.  The 
mildness  of  the  Charleston  winter,  the 
polished  society  and  rational  amuse- 
ments, amply  sufficient  for  all  purposes 


of  relaxation,  induce  students  from  all 
parts  of  our  country  to  visit  this  insti- 
tution, of  which  Carolina  and  the 
medical  profession  throughout  the 
Union  have  reason  to  be  proud. 

JACOB  FORD  PRIOLEAU, 
Dean. 

As  prominent,  accomplished  and 
learned  a physician  as  there  is  in  the 
South,  is  Dr.  Jacob  Ford  Prioleau,  of 
Charleston,  South  Caroline,  of  Italian 
and  Huguenot  ancestry,  son  of  Pro- 
fessor Thomas  G.  Prioleau,  M.  D., 
and  Mary  IP.  (Ford)  Prioleau,  was 
born  in  Charleston,  April  30th,  1826. 

He  was  educated  in  private  schools, 
and  at  the  Charleston  College  receiv- 
ing his  A.  B.  in  1845,  and  A.  M. 
1848,  and  studied  medicine  in 
Charleston,  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  and  graduated  M.  D.  at  the 
Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina  in  1847.  lie  settled  first 
near  Stockton,  California,  in  1849,  but 
returned  to  Charleston  in  1851.  IPis 
practice  is  general,  although  in  sur- 
gery he  has  successfully  performed 
many  of  the  capital  operations.  He 
is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  of  the  South 
Carolina  Medical  Association,  its  Vice 
President  in  1869,  and  President  in 
1871  and  1872;  also  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health.  His  contribu- 
tions to  medical  literature  are  published 
in  the  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Science,  in  the  Charleston  Medical 
Journal,  Transactions  of  S.  C.  Medical 
Association,  &c.  He  was  physician  to 
the  Charleston  almshouse  and  city 
hospital  from  1852  to  1854  ; physician 
to  the  Roper  hospital  from  1858  to 
1861,  and  from  1866  to  1870.  He  was 
lecturer  at  the  Charleston  medical  in- 
stitute in  1851  upon  obsterics,  which 
he  resigned  in  1856;  elected  professor 
of  obstetrics  in  the  Medical  College  of 
South  Carolina  in  1871,  and  in  1873  to 
the  chair  of  gynaecology.  He  was 
surgeon  in  the  provisional  army  of  the 
Confederate  States,  attached  to  the 


insriDEx 


PAGE 

Abrahams,  N.,  Shoes 139 

Aimar  G.  IW.  & Co.,  Drug- 
gists   67 

Atlantic  1’ hosphate  Co 48 

Bank,  First  National 93 

Bank  of  Charleston 60 

Barbot  A.  O.,  Druggist 143 

Bardin  & Murdoch,  FactorsllS 

Bart  C.  & Co  , Fruit 53 

Bayer  Henry,  Fruit 96 

Bee  W.  C.  & Co.,  Factors...  70 

Behre  C.  H.,  Jeweller 156 

Berbusse  C.,  Basket  Goods, 178 

Biller  I.,  Dye  House, 152 

Bird  W'm.  I\I.  & Co.,  Oils 

and  Colors HO 

Boag  T.  G-,  Deputy  Sheriff,  165 
Bolger  H.  H.,  Undertaker, 
Brewster  & Burke,  Law- 
yers  147 

Bristol  T M & Son,  Shoes..  125 
Brown  Edm.  T.  & Co., 

Hats,  etc 79 

Brown  Dr.  W.  S.,  Dentist.. 175 

Brown  S.,  Dry  Goods 155 

Buist  J.  S.,  M.  D 73 

Bull  W.  E„  Dentist 151 

Bulwinkle  Geo.,  Grocer 152 

Burmeister  & Co.,  Hay  and 

Grain 58 

Burnett  B.  R.,  Lawyer 137 

Campbell  T.,  Stoves 123 

Carrigan  & Silcox,  Factors,  120 
Chaffee  & O’Brien,  Grocers,  80 
Charleston  Bagging  Fact’y,  50 

Hotel 113 

Manuf  ’g  Co 46 

Oil  Manf’gCo.,  52 
Phosphate  Co.,  177 

Chazal  J.  P , M.  D 173 

Chisolm  J.  B.,  Lawyer 143 

City  Railway 100 

Oleckley  IL.  M , M.  D 134 

Clyde  Steam  Line 43 

Cochran  & Alexander,  Real 

Estate 54 

Cowperthwait  E.  R.,  Fur- 
niture  179 

Coffin  E.,  Real  Estate 154 

Cohen  J.  B.,  Lawyer 85 

Cohen  Jos.  & Son,  Ship 

Brokers 129 

Cohen  & Triest,  Dry  Goods, 146 
Colburn  & Schacte,  Insur- 
ance  118 


PAGE  I 


Cook  G.  L.  G.,Photograph’r,53 

Courtenay  Hon.  W.  A 41 

Cunningham  George  1 103 

DeSaussure  & Son,  Lawy’s,  128 

DeVeaux  J.  P,  Coroner 167 

Deutsche  Zeitung 97 

Dill  Jos.  T.  & Co.,  Factors,  86 
Dotterer  Louis  P.,  Dentist,  91 

Druelle  L.,  Tailor 180 

Dun  R.  G.  & Co.,  Mer.  Ag’y,  76 
Ducker  J.  H.,  Grocer 143 

Eagle  Candy  Manuf  ’g  Co.,  142 

Eason  W.  G , Auditor 165 

Edisto  Phosphate  Co 74 

Egan  Geo.  W.,  Builder 135 

El'fe  William  T Ill 

Enslow  J.  A.,  Merchant 177 

Etiwan  Phosphate  Works..  70 

Ferguson  Hugh,  Sheriff'... ..164 


Fine  W.  M.,  Boarding 

Officer 161 

Fischer  Win.,  Engraver 89 

Forsythe  W.  C.  & Son,  Dry 

Goods 61 

Franke  C.  D.,  Carriage 
Supplies 68 

Gage  Alva  & Co.,  Ice 107 

Gaillard  P.  C.,  Co.  Treas’r,  166 
Gooding  & Read,  Sale  Sta- 
bles,  125 

Gotjen  A.  C.  F.,  Grocer 128 

Gotjen,  D.  W.,  Grocer 148 

Gourdin,  Jno.  K.,  Engineer 

and  Surveyor 98 

Graham  R.  & Co.,  Sale 

Stables 156 

Graman  J.  H.,  Druggist 150 

Graveley  C.,  Insurance 91 

Graver  Anna  C.,  Grocer 75 

Haeslop  Henry,  Hay  and 

Grain 136 

Hagood  J.  E.,  U-  S.  Dist 

Court 162 

Hamblin  R.  W , Boston  Ba- 
zaar  85 

Hastie  W.  S.  & Son,  Insur- 
ance  87 

Hayne  & Ficken,  Lawyers,  54 
Holmes  W.  E.,  Oils  and 

Paints 65 

Honour  J,  L.  & Co..  Insur’e,  66 
Huguelet  E.,  Jeweller 142 


PAGE 

Hurkamp  Jno.  & Co.,  Gro- 
cers  122 

Ingraham  Geo.  IL.,  Factor,  105 

Johnson  J.  R.  & Son,  Hats 

Umbrellas 97 

Johnston  T.  B , Collector,  100 
Jones  T.  B.,  Broker 106 

Keller  F.  B.  & Co.,  Poultry,  119 
Kennedy  M.  F.  & Bro., 

Auctioneers 109 

Kennedy  T J.,  Wheelwri’t,118 
Kerrison  C-  Jr.,  Register. ..162 

King  W.  L.,  Real  Estate 153 

Kinloch  R.  A.,  M.  D 171 

Kracke  F.  D.  C.,  Hay  and 
Grain 112 

Lee  & DeSaussure,  Insur- 
ance  127 

Leidloff  H.,  Photography. .155 
Lilienthal  F.  J.  &Son,  Gro- 
ceries and  Feed 150 

Livingston  J.  H.,  U.  S.  Mar- 
shal   158 

Lunz  George,  Cigars 165 

Magratli  A.  G.,  Jr.,  Lawyer, 101 
McCobb  A.,  Lime  and  Ce- 
ment  84 

McCrady  Sons  & Bacot, 

Lawyers 101 

McElree’s  Jewelry  Palace,  77 
MclnnesBenj.,  Blacksmith  91 
Mclnnes  Benj.  Jr.,  Veteri- 
nary Surgeon 92 

Mclnnes,  P.  M.,  Horse- 

Shoeing 110 

Mallonee  J.  C.,  Lumber 136 

Mandeville  J.  C.,  Paimer...l44 

Marks’  Ship  Yard 137 

Marshall  Samuel  R.  & C’o., 

Hardware 141 

Martin  R.  T.,  Shoes  and 

Sewing  Machines 138 

Medical  College 168 

Melchers  A.,  Bakery 116 

Melton  S.  VL,U.  S.  Att’y...l59 

Menke  A.,  Tabor 135 

Michel  M.,  M.  D ...174 

Mikell  & Simonds,  storage,  106 

Millar  John  C.,  Lawyer 109 

Miller  W.  T.,  Sail-Maker. ..121 
Millings  & Co.,  Furniture-  78 


184 


Index. 


PAGE  I 

.Mitchell  & Smith,  Lawyers,  62 
Molony  John  J.,  Ship  Bro- 
ker  105 

Moc  <1  & Terry, Fish  Dealers, 176 

Moran  P.,  Hardware' 91 

Moses  J.  L.,  Real  Estate... 101 
Mowry  L.  D.  & Son,  Factorsll5 
Muckenfuss  W.  M.,  Law- 


Nelson  S.  A.  & Co.,  Shoes,  82 
Norden  A.  & Co  . Export’rs,  57 


Rowell  F.A.,  Photograph’r,145 

Oliver  Henry,  Builder 68 

O’Neill  B.,  Grocer 169 

Ostendortl  J.  H.,  Deputy 

Collector 161 

Otis  A.  P.,  Coal 88 

Panknin  C.  F.,  Pharma 138 

Parker  F.  L.  J.,  M.D  , 172 

Paul  John  &Co.,  Grocers. ..108 

Peeksen  J.  N.,  Grocer 179 

Pelzer,  Rodgers  & Co 48 

Percival  E.  VV.,  Sasli  and 

Blinds 83 

Porcher  F.  P.,  M.  D 175 

PlengeC.  C.,  Hats  and  Ci- 
gars  ■' 72 

Plenge  Edw.,  Tailor 134 

Prioleau  Jac.  F.,  M.  D 170 

Puckhaber  Bros.*  Bakery. .149 


Redding  Jas.  F.,  Auction’!- 121 
Rehkopf,  F.  G-  & Sons, 


Undertakers 126 

Riecke  G.,  Auctioneer 96 

Rosenthal  E.,  Jeweller 152 


PAGE 

Roumillat  J.,  Pharma 88 

Rutledge  & Young,  Lawy’rs,  81 

Sahlman  L.,  Hay  and  Grainl09 

Salas  & Hall,  Cotton 66 

Sanders,  Welling  & Co., 

Bricks 124 

Schirmer  Jacob  S.,  Rice 92 

Sclilepegrell  & Son,  Lum- 
ber  : 139 

Schmancke  C.  L.,  Feed 153 

Schuckman,  P.,  Fancy 

Goods 154 

Schwettmann  C.  F , Pharml22 
Seignious  Jas.  M.,  Factor...  81 

Shaw,  P.  R.,  Dry  Goods 152 

Sheppard  & Porcher,  Rice..  141 
Simmons  Jas.  S,,  Grocer...  89 
Simons  & Siegling,  Lawyers,  50 
Simons  S.  Lewis,  Surveyor,  61 

Simons  T.  G.,  M.  D 173 

Simonton  & Barker,  Law- 
yers  11 1 

Singer  Manufacturing  Co...  90 
Sloan  J.  B.  E.  & Son,  Fac- 
tors  114 

Smith  Atmar,  Dentist 72 

Smith  F.  J.,  Architect 127 

Smith,  Mclver  & Co.,  Fac- 
tors  64 

Smith  Hampton 179 

Smythe  & Adger,  Factors...  62 
Smythe,  Bruns  & Lee, 

Lawyers  ..... 132 

Solomons.!.  R.,  Dentist 144 

Southern  Express  Co 102 

Staniand  & Downing,  Na- 
val Stores 45 

Steenken  H.,  Wheelwright,  78 
Stelling  J.  H.  E.,  Printer...  58 


Steinke  F , Baker. 
Steinmeyer  J.  H.,  L 

Steitz  H , Fruit 

Steiber  Jac.,  Slices. 


PAGE 

122 

umber,  145 

64 

135 


Thomas  S.  B 106 

Thomlinson  Alvin  R 69 

TiedemanO.  &Son,  Groc’rsll7 
Treahy  M.  J.,  Carpenter. ..117 
Trtnbolm  Geo.  A.  & Son...  59 

Trenholm  Savage  D 95 

Tapper  S.  Y.  & Son,  Insur- 
ance  98 

Tupper,  F.  & Co  , Ifisur’ce,  140 

Victoria  Hotel 180 

Vincent  W.  E.,  Probate 

Judge 167 

Von  Santen,  Fancy  Bazaar,  156 


Wando  Phosphate  Co 55 

Wayne  & Von  Kolnitz 56 

Weatherhorn  & Fischer, 

Building  Material 92 

Webb  Sam.,  Florist 100 

Welch  & Eason,  Grocers...  59 

Wehman  F.,  Grocer 86 

Welling  E.,  Lumber 124 

Werner  Iron  Works 154 

Whi'den  W.  W.  & Co.,  Fac- 
tors  103 

Wilbur  W.  C.,  Dentist 151 

Williams  A.  M.  & Bro. 

Printers 70 

Williams  G.  W 129 

Wulbern  & Pieper,  Grocers  57 

Ybites  Joseph,  M.  D 176 


V. 


V 


f 


MOV  1 ^ '*< 

-/iff  ‘H  wgf; 



D00575643U 


